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Evaluating and ranking schools are noteworthy for parents of students and upstream institutions (in Iran, the Ministry of Education). In this process, quantitative criteria, including educational activities, human resources, space and equipment, and administrative-financial indicators, are commonly investigated. This process is carried out only by the upstream institutions and the view of the system from the perspective of another stakeholder, namely, the students' parents, are ignored and qualitative-judgmental indicators do not involve the school evaluation results. Consequently, in this study, we used the opinions of five parents of students and five experienced school administrators to capture the perspectives of both key system stakeholders. In addition, to perform a more comprehensive analysis, we added three qualitative criteria that are less noticed within the problem (social environment, health, and students), along with their sub-criteria to the criteria obtained from the research background. We eliminated the less influential sub-criteria using the Delphi technique and continued the study with 10 criteria and 53 sub-criteria. Then, using two widely used methods in this field, AHP and TOPSIS, we determined the weight of the sub-criteria and the ranking based on the experts' views. In addition, to deal with the ambiguity in experts' judgments, we transformed the crisp data into fuzzy data. We applied the proposed methodology to rank 15 schools in Tehran, Iran. The results showed that the proposed quantitative criteria significantly impact the schools ranking. In addition, according to the sensitivity analysis results, it was found that ignoring the views of the system from another stakeholder can distort the results. Finally, directions for future research were suggested based on current research limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, environmental policymaking based on sustainable development was evaluated in Tehran to increase the penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. First, different aspects of sustainable development, including the environmental, economic, social, and technical aspects of Tehran's vehicles from 2002 to 2018, were examined through the extended sustainable development model. The model documented the unsustainability of the development of vehicles in Tehran, the main reason for which could be the current air pollution in this city. Following this, based on the principle of sustainable development, some policy indices for the development of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle penetration were introduced and ranked using the fuzzy TOPSIS method, which ranked in the point of view of two players, namely buyers of vehicles and the state. Finally, to find the appropriate policy index, using the game theory method and taking the vehicle buyer and the state as the players, the Nash equilibrium point was defined as an appropriate policy for the development of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Thus, using the data obtained, the number of these vehicles for the year 2032 was estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess and locate the potential for solar power plants (SPP) by utilizing TOPSIS decision analysis and based Fuzzy-Boolean logic based on GIS in Tehran province, Iran. GIS was used as a robust tool for data processing to gather practical and necessary information for effective resources and facilities. Through the multicriteria decision-making method (MCDM), alternative sites were identified and prioritized. The fuzzy logic method was employed to evaluate regions and generate thematic maps, revealing that approximately 95% (14,350 km2) of the region's area was unsuitable for constructing a power plant, while 5% (741 km2) was suitable. From the suitable areas, nine locations were selected for photovoltaic plant construction, totaling 22 km2, occupying 0.15% of the province's total area. Fuzzy TOPSIS was then used to prioritize the alternatives, resulting in the selection of Ghiyeh Naserieh in the southern part of the province as the preferred location for the power generation unit. • Thematic maps that precisely located the solar power plant sites were produced using Fuzzy Logic and ArcGIS. • In this study, the location criteria were divided into five classes and 25 subclasses. • TOPSIS calculates distance between alternative sites and the best one, and it chooses the alternative that comes the closest to the ideal. • Nine regions, totaling 2222 k m 2 , or 0.15% of the region's total area, were selected as a best sites for power plant construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to select the best zones to add new emergency services in the non-disaster case or earthquake disaster based on a combination of fuzzy decision making techniques including TOPSIS and AHP methods. A novel algorithm for the optimum location of EMS is proposed to optimize service response time to the people, to fulfill the needs of victims and rescue teams in non-disaster case or after a possible disaster. Two new MADM models with different crisp and fuzzy criteria are introduced for ranking the 22 zones of Tehran city in these cases. Considered criteria for the non-disaster case are zone population, zone traffic, number of people per emergencies and number of serious accidents in each zone while considered criteria in the case of an earthquake disaster are zone population, proximity to a major fault lines and texture of regional construction. The results show that the proposed fuzzy decision making system successfully determines the best locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Block diagram of SD based policy making. • In the present article, regarding the concept of sustainable development (SD), the sustainability of Electric Vehicles (EVs) development in Tehran is evaluated. • This paper expends the conventional definition of sustainable development based on a broad philosophy of harmonizing and prioritizing key aspects of human, nature, and systems performances. • In the new proposed philosophy of this paper, the emphasis is placed on the aspects of development (Nature, Human, System), their balance and priority. • Then, using a proposed model (NHS), the sustainability of vehicle development in Tehran from the past to the present is evaluated. • The results show that this development based on the new proposed SD model has been sustainable from 2010 to 2012. • But it has been unstable in 2002–2010 and 2012-2018. • Then, according to the most critical aspects of SD, some policy scenarios for the development of EV penetration are introduced. • In the proposed method, the closeness coefficient of each policy scenarios calculated utilizing fuzzy TOPSIS and the various policies affecting the development of EVs in Tehran ranked. • According to selected policy, a new concept is proposed called Time-Space Load Shifting (TSLS) which is done by EVs. • This concept will modify the instability from 2018. • Sustainable Development. • Electric Vehicles. • Fuzzy TOPSIS. • Time-Space Load Shifting. In the present article, regarding the concept of sustainable development (SD), the sustainability of Electric Vehicles (EVs) development in Tehran is evaluated. This paper expends the conventional definition of sustainable development based on a broad philosophy of harmonizing and prioritizing key aspects of human, nature, and systems performances. In the new proposed philosophy of this paper, the emphasis is placed on the aspects of development (Nature, Human, System), their balance, and priority. Then, using a proposed model (NHS), the sustainability of vehicle development in Tehran from the past to the present is evaluated. The results show that this development based on the new proposed SD model has been sustainable from 2010 to 2012. But it has been unstable in 2002–2010 and 2012-2018. Then, according to the most critical aspects of SD, some policy scenarios for the development of EV penetration are introduced. In the proposed method, the closeness coefficient of each policy scenario calculated utilizing fuzzy TOPSIS and the various policies affecting the development of EVs in Tehran ranked. According to the selected policy, a new concept is proposed called Time-Space Load Shifting (TSLS) which is done by EVs. This concept will modify the instability from 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]