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In this work, we investigate a class of elliptic inverse problems and aim to simultaneously recover multiple inhomogeneous inclusions arising from two different physical parameters, using very limited boundary Cauchy data collected only at one or two measurement events. We propose a new fast, stable, and highly parallelable direct sampling method (DSM) for the simultaneous reconstruction process. Two groups of probing and index functions are constructed, and their desired properties are analyzed. In order to identify and decouple the multiple inhomogeneous inclusions of different physical nature, we introduce a new concept of mutually almost orthogonality property that generalizes the important concept of almost orthogonality property in classical DSMs for inhomogeneous inclusions of same physical nature in [SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 37 (2015), pp. A1658-A1684; Inverse Problems, 30 (2014), 095003; SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 40 (2018), pp. A2720-A2748; Inverse Problems, 28 (2012), 025003; Inverse Probl. Imaging, 7 (2013), pp. 757-775]. With the help of this new concept, we develop a reliable strategy to distinguish two different types of inhomogeneous inclusions with noisy data collected at one or two measurement events. We further improve the decoupling effect by choosing an appropriate boundary influx. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]