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The objective of present study is estimation of the radioactivity held within the urinary bladder and kidneys 3 h post radiopharmaceutical (99mTc-MDP) administration, comparison being made via use of MIRDose. Using the conjugate-view method and built-in camera software Mediso XP Interview, urinary bladder and kidney radionuclide activities were calculated using patient clinical data acquired at the aforesaid 3 h post 99mTc-MDP injection juncture. The study was of a cohort of 40 patients attending for staging and cancer follow-up at the Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Care International Hospital (RCIH), Sudan, Ethical and Research Committee approval for the study having been obtained. The radioisotope biokinetics were simulated using the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) biokinetics model, specifically in regard to radionuclide activity in the kidneys and bladder. The results were compared with the data achieved via clinical study, showing the experimentally estimated radionuclide activity in the kidney to be greater by some 50% compared to that of simulation while the bladder radionuclide activity was found to be just 2% of the simulation result. The study also found that 0.9% of the administered radioactivity remained in the urinary bladder and kidneys 3 h post administration of the radionuclide, suggestive of low radiation dose to the urinary bladder and kidneys post 99mTc-MDP bone scans. • 99mTc-MDP radionuclide biokinetics were simulated using MIRD biokinetics model. • Radionuclide activities for Urinary bladder and kidney were calculated. • The experimentally estimated radionuclide activity in the kidney to be greater by some 50%. • 0.9% of the administered radioactivity remained in the urinary bladder and kidneys 3 h. • Low radiation dose to the urinary bladder and kidneys post 99mTc-MDP bone scans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computed tomography (CT) has become a prominent source of medical exposures, conduct requiring measures that mitigate radio carcinogenic risk and deterministic tissue reaction effects. The objective of present study, conducted in Sudan, has been to evaluate patient radiogenic risk during vascular CT procedures. Study was made of 485 patients, the cohort comprising 218 males (45%) and 267 females (55%) of mean age ± 1 s.d. of 48.2 ± 17 years (ranging from 18.0 to 93.0 years). The investigation involved nine radiology departments, covering three different CT modalities (16, 64 and 128 slice). Patient organ and effective doses were estimated using established computer software (specifically, CT-Expo, ImPACT and that of the NRPB). The range of patient dose in terms of dose length product (DLP) (mGy.cm) and volume CT dose index (CTDI vol (mGy) were 3.2–28.51 mGy and 257.0–9263.5, respectively. The mean and range of effective dose were 25.5 ± 18 mSv and 4.0–138.9 mSv respectively. The wide range of doses indicates the likelihood that patients have been receiving avoidable radiation exposure, their being potential for mitigation of cancer incidence risk through further optimisation of procedures. On the basis of present study of vascular CT procedure doses, the mean risk of carcinogenesis has been estimated to be 1 in 1000 procedures. • Patients radiation doses were evaluated during vascular CT procedures for various CT modalities. • Effective dose were estimated using computer software. • The wide range of observed patient doses indicates patients to have been receiving avoidable radiation exposure. • The mean risk of carcinogenesis has been estimated to be 1 in 1000 procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]