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Background: Ivermectin (IVM) is a broad–spectrum anthelmintic drug used to treat diseases caused by filarial worms, such as onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF). IVM is part of a triple–drug therapy used by the Mass Drug Administration (MDA) as a preventive strategy to eradicate LF in sub–Saharan Africa. The drug shows high variability in drug exposure in previous pharmacokinetic studies. This study aims to build a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model to identify and quantify the possible sources of the variability of IVM exposure after a single–oral dose in LF–infected subjects and healthy individuals. Methodology / Principal findings: In this analysis, 724 samples were collected from treatment–naïve Wuchereria bancrofti–infected (n = 32) and uninfected (n = 24) adults living in Côte d'Ivoire who had received one dose of IVM as a part of triple–drug therapy. PopPK analysis was conducted using Phoenix NLME 8.3 software. The Monte Carlo simulation based on the final model was performed to simulate drug exposure among different dosing groups (200 μg/kg, 18 mg, and 36 mg). A two–compartment model with zero–order dose input into the absorption compartment with a lag time function followed by first–order absorption and linear elimination best described the IVM's pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. The final model identifies that the PK parameters of IVM are not affected by LF infection. Sex was a significant covariate on the peripheral volume of distribution (Vp/F, 53% lower in men than in women). IVM drug exposure shows linear pharmacokinetic behavior among the simulated dosing groups with similar drug exposure based on sex. Conclusion/Significance: We have developed a PopPk model to describe and identify possible sources of the variability of IVM exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first PopPK study of IVM in patients with LF. Trial registration: NCT02845713; NCT03664063 Author summary: Ivermectin has been shown to be a valuable tool in mass drug administration campaigns against lymphatic filariasis. The drug shows high variability in drug exposure in previous pharmacokinetic studies. Variability in drug exposure can lead to either a higher exposure with the potential for toxic effects or a lower exposure that may result in treatment failure. Identifying and quantifying the source of high variability using non–linear mixed effects modeling is crucial for future dosing recommendations that seek to maximize therapeutic benefit while minimizing toxicity risks. In this study, the variability of IVM exposure after a single oral dose was investigated with a population pharmacokinetic model using data from Lymphatic filariasis infected subjects and healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]