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The main purpose of this research is to understand the status and relationship of the leadership competency of current elementary school principals and to explore its impact with different background variables, perception status, and differences. We used a questionnaire survey method to compile " the principal's leadership competency in elementary schools" for investigation. The principals of public elementary schools in the northern, central, southern, and eastern districts of Taiwan were taken as survey respondents. A total of 420 principals were selected as samples, and 340 valid questionnaires were collected. The response rate of valid questionnaires was 81%. A series of statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data collected. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Primary school principals show good leadership competency, (2) there are significant differences in principal's leadership competency among different background variables, and (3) the cultivation of principal's leadership competency can improve school management effectiveness through the participation and growth of the professional community. According to the conclusions, suggestions are provided as references for principals, the department of education, and future follow-up studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]