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The slope area northeast of Taiwan Island in the southern East China Sea (ECS) is well known as a hotspot for both internal tides and internal solitary waves (ISWs) despite uncertainties regarding their specific source and generation mechanism. This study investigates the generation and evolution processes of internal tides and ISWs northeast of Taiwan Island in the southern ECS, based on a super-high-resolution and non-hydrostatic numerical simulation. ISWs create a complex spatial pattern in both satellite images and our simulation, with wave propagation in multiple directions, including onshore and offshore. These ISWs, with the largest amplitudes reaching ∼ 50 m, are mainly generated by two mechanisms: local tide-topography interactions and disintegration of internal tides remotely generated over I-Lan Ridge. Locally generated ISWs propagate in various directions owing to the complex topography, whereas ISWs generated by the disintegration of remote internal tides are more consistent in their pathways. Strong barotropic to baroclinic energy conversions occur over both Mien-Hua Canyon and North Mien-Hua Canyon. For the baroclinic tidal energy fluxes, the advection flux is comparable to the pressure-work term in shallow water, while the pressure-work flux dominates in deep water. The nonlinear energy flux terms in shallow water are more important for the supertidal than the tidal signals. The semidiurnal energy flux features a clockwise pattern over the double-canyon region, indicating the formation of partial standing waves. • ISW source and mechanism in the southern ECS are clarified by non-hydrostatic, super-high-resolution simulation. • ISWs originate from local tide-topography interactions and disintegration of internal tides from I-Lan Ridge. • Enhanced dissipation of internal tides occurs in Mien-Hua Canyon due to partial standing waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to analyze and improve the transient stability of an industrial combined heat and power (CHP) system in a high-tech science park in Taiwan. The CHP system installed two 161 kV/161 kV high-impendence transformers to connect with Taipower System (TPS) for both decreasing the short-circuit fault current and increasing the fault critical clearing time. The transient stabilities of three types of operation modes in CHP units, 3G1S, 2G1S, and 1G1S, are analyzed. Under the 3G1S operation mode, the system frequency is immediately restored to 60Hz after tie line tripping with the TPS.Under the 1G1S and 2G1S operation modes, the system frequencies will continuously decrease and eventually become unstable. A novel transient stability improvement approach using load shedding technique based on the change in frequency is proposed to improve the transient stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genetic polymorphism of HLA-A and HLA-B loci was investigated in 505 Chaoshanese using PCR-SSP method. Among the HLA-A alleles detected, A*11 (35.64%) was most frequent, followed by A*02 (31.78%). Of 34 HLA-B alleles tested, 30 were observed, in which B*60 (21.68%), B*46 (14.46%), and B*58 (10.69%) were highly predominant. Comparison was made with other nine Chinese Han ethnic groups covering the Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. The high frequent alleles found in Chaoshanese were also common in other Chinese groups compared though the frequency levels varied from group to group. The phylogenic tree analysis based on the HLA-A and -B allele frequencies of all the 10 Chinese ethnic groups revealed that Chaoshanese, while clustering in general with the southern China-related Han Chinese, had the highest affinity to the Mainland Minnanese, but separated distinctively from the northern Han Chinese. The study, however, was yet to confirm the hypothesis of the Central Plains Han origin of Chaoshanese. Interestingly, the alleles (B*46, B*38, and B*58) and the related haplotypes (A*02-B*46 and A*33-B*58) that are positively associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a disease prevailing predominantly among southern Chinese, were always at much higher frequencies among southern Chinese than among northern Chinese, whereas A*31 and B*13, the two alleles with highly protective effects for NPC, and the associated haplotype A*30-B*13 were predominantly high in northern Chinese. The different genetic background between northern and southern China may explain, at least partially, the prevalence of NPC among southern Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People of Chinese ethnicity are the largest population in the world. Critical care medicine in China is developing rapidly and has achieved great advances in recent 20 years. The research contribution in critical care medicine among Chinese individuals in the three major regions of China--Mainland (ML), Hong Kong (HK), and Taiwan (TW)--is unknown., Methods: Articles published in 18 journals on critical care medicine originating from ML, TW, and HK from 1999 to 2008 were retrieved from the PubMed database and Science Citation Index Expanded. Quantity and quality analyses were conducted for the total numbers of articles, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, impact factors (IF), citations, and articles published in high-impact journals., Results: There were 932 articles from ML (268), TW (506), and HK (158) from 1999 to 2008. The annual total numbers of articles of the three regions increased gradually from 1999 to 2008 (from 57 to 157). From 2002 onward, the number of articles published from ML exceeded that from HK, but TW still has the dominance in both annual and total number of articles published compared with ML and HK. The accumulated IF of articles from TW (1676.67) was higher than that from ML (708.25) and HK (449.51). TW had the highest average IF of 3.31 followed by HK of 2.85 and ML of 2.64. HK had the highest average citations of each article of 10.73, followed by TW of 6.74 and ML of 5.34. The Journal of Trauma was the most popular journal in the three regions., Conclusions: The total numbers of articles in China increased markedly from 1999 to 2008. TW published the most number of articles, clinical trials, and randomised controlled trials among the three regions. The Journal of Trauma was the most popular journal in the three regions.

Background: The past 20 yr have seen significant growth in China's role in the international community. This same growth and international presence is occurring in the field of anesthesiology. The research status in anesthesiology among Chinese individuals in the 3 major regions of China--mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan--is unknown. We analyzed articles published in peer-reviewed international anesthesiology journals cited by both PubMed and Science Citation Index from these 3 regions., Methods: Articles published in 21 journals in anesthesiology originating from mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong from 1999 to 2008 were retrieved from the PubMed database and the Science Citation Index. The number of total articles, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, impact factors, citations, and articles published in "high-impact" journals were tabulated to assess both the quantity and quality of research arising from China., Results: From 1999 to 2008 there were 721 articles published in high-impact anesthesiology journals from China, including 204 from mainland China, 317 from Taiwan, and 200 from Hong Kong. The number of articles published each year increased from 50 published in 1999 to 101 published in 2008. From 2005 onward, the number of articles published from mainland China exceeded that from Hong Kong and in 2008 mainland China exceeded Taiwan. The average impact factor of the articles was similar for mainland China (2.84), Taiwan (2.41), and Hong Kong (2.16). The total citations to articles from Taiwan (2376) exceeded citations to articles from mainland China (1143) and Hong Kong (1540). Anesthesia & Analgesia published more articles than any other journal from all 3 regions., Conclusion: The total number of articles from China published in highly cited anesthesiology journals increased markedly from 1999 to 2008, with articles from mainland China increasing substantially after 2004, whereas the number of publications from Hong Kong decreased. The average impact factor was similar for all 3 regions, ranging from 2.2 to 2.8. Anesthesia & Analgesia published more articles from Chinese authors from all 3 regions than any other journal.