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Abstract: Assessment of human exposure to environmental persistent organic pollutants such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on the levels in human breast milk provides a reasonable tool not only to assess the contaminant burden in mothers but also to assess potential exposure of breast-fed neonates. There are limited data on levels of PCBs and OCPs in humans but no previous reports from Turkey on chemically determined levels PAHs in human milk. The aim of this study was to report the levels and accumulation profiles of OCPs, PCBs and PAHs in 47 breast milk samples obtained from a Mediterranean city, Mersin. High resolution analyses were performed by a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC–MS). Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (4.4′-DDE) was the dominant pollutant. Beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (ß-HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4.4′-DDT), dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, oxy-chlordane, cis-heptachlorepoxide were the other main OCPs detected. Mean levels of ΣPCB congeners and WHOPCB-TEQ were 9.94 and 0.001ng/g lipid, respectively. PCB 153 showed the highest concentration (3.37ng/g lipid), followed by PCB 138 and 180. For the dioxin-like PCBs, PCB 118 was the dominant (0.97ng/g lipid). Naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene were the major PAHs among the 16 PAHs detected. The estimated daily intakes of DDTs, PCBs, HCHs and HCB were not exceeded the tolerable daily intake (TDI) proposed by the Health Canada Guideline. These results indicate that the neonates of Mersin city are exposed to persistent organic pollutants analyzed in this study. However, neonates born in Mersin province are less exposed than the ones born in other regions, considering OCP and PCB levels in breast milk. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this study, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyles (PCBs) levels were determined in 100 human milk samples from the city of Antalya. The levels of seven major PCB congeners; 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180 and nine OCPs, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, HCB, heptachlor epoxide, p.p ′-DDT, p,p ′-DDE, endosulfan-α and endosulfan-β were determined by gas chromatography with ECD detection. The levels of analyzed compounds were as follows: ΣPCBs 27.46 ± 11.58, ΣDDT 1,407 ± 123, and ΣBHC 160 ± 490 ng/g lipid wt.basis. PCB 153 and p,p ′-DDE were the dominant contaminants. The results have been discussed and compared with similar studies from other regions of Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aflatoxins (AFs) are important risks for human health due to their widespread presence in foods and environment. However, contamination risk of breast milk with different pollutants including AFs is high in today’s life conditions. Since breast milk is a major nutrient for infants, feeding of infants with safe milk is essential. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the levels of AF M1 and B1 in breast milk samples collected from 75 mothers in Ankara, Turkey. AF M1 and B1 levels were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector following an extraction procedure. The limit of detection was found to be 5ng/l. Both AFs were detected in diverse degrees in all breast milk samples: The level of AF M1 were in the ranges of 60.90–299.99ng/l, and AF B1 were in the ranges of 94.50–4123.80ng/l. These results pointed out the exposure of mothers and neonates to AF M1 and B1, and the necessity of further research on mycotoxin contamination both in foods and biological fluids as well as protection strategies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Human breast milk offers the optimal nutrition for all infants and have been widely used in biomonitoring programs to assess human exposure to lipophylic environmental contaminants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). There are no previous reports from Turkey on chemically determined levels of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in human breast milk expressed as World Health Organization (WHO) toxic equivalents (TEQ). To get an overview of the levels of these contaminants in Turkish human milk, samples from 51 Turkish women living in the Ankara, İstanbul, Antalya, Kahramanmaraş, and Afyon provinces were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) throughout 2007. The mean concentrations of WHOPCDD/F-TEQ and WHOPCB-TEQ of all samples from the five regions were 7.5 and 3.1pgg−1 on a lipid basis, respectively. PCDD/F concentrations ranged between 0.78 and 29.3pg WHO-TEQ g−1 fat (1.7 and 36.2pg WHO-TEQ g−1 fat, respectively, including PCB). Of the five studied locations, the lowest levels of ∑TEQs (PCDD/F+PCB) were found in the Afyon (6.8pg WHO-TEQ g−1 fat) and the highest in the Antalya (15.6pg WHO-TEQ g−1 fat) province. The results have been discussed in terms of regions and PCDD/F and PCBs for which analyses had been made. The mean levels of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Turkish human milk are comparable to that found in other countries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a study which examines the presence of organochlorine (OC) pesticides in human milk samples collected in three different regions of Turkey. The study used Gerbert test and Mann-Whitney U test to analyze the fat content and statistical comparisons of 163 human milk samples. Results shows that OC contaminants are present min human milk samples.