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Background. Since 2016 the City of Surabaya has assisted for the first 1000 days of an infant's life. The given mentoring aimed to reduce stunting and increase exclusive breastfeeding (EB) coverage. However, EB coverage has yet to be achieved. Objective. This study aimed to determine the effects of delayed onset of lactation, early initiation breastfeeding (EIBF), and frequency of antenatal care on exclusive breastfeeding in primipara mothers. Methods. The research design was cross-sectional, the number of samples was 131 out of 378 primipara mothers and lactating pregnant women selected by cluster random sampling. Chi-square and logistic regression analysis a=0.05. data was collected in April 2021. Results. The results showed that exclusive breastfeeding was associated with the onset of lactation and early initiation of breastfeeding (p-value = 0.022 and p-value = 0.014). EIBF and timely onset lactation had a greater chance of successful EB. Conclusion. EB and the timely onset of lactation are likely to determine the success of EB. Therefore, EIBF and lactation onset are enhanced for EB success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty reduction consists of various elements, one important element of society in poverty alleviation was faith based organizations such as the Inter-Church Deliberation Institute of Surabaya (BAMAG). The purpose of this study was to analyzed the activities and practices of servant leadership in BAMAG. The design of this study used a qualitative approach. The results explained that transformative and innovative servant leadership has not just to maintained and remained loyal to the social conscience and the organization of the BAMAG but also to developed together with its members the best service to the social community to reduce poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hang-out can trigger health risk behavior in adolescents. This qualitative study aimed to explore hang-out related to health risk behavior in adolescents. Method: Five focus groups were carried out with 44 adolescents aged 12-25 in Surabaya, Indonesia. Participants were purposively selected and had all experienced hang-out activities. A thematic analysis approach was used for analysis and data collection was completed at the point of data saturation. Results: Hang-out activities can encourage health risk behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, drugs use, sweet beverages and fast food consumption. They interpret hang-out as interaction, socialization, entertainment and leisure time. Conclusions: Adolescents who have free time will use it with hang-outas a form of self-expression. This has led to the culture of hang-out activity that can trigger health risk behavior. They spend time in places that they feel comfortable, the availability of the facilities they need and can show social classes among them. The government can formulate strategies to prevent health risk behavior in adolescents such as providing health promotion on prevention of health risk behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mental and social well-being in adolescents can be improved by organized activities in peer groups. This qualitative study aimed to explore organized activities in peer groupsrelated to mental and social well-being in adolescents. Method: Five focus groups were carried out with 30 adolescents aged 12-24 in Surabaya, Indonesia. Participants were purposively selected and had all experienced organized activities. A thematic approach was used for analysis and data collection was completed at the point of data saturation. Results: Four interconnected themes emerged from the data; (a) self-esteem and self-regulation, (b) resilience, hardiness and mental toughness, (c) social adjustment and (d) social support in organized activities. Adolescents who involve in sports, arts, and clubs have high confidence, easiness to control their emotion, stronger in facing various problems. They also felt more adapt, respect, tolerant of others and get social support. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that organized activities in peer groups improve mental and social well-being. Adolescents can have good self-esteem, self-regulation, resilience, hardiness and mental toughness. Adolescents also can have good social adjustment and social support. One of the efforts to prevent a mental and social problem is early recognition or detection in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the social impact of a community-based enterprise model in Surabaya City. The analysis focuses on grass-root communities and highlights some technical challenges in order to develop a meta-theory with the intention of examining the underlying assumptions of the social return on investment. The social impact analysis is based on a social return on investment (SROI) approach, which involves community participation through focus group discussions. To avoid complexity, this study focuses on one year's activities, which attributed monetary values to the social impact. It is argued in this study that the green and clean activities provide a return of 1.23 on the investment. This result demonstrates how the community-based social enterprise is feasible in achieving appropriate support. First, this study focuses on the community perspective during the observed time. The communities may experience different levels of capability and resources that contribute to the achievement of the programme. Secondly, there is a lack of literature that could provide financial analysis and there is no common accepted method for measuring the value of the social benefits. Beyond the SROI computation, this study highlights some technical challenges and misconceptions involved in measuring the social return on investment (SROI). Although there is considerable information available about the conceptual framework of SROI, there is great variability in how SROI is applied across interventions. This makes robust and consistent comparisons across social ventures difficult, while rendering the validity of SROI measures vulnerable to being contested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]