1. Source apportionment of mass concentration and inhalation risk with long-term ambient PCDD/Fs measurements in an urban area.
- Author
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Ho, Chi-Chang, Chan, Chang-Chuan, Chio, Chia-Pin, Lai, Yi-Chieh, Chang-Chien, Guo-Ping, Chow, Judith C., Watson, John G., Chen, Lung-Wen A., Chen, Pau-Chung, and Wu, Chang-Fu
- Subjects
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AIR pollution measurement , *INHALATION injuries , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of air pollution , *POLYCHLORINATED dibenzodioxins , *POLYCHLORINATED dibenzofurans , *CANCER risk factors , *CITIES & towns & the environment - Abstract
This study applies a receptor model to quantify source contributions to ambient concentration of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and inhalation cancer risk in Taipei from 2003 through 2009. Seventeen PCDD/F congeners were used in the effective variance solution to the Chemical Mass Balance equations to estimate source-specific mass contributions and inhalation risks. The average total PCDD/F concentration was 0.611 pg/Nm 3 (0.036 pg I-TEQ/Nm 3 ). Traffic emissions contributed the most to the PCDD/F concentration (55.7%), followed by waste incinerators (18.6%) and joss stick burning (9.6%). For the inhalation cancer risk, the average was 1.1 × 10 −6 with traffic, waste incinerators, and joss paper burning as the main contributors (67.3%, 19.4%, and 6.3%, respectively). The mass and risk contributions of waste incinerators decreased significantly from 2003 to 2009 and were higher at downwind sites than at upwind sites. Reducing PCDD/F emissions from traffic and waste incinerators would provide the greatest health benefit. Policies that reduce the uncontrolled burning of joss stick and joss paper also need to be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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