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Industrial park is an important emission sector of PM2.5 pollution. Previous studies have provided valuable information on the impact of PM2.5 from industrial parks on human health, but relevant studies at city scale are limited. In this study, the health burden of industrial parks was evaluated based on PM2.5-related premature deaths and economic contributions. The premature deaths were calculated in terms of a novel research model by integrating the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) model, weighted concentration-weighted trajectory (WCWT), and integrated exposure-response function (IER). Take Tianjin City for example, it was found that since the main diffusion direction of PM2.5 in Tianjin is from south to north, the industrial parks in the south of Tianjin and close to the central city with high population density have high health burden. These industrial parks need to be focused on or even relocated in the future. The research model can provide scientific basis for the health burden evaluation of industrial parks at city scale, so as to help local governments optimize the layout of industrial parks and formulate environmental responsibility management policies for industrial parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To continuously improve air quality, it is necessary to carry out fine management of air pollution prevention and control. However, research into regional transport of PM 2.5 at a smaller spatial scale such as district is limited. In this study, a novel combined method was constructed to simulate and identify the regional transport trajectories and potential sources of PM 2.5 concentrations at district scale, based on a hybrid model that integrates the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) model, Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) and backward trajectory model. Take Tianjin as an example, an analysis of the transport trajectories showed that the air masses from northwest and southwest were the dominant atmospheric transport pathway in all seasons except summer. The number of transport trajectories from northwest and southwest accounted for 42.41% and 40.75% of the total number of transport trajectories. Despite the dominant wind direction in winter was northwest, it can be beneficial to atmospheric transport. This was because northwest trajectories were the long-range pathways, corresponding to fast-moving air masses that facilitate the dispersion of pollutants. On contrast, it is noteworthy that the southwest trajectories were the short-range pathways, resulting in limited diffusion and unfavorable conditions. The major potential cities that were likely contributors of PM 2.5 (Weighted Concentration-Weighted Trajectory (WCWT) values greater than 40 μg m−3) were situated in the southwest. Furthermore, the inter-district transport results indicated that the primary direction of PM 2.5 transport in Tianjin was also from south to north. It is critical that the current layout of Tianjin is adjusted in a timely manner through relocating or phasing out, as the majority of industrial enterprises with severe air pollution in Tianjin are located in the southern districts. This method of combining BME, WRF and backward trajectory can be used for atmospheric environment planning in other similar city and district-scale around the world. It also provides useful insights to policy makers when they formulate pollutants prevention control policies. [Display omitted] • BME-WRF-WCWT model was constructed to simulate sources of PM 2.5 at district scale. • Main transport direction of PM 2.5 without and within Tianjin was from south to north. • Non-local pollution emission has a more significant impact at small district scale. • The industrial layout is adjusted in a timely manner based on transport results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black carbon (BC) produced by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials and biomass has become a major factor affecting global climate change and adversely affects health. Based on the ground-measured data and MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2) reanalysis data, BC's pollution characteristics and the health risks caused by BC exposure were investigated in Tianjin, China. The results showed that the highest BC concentration occurred in winter, and the annual average concentration of BC on weekends was higher than that on weekdays in winter. The hourly average monitoring concentration variations of BC in four seasons all had two peaks that appeared 6:00–8:00 and 22:00–2:00. For MERRA-2 reanalysis data, there was one peak appeared during 5:00–7:00 in four seasons. The lowest values appeared during 14:00–16:00 for both ground-measured data and MERRA-2. The relationships between BC concentration and meteorological factors showed that wind speed and temperature inversion played important roles in the atmospheric BC diffusion. The wind directions of southwest, southeast, and north were closely associated with BC in 2019. The Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) results showed that the southwestern area of Tianjin, especially the southern Hebei, northern Henan and Beijing, would be the potential source areas of Tianjin BC in 2019. The cancer risks of adults and children caused by BC exposure in Tianjin were higher than the risk levels (1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4) recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) in 2019, resulting in more than 3.78 cases of cancer per 10,000 adults (3.78 × 10−4), and more than 1.55 cases of cancer per 10,000 children (1.55 × 10−4), respectively. The relative risk (RR) of BC exposure on mortality showed the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. Compared with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality caused by the BC showed the highest risk. • The temporal-spatial variations of BC in Tianjin in 2019 were analyzed. • The relationships of meteorological factors and BC were analyzed. • The potential source areas of BC in Tianjin were identified using PSCF method. • The health risks due to BC exposure in Tianjin were assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]