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The present study assesses the attitudes and practices of teachers in relation to the national program Escuela 2.0 in Spain, implemented in 2009. The study analyzes attitudes and needs of 424 teachers and it assesses teaching practices developed with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Data is analyzed through mixed methods with various instruments using descriptive analysis, factor analysis and a detailed analysis regarding teaching practice from 21 cases. In conclusion, one third of teachers properly integrate Educational Technology into practice. Moreover 62% of teachers support the applied one laptop per child policy and have positive feedback in this regard, however two thirds of the teachers in the sample integrate technology with isolated activities, adapting persisting traditional pedagogical models. There are deficiencies concerning school performance, group work, problem solving and communication in learning activities. Therefore, students need educational guidance for the appropriate use of ICT in the learning process.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) diagnosis has a considerable emotional and psychological impact on women. To evaluate the impairment this infection leads to regarding quality of life (QoL), several scales have been suggested, such as the human‐papillomavirus‐quality‐of‐life (HPV‐QoL) questionnaire. This has been validated for the Spanish population and measures the impact of HPV on health‐related‐quality‐of‐life (HR‐QoL). However, normative values are yet to be developed. Thus, the objective was to describe the population‐based norms of the HPV‐QoL for Spanish women aged 25–65 years and to test the questionnaire's construct validity. Material and Methods: This was a cross‐sectional nationwide multicenter study. Women from outpatient clinics in Spain aged 25–65 years, with a diagnosis of past or active HPV infection were recruited. The central tendency, dispersion, and percentiles were calculated for the total score and its dimensions for each age group. Construct validity was tested by analyzing age groups and their correlations with other related scales (12‐Item General Health Questionnaire [GHQ‐12], Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI], and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]). Results: A total of 1352 women were included in the study. The norms showed moderate and significant coefficients of correlation with other related scales. Significant differences between age strata groups were found according to educational level, sexual dysfunction, sexual activity, mental deterioration, and severity of anxiety and depression symptoms (p < 0.001 in all cases). The total score differed significantly between the groups (p = 0.006). Significant differences in the contagiousness, health, and sexuality dimensions (p < 0.05) were found among the groups. It was seen that HPV infection impaired women's QoL. Dimensions within all test age groups (p < 0.001 in all cases) were significantly different, with the health dimension being the highest contributor to women's QoL impairment, whereas social well‐being was the main determinant of QoL. Conclusions: Population‐based norms for the novel HPV‐QoL questionnaire showed adequate validity and could be a useful tool for assessing the impact of QoL among women with HPV in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the role of the main Spanish political groups in the polarisation of public opinion and the promotion of the culture of disinformation through Twitter (now Platform X). The study carries out an analysis of issues associated with tweets and retweets in Spanish of the total published (n = 33,506 messages out of a total of 49,288 messages), which are contrasted with 2,730 disinformation publications identified by the two most relevant fact-checking projects in Spain (Maldita.es and Newtral.es). Based on the applied methodology, a political-communicative context is observed on Platform X characterised by a high level of self-promotion and polarisation, facilitated by the communication strategy of specific topics, applied by the actors analysed. The results show how these political actors can play an active and differentiated role in the promotion of disinformation content identified by the Maldita.es and Newtral.es data verification projects. This may contribute to the polarisation of Spanish public opinion on Platform X by delegitimising the opinions of their opponents on issues of interest to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a cross-sectional, empirical study set in Spain and Colombia to examine the main motivations and attitudes towards physical and sports activity in different population groups. An empirical model is proposed which integrates two existing models that explain the behaviour of physical exercise and sports practice: the physical activity and leisure motivation scale (PALMS), and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The results show neither significant differences between the two countries nor any differences in other categories, such as gender or age group. The motivation to take part in sports is seen as an improvement in physical condition and mental state and as a desire for mastery in sports practice. This is one of the most complete studies carried out in two countries at the same time to examine the process of consumer behaviour regarding sports services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Heat Loss Coefficient (HLC) characterizes the envelope efficiency of a building under in-use conditions, and it represents one of the main causes of the performance gap between the building design and its real operation. Accurate estimations of the HLC contribute to optimizing the energy consumption of a building. In this context, the application of black-box models in building energy analysis has been consolidated in recent years. The aim of this paper is to estimate the HLC of an existing building through the prediction of building thermal demands using a methodology based on Machine Learning (ML) models. Specifically, three different ML methods are applied to a public library in the northwest of Spain and compared; eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network. Furthermore, the accuracy of the results is measured, on the one hand, using both