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The identification of potential adopters has a vital role in developing renewable energies. Photovoltaic systems, as a clean power generation technology, provide a great potential advantageous for the environment and especially for families. This study aims to evaluate those factors which affect adoption of photovoltaic systems by taking into consideration Tehran's unique circumstances, air pollution and high-density of population, low price of energy and governmental financial supports. Moreover, families who are more likely to adopt these systems are identified. For this purpose, we employed a binary logistic regression model to analyze the adoption probability. The empirical results suggest that low and moderate-income level homeowners who live in low-rise multi-unit residential buildings have more tendency towards photovoltaic systems. In general income shows a negative impact on adoption. Environmental concerns, knowledge of renewable energies, innovativeness and number of households, either of these factors positively increases the probability of adoption individually. Results of this study help policy-makers and renewable energy marketers to make energy-related decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The abdominal sacrocolpopexy is the gold standard method of vaginal prolapse correction and posterior intra- vaginal slingplasty (posterior IVS) is a newer procedure with minimal invasion. This study is going to compare the effectiveness and complications of these two surgical methods. Methods: In this study, 51 patients with prolapse admitted to vali-e-asr Hospital of Tehran University of medical science were evaluated during years 2001-2004. 26 patients were operated by posterior IVS method (the first group) and 25 of them had undertaken sacrocolpo-pexy (the second group). Data were primarily gathered from patients' folder and further complimentary information were achieved by two years follow-up and inviting patients to interview or exam. Results: Eighty percent of women with abdominal sacrocolpopexy were cured compared to 96.2 percent with posterior IVS. Surgery complications was reported in one patient (4%) of second group while none of patients in first group experience this and the difference was not statistically meaningful. Short-term post surgical complications (hemorrhage-perforation fever and abdominal distention) were also negative in first group (posterior intra vaginal slingplasty) but these problems such as fever and abdominal distention were positive in 36% of second group (abdominal sacrocolpopexy) which was evidently statistically meaningful (p=0.001). Long- term post surgical complication (tape and mesh disfunction) were seen in 7.7% of first group while none of second group patients showed these complications. Conclusion: According to shorter operating time, lower complications and efficient response to therapy in posterior IVS method, it can be an alternative in prolapse surgery it is preferred in elderly patients with medical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]