Search

This study uses an education in emergencies (EiE) lens and a scientometric approach to examine the educational research landscape during the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing 95,628 publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2020 to February 2023. It employed descriptive and network approaches to map growth trajectory, productivity, social structure, conceptual structure, and research methodologies used in the retrieved sources. The findings reveal a steady increase in publications on education and COVID-19 since the onset of the pandemic. However, the majority of productive countries and institutions are in the Global North, with limited representation from the Global South, except for China. English is the dominant language in publications, and funding agencies from English-speaking countries are the most active. The most frequently occurring keywords revolve around performativity, institutions, teaching methodologies, attitudes, and experiences, while keywords related to social justice are a peripheral focus. Publications mainly focus on technical and methodological aspects of education, such as online teaching and learning. Most productive journals represent a mix of foci and are not limited to distance learning. The extracted literature showcases diversity in research methodologies used. Future studies should use systematic reviews on narrow topics to evaluate the effects of the pandemic, inform decision-making, enhance education system resilience, and envision a more equitable education system. The study's contributions are notable for its unique EiE perspective, comprehensive scope, extensive data extraction, and meticulous examination of research design, effectively addressing limitations in bibliometric software.

During the Japanese colonial period, Taiwan had no dental school but had a medical school. This study explored the dental education and research activities in the medical school and special dentist qualification system in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period. This study analyzed the "related incidents and documents of dental education and research and dentist qualification system in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period" and explored the dental education and research activities in the medical school and special dentist qualification system in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period. In 1914, Taiwan Government Medical School hired Dr. Kaname Ansawa, the earliest dental teacher in Taiwan, to teach dental courses in the medical school. In 1918, the "Theory of Dentistry" was considered to be the first independent "Dentistry" subject in the medical school. In 1936, the Faculty of Medicine of Taipei Imperial University listed "Dentistry & Oral Surgery" as an independent graduation examination subject. For dentist qualification system, a qualified physician who had finished dental courses and training could apply for a dental specialty license to work as a dentist. Taiwan Government Medical School (Dentistry) Research Department was the earliest department involved in the teaching and research of dentistry in the medical school and was also an educational institution for cultivating dental practitioners in Taiwan. In the Japanese colonial period, although no dental school was established in Taiwan, there were rich dental education and research activities in the medical school and a special dentist qualification system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Japanese colonial period, Taiwan had a medical school education system for cultivating physicians, but did not have a dental school education system for cultivating "real" dentists. In this investigation, we collected and analyzed the historical documents related to dental education to study the development of dental education for medical students in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period. This study mainly analyzed the changes in the development of dental education for medical students in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period through the collection and sorting of relevant historical materials. During each stage of Taiwan's medical education system in the Japanese colonial period, the medical school offered compulsory dental courses for medical students, including theory and clinical practice of dentistry. Although there was no specific dental subject included in the graduation examination, evidence showed that the content of dentistry was covered by the subject of Surgery in the examination. Moreover, Taipei Imperial University established the Medical Faculty in 1936. Its curriculum increased the weight of dentistry and added the "Dentistry & Oral Surgery" as a graduation examination subject, indicating the importance of dental education for medical students in that period. In the Japanese colonial period, although there was no dental school for cultivating dentists in Taiwan, there was still dental education for medical students to let them understand the Dentistry and to enable them to become dental practitioners. This can be regarded as a workaround in the medical and healthcare policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Japanese colonial period, the Taipei Hospital had already provided complete dental services with a fixed price per treatment. This study tried to compare the differences in the prices of various dental treatments between the Japanese colonial period and today. This study used the "Dental Treatment Fees in the 27th Annual Report of Taipei Hospital (Taisho 12)" as the study materials to compare the differences in the prices of various dental treatments between the Japanese colonial period and today using the monthly salary of a novice elementary school teacher as an income benchmark. A hundred years ago, the Taipei Hospital had already provided the dental treatments such as scaling and endodontic, operative dentistry, prosthodontic, and orthodontic treatments. Of these treatment items, the prices for prosthodontic and orthodontic treatments were more expensive. After a century of development, the costs of scaling and operative dentistry treatments dropped, while the costs of endodontic, prosthodontic, and orthodontic treatments increased. During the Japanese colonial period, Taiwan's dental treatment technology had already had the forms of modern dentistry with several dental specialties. At that time, the costs of dental treatments are quite expensive. Today's dental treatment