CV(RMSE) and Normalized Mean Biased Error (NMBE), as advised by AHSRAE, for thermal demand predictions and, on the other, an absolute error for HLC estimations. The main novelty of this paper lies in the estimation of the HLC of a building considering thermal demand predictions reducing the requirement for monitoring. The results show that the most accurate model is capable of estimating the HLC of the building with an absolute error between 4 and 6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction of building indoor temperatures and thermal demand is of great help to control and optimize the energy performance of a building. However, building thermal inertia and lag lead to complex nonlinear systems is difficult to model. In this context, the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in buildings has grown considerably in recent years. The aim of this work is to study the thermal inertia of a building by developing an innovative methodology using multi-layered perceptron (MLP) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks. This approach was applied to a public library building located in the north of Spain. A comparison between the prediction errors according to the number of time lags introduced in the models has been carried out. Moreover, the accuracy of the models was measured using the CV(RMSE) as advised by AHSRAE. The main novelty of this work lies in the analysis of the building inertia, through machine learning algorithms, observing the information provided by the input of time lags in the models. The results of the study prove that the best models are those that consider the thermal lag. Errors below 15% for thermal demand and below 2% for indoor temperatures were achieved with the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses whether the firm can combine exploration and exploitation and seeks to determine whether implementing manufacturing flexibility will facilitate the development of either of these two terms or both simultaneously. This relationship was measured in 231 Spanish production firms. The results obtained show that: (1) firms develop exploration of new knowledge at the same time as they exploit their abilities; (2) manufacturing flexibility encourages the development of both exploration and exploitation; (3) this relationship is even more significant if we take into account dynamism of the environment and organisational learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article tries to approach a comparison between the Fundamental Right's guarantee systems on the 1978 Spanish Constitution and the 1980 Chilean Constitution. On that matter, we'll show what we understand as a Fundamental Right's guarantee system. Afterwards, we shall analyze the main elements of each Constitution's guarantee system, exposing how their main differences can be explain in the different configuration of the political and judicial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar PV generation is renewable energy source that in the last years has contributed to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Controlling the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) installations is essential in order for its use to spread. Deep learning (DL) models have demonstrated their efficiency in this context. The purpose of this work is to show a methodology to optimised deep learning models and show a specific application of the optimised model to characterise PV installations. The estimations yielded by this model are obtained without the need for real PV data to the training process; synthetic data are used. The built multivariate neural network is optimised through the use of a multiobjective genetic algorithm and the use of a feature engineering tool based on functional data analysis (FDA) clustering. This method was applied on synthetic data and on a PV installation located in north-western Spain, where the number of parallel modules, the azimuth and the slope in the installation are estimated. The results show that the model optimised using the non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and the customised dataset with FDA, achieve lower errors or in the same range by reducing the complexity of the model or the complexity of the dataset used. Specifically, the bests models generates estimations with an average error between 6% and 18% on synthetic data and between 6% and 12% on real data. • An optimisation methodology is proposed to select the best LSTM architecture. • The optimisation is based on the multiobjective genetic algorithm NSGA-II. • A feature engineering tool based on FDA clustering is also proposed. • The models are evaluated based on the PV installations characterisation. • The results show the improvements provided by the optimisations presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries ordained lockdowns, establishing different restrictions on people's mobility. Exploring to what extent these measures have been effective is critical in order to better respond to similar future scenarios. This article uses anonymous mobile phone data to study the impact of the Spanish lockdown on the daily dynamics of the Madrid metropolitan area (Spain). The analysis has been carried out for a reference week prior to the lockdown and during several weeks of the lockdown in which different restrictions were in place. During these weeks, population distribution is compared during the day and at night and presence profiles are obtained throughout the day for each type of land use. In addition, a spatial multiple regression analysis is carried out to determine the impact of the different land uses on the local population. The results in the reference week, pre-COVID-19, show how the population in activity areas increases in each time slot on a specific day and how in residential areas it decreases. However, during the lockdown, activity areas cease to attract population during the day and the residential areas therefore no longer show a decrease. Only basic essential commercial activities, or others that require the presence of workers (industrial or logistics) maintain some activity during lockdown. • Mobile phone data have a great potential for analysing the effectiveness of the restrictions on mobility, implemented to contain COVID-19 spread. • Mobile phone data analysis brings the possibility of evaluating the impact of different measures with high spatio-temporal resolution. • There is a close link between the presence of people and the spatial distribution of the different land uses. • It is possible to identify and monitor areas with more or less activity during the COVID-19 lockdown than in a normal week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: There is little evidence on the impact of current recommendations on the use of antiplatelet therapy during the perioperative and periprocedural period in our setting. