1. Toxicity assessment of electrochemical advanced oxidation process-treated groundwater from a gas station with petrochemical contamination.
- Author
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Chao, How-Ran, Que, Danielle E., Aquino, Alisha C., Gou, Yan-You, Tayo, Lemmuel L., Lin, Yi-Hsien, Tsai, Ming-Hsien, Hsu, Fu-Lin, Lu, I-Cheng, Lin, Sheng-Lun, Srikhao, Natwat, Shy, Cherng-Gueih, and Huang, Kuo-Lin more...
- Subjects
ORGANIC water pollutants ,BUTYL methyl ether ,SERVICE stations ,GROUNDWATER ,PETROLEUM chemicals ,GROUNDWATER purification ,ADENOSINE triphosphate ,TOLUENE - Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is known for its efficient and fast degradation of organic pollutants in polluted water treatment. In this study, the EAOP using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode was applied to treat two-season groundwater samples collected from four sampling wells (GS1 to GS4) with petrochemical contaminants including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, total organic compounds (TOC), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) at a gas station in southern Taiwan. Moreover, toxicity tests (ATP, p53, and NF-κB bioassays) were performed to evaluate the biological responses of raw and EAOP-treated groundwater. Results show that the concentrations of chlorobenzene before and after EAOP treatment were all below its method detection limit. High degradation efficiencies were observed for MTBE (100%), benzene (100%), toluene (100%, except that of GS2 in the first season), TPH (94–97%, except that of GS4 in the first season), and TOC (85–99%). Cell viability for both the raw groundwater (81.2 ± 13.5%) and EAOP-treated samples (84.7 ± 11.7%) as detected using the ATP bioassay showed no significant difference (p = 0.715). A mean reduction in the DNA damage (739 to 165 ng DOX-equivalency L
−1 (ng DOX-EQ. L−1 )) and inflammatory response levels (460 to 157 ng TNFα-equivalency L−1 (ng TNFα-EQ. L−1 )) were observed for EAOP-treated samples subjected to p53 and NF-κB bioassays. Overall, the significances of the average degradation efficiency, DNA damage, and inflammatory response before and after groundwater with EAOP treatment was observed to be significant (p < 0.05). p53 and NF-κB bioassays might be applied to assess ecotoxic risk in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2020
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