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ChatGPT has become a prominent tool for fostering personalized and interactive learning with the advancements in AI technology. This study analyzes 212 academic research articles indexed in the Scopus database as of July 2023. It maps the trajectory of educational studies on ChatGPT, identifying primary themes, influential authors, and contributing institutions. By employing bibliometric indicators and network analysis, the study explores collaboration patterns, citation trends, and the evolution of research interests. The findings show the exponential growth of interest in leveraging ChatGPT for educational purposes and provide insights into the specific educational domains and contexts that have garnered the most attention. Furthermore, the study reveals the collaborative dynamics and intellectual foundations shaping the field by examining co-authorship and citation networks. This bibliometric analysis contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the current state of ChatGPT research in education, offering researchers and practitioners valuable insights into evolving trends and potential future directions for this innovative aspect of AI and learning.

Problem Statement: Every society consists of individuals different in terms of physical, psychological, and sociocultural characteristics. Differentiation in today's societies has increased due to globalization, intensified immigration, advancements in communication technologies, and the recent increase in value of subcultures within the dominant culture. Consequently, human communities that maintain different characteristics together have brought about the concept of multicultural societies. Within these societies, teachers play the principle role in maintaining the multicultural environment and managing its processes. Since teachers' successful implementation of these tasks depends on their level of intercultural competence, today's teachers should develop their intercultural competence. Purpose of Study: The present study aims to determine the intercultural competence levels of preservice teachers from Switzerland and Turkey. Methods: A descriptive survey model was used as the chief research approach. The study sample comprised 185 preservice teachers, 84 of whom were from Switzerland and 101 of whom were from Turkey. Data were collected by means of the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire and a personal information form. Findings and Results: The intercultural competence levels of preservice teachers from Switzerland and Turkey were found to be middling. Preservice teachers perceived themselves to be the most competent in the dimension of "cultural empathy," which was followed by "openmindedness," "social initiative," "flexibility," and "emotional stability," respectively. The variable of preservice teachers' university showed significant difference regarding the self-perception of intercultural competence. By culture, results revealed that preservice teachers from Switzerland had higher intercultural competence than those from Turkey, though such competence did not show significant differences according to gender and department. Conclusions and Recommendations: The variable of nationality significant differed in preservice teachers' perceptions of intercultural competence. In Switzerland, whose preservice teachers' perceptions of such competence were higher, teacher training curricula include courses on multiculturalism and intercultural education, while in Turkey such courses are not offered even as electives. Understanding multiculturalism necessitates the renewal of preservice and in-service teacher training programs. Teacher training should align with international standards and topics, and include a systematic approach to promote intercultural competence.

There are new regulations regarding the holding of securities with distributed ledger technology and the recording of securities rights through distributed ledger technology. Securities are issued in dematerialized form and are held in the dematerialized system at the Central Registry Agency under Turkish law. In the event that securities are held with distributed ledger technology, evaluations of securities’ legal nature are discussed in our study. In our study, it is examined whether the securities to be held in the distributed ledger technology can be considered as negotiable instruments in the light of the regulation examples examined in the study. For this purpose, first of all, the features of distributed ledger technology and the ledger-based negotiable instruments regulations in Switzerland, Germany and Liechtenstein are examined; then, it is investigated whether the securities to be held in the distributed ledger technology will be considered as negotiable instruments, together with the problem of whether the securities are negotiable instruments or not today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/objective(s): Presalvage PSA is an important prognostic and a predictive factor for salvage radiotherapy (SRT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) post-prostatectomy. GC can independently prognosticate prostate cancer outcomes and may help individualize treatment intervention. Herein, we assessed the role of the GC in patients treated within a contemporary phase 3 trial.Materials/methods: The SAKK 09/10 trial (NCT01272050) is an open-label, multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial performed in 24 centers in Switzerland, Germany, and Belgium. Patients with biochemical progression (PSA > 0.1 to 2 ng/mL at randomization) were randomized to 64 Gy vs 70 Gy to the prostate bed. No patients received ADT or pelvic nodal radiotherapy. A pre-specified statistical plan was developed to assess the impact of the GC on clinical outcomes. GC score range is 0 to 1, with locked cut points of < 0.45, 0.45-0.6, > 0.6 for low, intermediate, and high, respectively. In this sub-analysis, the primary endpoint was freedom from biochemical progression (FFBP) according to PSA at randomization (≤0.5 vs > 0.5, a trial stratification variable). Cox multivariable analysis (MVA) adjusting for age, T-category, Gleason score, persistent PSA after RP, and randomization arm were performed. Secondary endpoints included clinical progression-free survival (CPFS) and time to salvage ADT.Results: Of 233 patients with tissue available, 1 was ineligible and 6 failed QC. The remaining 226 were included for analysis with a median follow-up of 6.3 years (IQR 6.0-7.2). High- vs. low/intermediate-GC had an HR of 2.22 (95% CI 1.37-3.58, P = 0.001) for FFBP, 2.29 (95% CI 1.32-3.98, P = 0.003) for CPFS, and 2.99 (95% CI 1.50-5.95, P = 0.002) for use of salvage ADT. In patients with PSA ≤0.5 ng/mL (165/226, 73%), the 5-year FFBP was 74% [95% CI 66-82] for low-intermediate GC compared to 59% [95% CI 43-74] in patients with high-GC. High-GC patients had 5-year FFBP of 13% [95% CI 0-32] when SRT was delivered at PSA > 0.5 ng/mL compared to 59% [95% CI 43-74] when PSA ≤0.5 ng/mL.Conclusion: In a contemporary phase 3 trial, patients with a high-GC were more than twice as likely than patients with low/intermediate-GC to experience biochemical and clinical progression and receive salvage ADT. High-GC patients who received SRT with PSA > 0.5 ng/mL had nearly 90% risk of recurrence by 5-years post-SRT. This data validates the clinical utility of the GC for tailoring treatment in the salvage setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]