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Flood is a type of disaster that occurs as a result of the overflow of the stream outside its bed. Similarly to many parts of the globe, particularly the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey is frequently exposed to major floods. The heavy rainfall and topographic structure of the region and the proximity of settlements to stream beds are the primary causes of flooding. The present study pertains to the utilization of the Logistic Regression (LR), M5P Rule Tree (M5PRT) and M5P Regression Tree (M5PRGT) models for the assessment of the flood hazard areas in and around the Of district, located on the Black Sea coast of Trabzon province. According to flood inventory, 16 flood events occurred in 5 different locations in the study area. These areas were converted into point data, and comprising a total of 1600 points, 800 flooded and 800 non-flooded, were determined by random sampling. Accordingly, flood hazard maps were created with 8 flood parameters and 3 different methods. Accuracies of these models were evaluated through AUC (Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve), ACC (Accuracy), R (Recall), P (Precision) and F (F-Score). Analyses showed that the Tree-Based Algorithms are more successful than the LR method in detecting the flood hazards. In addition, the altitude and precipitation were found out to be the most influential parameters in all 3 methods on the occurrence of flooding events in the region. The confluence points of the streams, the coastal plain where the stream disembogues to the sea and the valley floors in and around the Of district were designated as the areas with high risk of flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Second homes are typically located in rural settlements on the peripheries of metropolises and in areas where the tourism sector develops, which are mainly in coastal, forested, mountainous, and amenity-rich areas. Motivations for having a second home include investment, outdoor recreation, and connection with nature. However, in the Eastern Black Sea Region (EBSR), second homes appear to follow a different pattern in that, families who migrated to metropolises or abroad tend to have second homes in their native villages. The aim of this study was to gain insights into this unique type of second home investment, which has shown an increasing trend. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with second home owners or users in two selected districts within the EBSR, and the results were summarised in terms of the characteristics of the respondents, motives for having a second home, satisfaction with the investment, evaluation of their second home villages, and characteristics of the native second home and parcel. Six villages located in the Maçka and Çaykara districts of Trabzon Province were selected as the study area. Although the second homes in the EBSR had some similarities with the prevailing type of second home, they differed in many respects. The findings of this study will likely improve the knowledge base that can be drawn upon for housing policies and planning in rural settlements. • NSHs differ in many ways from common second homes of non-natives. • Motives for having NSHs, satisfaction levels, and NSH characteristics were explored. • NSHs are multi-family apartment housing units with a single or multi-storey design. • NSH owners have attachment to villages, viewing them as part of their identity. • NSHs are seen as places for living, vacation, and assurance against crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protected areas are areas where educational and recreational use of natural and cultural areas with special precaution is provided where educational activities and scientific research are carried out, genetic diversity and species are kept, cultural, traditional, symbolic natural resources are avoided and sustainable from damaging effects. Recreation is, as a definition, expressed as activities that people make with their own will in their free time in order to restore old weariness of soul and body health. In this study, the protected areas in the provinces of Artvin, Giresun, Gümüşhane, Rize and Trabzon in Eastern Black Sea Region were selected as material. It is aimed to determine and compare visitor numbers between 2010-2017 in these areas. The visitor numbers of provinces were compared using one way ANOVA. As of 2018, there are 3 protected areas in Artvin, 5 in Gümüşhane, 8 in Trabzon, 6 in Rize and 4 in Giresun as recreational use. Total protected areas within the boundaries of the regional directorate are 450,411 in 2010, 555,678 in 2011, 973,391 in 2012, 1,936,608 in 2013, 1,601,913 in 2014, 1,458,617 in 2015, 1,558,290 in 2016, and finally 1,911,429 in 2017 people visited the site. As a result, visitor numbers have increased in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 and there has been no decrease in 2014 and 2015. In 2016 and 2017, the number of visitors has increased again. The largest number of visitors was registered in 2013, and the least number of visitors was registered in 2010. The most visited province was Trabzon while the least visited was in Giresun province. It can be said that as the number of visitors increases with the number of years, it is important that the number of declared protected areas increase, the protected areas become more capable of providing quality services, and the recreation needs of people increase gradually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new species of Olopachys are described from Trabzon and Artvin Provinces, Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Two of the species O. digitus sp. nov. and O. semicirculus sp.nov. are described based on the females and males. Males of both species have a characteristic spermatodactyl with a distinct modified process at the base. A new species O. crescentus sp. nov. is described based on the females only. Females of O. crescentus have uniquely modified tubes of the sperm access system which differ from all its congeners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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