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and clinical impact of inappropriate use of antiplatelet therapy in a population of patients undergoing surgery or a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in "real life" in Spain., Methods: A prospective multicenter observational study of patients treated with antiplatelet agents requiring intervention was conducted. The incidence of thrombotic and hemorrhagic events at 30 days was analyzed according to peri-intervention management of antiplatelet therapy., Results: We included 643 patients (31.9% women, 39.0% over 75 years of age), most of them (87.7%) receiving aspirin as antiplatelet therapy at a dose of 100mg/day. Indications for antiplatelet therapy were ischemic heart disease (44.9%), cerebrovascular disease (21.7%), and peripheral vascular disease (23.0%). Ischemic risk was low in 74.3%, while 51.6% had a low bleeding risk of the intervention. Periprocedural management was considered appropriate in 61.7% of cases. 30-day incidence of the combined primary endpoint of thrombotic events and major bleeding (12.1% versus 5.0%; p=0.002) and 30-day mortality (5.2% versus 1.5%; p=0.008) were significantly higher in patients with inappropriate periprocedural management of antiplatelet agents., Conclusions: Despite current recommendations for the use of antiplatelet drugs in the perioperative/periprocedural period, their implementation in the "real world" remains low. Inappropriate use is associated with an increased incidence of adverse events, both thrombotic and hemorrhagic., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and menopause entail a considerable impairment in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of the menopause status on HRQoL in women with HPV infection., Methods: A cross-sectional, nationwide, multicenter sample of women with HPV infection was conducted throughout clinics of gynecology representative of the Spanish population with regard to age, geographic density, and autonomous regions. Demographic and clinical characteristics and the specific HPV-QoL questionnaire score with its domains were compared according to reproductive status: premenopausal and peri-/postmenopausal. Correlation with other validated patient-reported outcomes measurements was also tested, including General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)., Results: A sample of 1,016 noninstitutionalized women, aged 18-80 y, was recorded, 191 (18.8%) peri-/postmenopausal and 825 (81.2%) premenopausal. Total HPV-QoL scoring was significantly lower in peri-/postmenopausal (38.8, 95% CI [35.2-42.4]) compared to premenopausal (46.4, 95% CI [45.0-47.8]) women, and also in every domain of the scale (P < 0.05), except in social well-being and health domains, with a small effect size of 0.39. In women with sexual dysfunction according to FSFI, adjusted total scoring and domains sexuality, general well-being, and psychological well-being scored significantly higher in premenopause women (P < 0.01), although the magnitude of differences were of small to moderate size., Conclusions: HRQoL was impaired during menopause in women with HPV infection according to HPV-QoL questionnaire. The sexuality domain was the most differentiating dimension between these populations., Competing Interests: Financial disclosures/conflicts of interest: This work was sponsored by the Asociación Española De Patología Cervical y Colposcopia (AEPCC). No financial or editorial support was provided except for a review of the English, conducted by Javier Calvo-Torres. Javier Rejas is an independent member of the EACCOS Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, and declares no conflicts of interest as a consequence of participating in this study. Isabel Gippini gave a lecture at GINEP en La Coruña about quality of life in menopause, paid for by Theramex, and had accommodations paid for by Dynamesh where she gave a lecture about robotic colposacropexy. The other authors have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 by The Menopause Society.)

Objective: To identify new parameters predicting fetal acidemia., Methods: A retrospective case-control study in a cohort of deliveries from a tertiary referral hospital-based cohort deliveries in Zaragoza, Spain between 2018 and 2021 was performed. To predict fetal acidemia, the NICHD categorizations and non-NICHD parameters were analyzed in the electronic fetal monitoring (EFM). Those included total reperfusion time, total deceleration area and the slope of the descending limb of the fetal heart rate of the last deceleration curve. The accuracy of the parameters was evaluated using the specificity for (80%, 85%, 90%, 95%) sensitivity and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)., Results: A total of 10 362 deliveries were reviewed, with 224 cases and 278 controls included in the study. The NICHD categorizations showed reasonable discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.727). The non-NICHD parameters measured during the 30-min fetal monitoring, total deceleration area (AUC = 0.807, 95% CI: 0.770, 0.845) and total reperfusion time (AUC = 0.750, 95% CI: 0.707, 0.792), exhibited higher discriminatory ability. The slope of the descending limb of the fetal heart rate of the last deceleration curve had the best AUC value (0.853, 95% CI: 0.816, 0.889). The combination of total deceleration area or total reperfusion time with the slope demonstrated high discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.908, 95% CI: 0.882, 0.933; specificities of 71.6% and 72.7% for a sensitivity of 90%)., Conclusions: The slope of the descending limb of the fetal heart rate of the last deceleration curve is the strongest predictor of fetal acidosis, but its combination with the total reperfusion time shows better clinical utility., (© 2024 The Authors. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.)

