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The trainee physicians who joined our group start their training of Neurology 3rd or 4th years after the graduation. The 1st goal is to pass the board exam of internal medicine and then the board exam of neurology. The neurology training course is operated in the University and affiliated hospitals in a combined manner for 3 to 4 years because the training period require at least 3 years for the internal medicine and 6 years for the neurology exams. During the training in the University, there are 3 full-time training periods for neurophysiology, neuroradiology and neuropathology. Each training period is 2 to 3 months. Clinical neurology is trained mainly in ward as a member of a team composed of an assistant professor, a trainee physician (resident), a junior resident and a student. Around the neurology board exam, those interested in research enter the Graduate School and study for Ph.D. In these 10 years, many members of our department have become professors in neurology, rehabilitation and basic medicine, directors in research institutes, owners or practitioners of clinics, and so on. We will continue to provide a top-level training of neurology following our mission that we contribute peoples' happiness through neurology.

The training as neurologist in Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University has mainly been performed through 3rd to 5th year after the graduation. It includes training for neurophysiology, neuroradiology and neuropathology as well as clinical neurology. Neurophysiology training has the separate 3 months course where trainee residents study exclusively neurophysiology but neuroradiology and neuropathology were learned during training for clinical neurology in general. The major problem of our training program is that the quota is so small to prepare enough trainee's positions. This appears also true in many institutes in Japan according to a questionnaire survey by this workshop. The number of neurology staff should be increased to accomplish better training for Neurology in each institute. The Japanese Society of Neurology should support this effort in each institute.