items are more detailed and diverse. The health insurance system provides Taiwanese people with convenient and cheap general dental treatments such as scaling and treatments related to operative dentistry, endodontics, periodontics, and oral surgery. However, the costs of prosthodontic and orthodontic treatments increase and have to be paid by the patients themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1906, there was a dental treatment room established in the department of surgery of Taipei Hospital to introduce modern dental services to Taiwan. It is undoubtedly the earliest hospital dentistry in Taiwan. This study tried to assess the dental manpower and treated dental diseases in Taipei Hospital, and hence to explore the appearance of Taiwan's early hospital dentistry. This study utilized the secondary data analysis to evaluate the dental manpower and treated dental diseases of dental outpatients in the 27th Annual Report of Taipei Hospital (Taisho 12th year or 1923). Our results found that there were 3 dentists and one dental technician in the dental department of Taipei Hospital in 1923. These 3 dentists totally treated 3 inpatients and 1759 outpatients with 4511 outpatient visits (1959 for male patients and 2552 for female patients) in that year. Dental caries and retained root were the two most common dental diseases in Japanese and Taiwanese dental outpatients, and followed in a descending order by missing tooth, pulp necrosis, and pulpitis for Japanese outpatients as well as pulpitis, suppurative periodontitis, and acute or chronic periodontitis for Taiwanese outpatients. We conclude that the dentistry of Taipei Hospital in 1923 does have a modern form of dentistry with 3 dentists and one dental technician. Its dental patients are mainly Japanese and minorly Taiwanese. Moreover, the treated dental diseases are mainly tooth diseases for Japanese outpatients and both tooth and periodontal diseases for Taiwanese outpatients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the economic conditions of female-headed households in Taiwan and compared them with those in the United States and Sweden in 2000. At the descriptive level, we investigated the socioeconomic backgrounds of the households, the rate of poverty, distributive effects of public and private transfers, and Gini coefficients at each stage of income distribution. We then conducted logistic regression analyses of the poverty rate at the last stage of income distribution. The major finding was that within the context of a small welfare state, Taiwan had the lowest poverty rate before transfers and the second lowest poverty rate after transfers of the three countries we studied. Moreover, at the last stage of income distribution, only two independent variables (education and work status of the household head) affected the poverty rate. We conclude that Taiwan, as one of the developmental welfare regimes in Asia, had created a different way of enhancing the economic wellbeing of female-headed households in the past, compared with the other two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand risks are critical for the involvement of private sector participants in High-Speed Rail (HSR) operations. This study examines specific cases of the organizational characteristics of HSR operators that have successfully managed demand risks. By examining the successful operational performance of vertically integrated private HSR operators in Japan and Taiwan, and the influence of government regulations in enabling such successes, the study aims to provide a discussion on the appropriate balance between the risk and control sharing by public authorities and private HSR operators. In our analysis, continuous improvement in the quality of services is identified as a rational strategy for sustaining passenger business. Crucial factors have been identified by examining the application of a continuous improvement strategy in a delay-management system utilized by one of the private HSR operators in Japan. Our study highlights the importance of actions such as integrated operations and maintenance management towards continuous service improvement. Moreover, the effectiveness of these actions is identified to be enabled by management factors such as financial management. The discussion reveals how government regulations can influence the corporate governance of a private HSR operator and potentially restrict the efficiency of service improvement strategies. The importance of institutional factors reemphasizes the need to learn from the experiences of existing HSR projects and to find applications for developing countries expecting a similar HSR operating environment. The findings suggest that the independent corporate-governance for private HSR operators should be considered thoroughly by public actors that contemplate any risk-sharing arrangement with the private sector. • Consideration for functional-bundling is essential for risk-sharing in railway PPPs. • Technical innovation and human capacity are the pillars of service quality. • Intra-organizational coordination supports continuous service quality improvement. • Government regulation affects the private operator's effort for service improvement. • While sharing risks railway operators' corporate governance should be independent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nursing's recent progress in fostering better health around the world has been impressive. This progress is due, at least in part, to the higher levels of education nurses are receiving today. However, the goal of developing a stable nursing workforce remains elusive worldwide, due to career progression challenges related to nurse recruitment, education, retention, and promotion. This article provides an overview of existing career pathways in nursing in three Asian countries: Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand. For each country, a brief presentation of the development of nursing is followed by a review of admission requirements for education programs, and a description of available career pathways, including the routes and types of licensure for general and advanced nursing practice. The article concludes with a discussion of issues and challenges common to all three countries, specifically the identity of the nursing profession, limited faculty resources, English language barriers, transitioning of nursing education, and the provision of culturally competent care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]