1. Does the survivorship of activated resting stages in toxic environments provide cues for ballast water treatment?
- Author
-
Alekseev V, Makrushin A, and Hwang JS
- Subjects
- Animals, Bryozoa embryology, Bryozoa growth & development, Bryozoa physiology, Crustacea embryology, Crustacea growth & development, Crustacea physiology, Hydrogen Peroxide toxicity, Metals toxicity, Molecular Weight, Oceans and Seas, Organic Chemicals toxicity, Porifera embryology, Porifera growth & development, Porifera physiology, Rivers, Survival Rate, Taiwan, Water Pollution adverse effects, Water Pollution analysis, Water Purification standards, Bryozoa drug effects, Crustacea drug effects, Porifera drug effects, Ships, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity, Water Pollution prevention & control, Water Purification methods
- Abstract
The toxic effects of three inorganic metals (Cu, Cr, Hg), three organic (phenol, formalin, ammonium) chemicals, ozone-enriched water and peroxides (H2O2) on embryonic development were tested in 8 species from the Porifera, Bryozoa and Crustacea. Toxicants with lower molecular weight showed stronger negative impacts on post-diapause embryos than chemicals with higher molecular weight if related to the toxicity of the chemicals to active adult stages. Only few embryos of the cladoceran Moina macrocopa and none of the cladoceran Wlassicsia pannonica treated with peroxides at concentration 0.3% developed further. Ozone-enriched water had no significant effect on post-diapause embryonic development in cladocerans. Ammonium (the product of NH4OH dissociation) in concentration 100 mg/l and higher killed all embryos of M. macrocopa inside protective membranes. Peroxides and ammonium are suggested for the purification of ship ballast waters as effective, non-expensive and non-persistent toxic chemicals. Resting stages of invertebrates including at least Crustaceans, Porifera and Bryozoa seem to allow not only dispersal among toxic industrial environments such as ship ballast compartments, but may also endure serious pollution events common in seaports and estuaries. Artemia cysts due to their strong protection against different toxic substances are recommended as a model for studies of toxic effects in diapausing stages in polluted estuaries and marine environments., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF