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This study is grounded on the propositions of Kaleckian–Post-Keynesian​ macroeconomic framework to explore the dynamic impacts of SME (Small and Medium Enterprise) stock market development and innovation on key macroeconomic variables in Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia. For the reported empirical analysis, a Structural Vector Error Correction (SVEC) model and an impulse response function (IRF) were adopted. The evidence shows that SME stock market development and/or innovation have small but positive impacts on short-run economic stimulation. The SME stock market development promotes economic growth through the combination of the following channels: private investment, savings and productivity in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand. Innovation, on the other hand, fosters growth through the combination of these channels and the employment channel in all four countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the evolving efficiency and the joint effects of thin trading, structural breaks and inflation on dual long memory in Small and Medium Enterprise stock markets in Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia. The state‐space GARCH‐M, ARFIMA‐FIGARCH, ARFIMA‐FIAPARCH and ARFIMA‐HYGARCH models are adopted. The results determine that the Hong Kong and Singapore markets exhibit potential tendencies towards efficiency, implying the efficacy of several institutional reforms. The three aforementioned factors jointly have reducing effects on the magnitude and/or statistical significance of long‐memory estimates. The Thailand and Malaysia markets show a smaller degree of volatility persistence, indicating a good hedge for portfolio risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis, an often fatal disease in tropical countries. Burkholderia thailandensis is a non-virulent but closely related species. Both species are soil saprophytes but are almost never isolated together., Results: We identified two mechanisms by which B. pseudomallei affects the growth of B. thailandensis. First, we found that six different isolates of B. pseudomallei inhibited the growth of B. thailandensis on LB agar plates. Second, our results indicated that 55% of isolated strains of B. pseudomallei produced a secreted compound that inhibited the motility but not the viability of B. thailandensis. Analysis showed that the active compound was a pH-sensitive and heat-labile compound, likely a protein, which may affect flagella processing or facilitate their degradation. Analysis of bacterial sequence types (STs) demonstrated an association between this and motility inhibition. The active compound was produced from B. pseudomallei during the stationary growth phase., Conclusion: Taken together, our results indicate that B. pseudomallei inhibits both the growth and motility of its close relative B. thailandensis. The latter phenomenon appears to occur via a previously unreported mechanism involving flagellar processing or degradation.