Background: Sudden death (SD) constitutes one of the principal causes of death and is an important problem in healthcare provision. Cardiovascular diseases have a high prevalence in dialysis patients and constitute the principal cause of death. We sought to analyze retrospectively the incidence of SD in patients commencing dialysis and the factors related to its presence., Methods: We evaluated all the patients who began dialysis in our center between 1/11/2003 and 15/9/2007, and who were followed up until death, transplant, or study completion on 31/12/2012. We determined the presence of SD according to the following criteria: SD at 24 h (SD 24H): unexpected death occurring in the 24 h following the start of symptoms, or when the patient was found dead and had been seen alive 24 h earlier; SD at 1 h (SD 1H): death witnessed as occurring in the first hour following the start of symptoms., Results: We evaluated 285 patients, mean age 65.67 ± 15.7 years. In a follow-up of 39.9 ± 34.2 months (947.6 patient-years of follow-up) 168 died (59%), 28 (10%) patients presented SD 24H (2.9/100 patient-years), and 16 (6%) patients presented SD 1H (1.7/100 patient-years). In the multivariate analysis, having had a myocardial infarction or having had electrocardiographic abnormalities (Q wave, negative T wave, subendocardial lesion or QRS >120 ms) were the principal independent predictors of SD 24H (OR 7.83; 95% CI 2.20-27.86; p = 0.001) and of SD 1H (OR 13.43; 95% CI 1.56-115.42; p = 0.018)., Conclusions: SD on dialysis is very frequent. Two groups can be identified easily, with risk profiles clearly differentiated.

Changes in the indications for tracheostomy in children have led to the progressively greater involvement of the paediatric pulmonologist in the care of these patients. The aim of this study was to review the current profile of tracheostomised children in Spain. We undertook a longitudinal, multicentre study over 2 yrs (2008 and 2009) of all patients aged between 1 day and 18 yrs who had a tracheostomy. The study, involving 18 Spanish hospitals, included 249 patients, of whom 150 (60.2%) were <1 yr of age. The main indications for the procedure were prolonged ventilation (n=156, 62.6%), acquired subglottic stenosis (n=34, 13.6%), congenital or acquired craniofacial anomalies (n=25, 10%) and congenital airway anomalies (n=24, 9.6%). The most frequent underlying disorders were neurological diseases (n=126, 50.6%) and respiratory diseases (n=98, 39.3%). Over the 2-yr study period, 92 (36.9%) children required ventilatory support, and decannulation was achieved in 59 (23.7%). Complications arose in 117 patients (46.9%). Mortality attributed to the underlying condition was 12.5% and that related directly to the tracheostomy was 3.2%. Respiratory complexity of tracheostomised children necessitates prolonged, multidisciplinary follow-up, which can often extend to adulthood.

Background: To evaluate results after seven years using prophylactic intracameral cefazolin for the prevention of endophthalmitis in cataract surgery., Methods: A prospective, observational study of all patients submitted to cataract surgery over the period January 1996 to December 2009. All cases of postoperative endophthalmitis over that period were reviewed. The patients were classified in two groups: Group 1 (11,696 patients) operated on between January 1996 and December 2002, Group 2 (13,305 patients) between January 2003 and December 2009 (in whom a 1 mg/0.1 bolus of intracameral cefazolin was instilled)., Results: During the study period, 76 cases of endophthalmitis were observed in Group 1, and seven in Group 2. The rate of postoperative endophthalmitis reduced from 0.63% to 0.05% with a cefazolin injection. The relative risk (RR) for endophthalmitis in Group 1 against group 2 was 11.45 [95% CI 5.72-22.84, p < 0.001]., Conclusions: An intracameral bolus injection of cefazolin (1 mg in 0.1 ml solution) at the conclusion of the cataract surgery significantly reduced the rate of postoperative endophthalmitis.