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Due to the interest at stake and the obligation to comply EU guidelines, the scope of private copying is one of the most controversial issues when regulating Intellectual Property. Private copying is the individual's possibility to copy works protected under copyright for his private use. In this study, I will analyze the evolution of this precept throughout time and construction, as well as the requirements imposed by law for a reproduction to be sheltered in order to elucidate why the scope is how it is today and what can we expect for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, I analyze the way in which the independence of the American viceroyalties affects the formation of concepts such as nation and nationality in the context of the Iberian Peninsula. This political environment is the unstable background that illuminates the animosity raised by the ethnic, social and, racial identity of the mestizo, in the society drawn by the Duke of Rivas in Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino. In 1835, the indiano is an uncomfortable reminder of those Iimits within which citizenship is defined in the newly constituted nation-state. Don Alvaro, emblem of the irreducible dialectics between loyalty and rebellion, reveals the crisis underneath the discourses in charge of defining the new political body of citizenship, whose task is to give birth to a modern nation from the colonial ruin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]