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Powdery mildew is one of the most important fungal diseases of cereal plants. It reduces the yield and the quality of harvested grain. One of the best ways to protect crops against powdery mildew is to introduce effective resistance genes into new cultivars. In this study, diploid species of the genus Triticum were screened to identify potential sources of genetic resistance to powdery mildew. Among the analyzed forms, 21 genotypes were identified as fully resistant to all three powdery mildew isolates used. Four of them belong to T. urartu, 12 to T. monococcum, and 4 to T. boeoticum. The tests performed showed that each of the tested species can be a source of genes determining resistance to powdery mildew. The most resistant genotypes were identified among accessions from Lebanon and Syria. Genotypes from Türkiye showed the lowest level of resistance, which indicates that this area is not a region with high pathogen pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide, is greatly damaged by downy mildew disease caused by Plasmopara halstedii. Trichoderma harzianum (TRIC8) isolate, isolated from soils of Tekirdağ/Turkey, was tested to determine its effect on hypocotyl length and sporulation density of the pathogen on cotyledon leaves of seedlings grown in pots. The ability of T. harzianum to induce the accumulation of metabolites in roots during its interaction with the pathogen was also studied using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In the experiments, seeds were coated with TRIC8 and the roots of three-day old seedlings were inoculated with P. halstedii. TRIC8 treatment significantly enhanced hypocotyl length as compared with untreated control (sterile distilled water) and fungicide (ai: Metalaxyl-m) treatments; reduced sporulation density of pathogen (76.30%) was comparable to the fungicide (76.55%) in pot experiments. TRIC8 increased the accumulation of heptanoic acid (carboxylic acid), methyl palmitate (ester) and 10,12 octadecadiynoic acid (fatty acid) especially in roots challenged with P. halstedii when compared with untreated control. Additionally, 17 metabolites [an alcohol: Z-2-dodecen-1-ol; an alkyl halide: 1-bromocyclohexane; an amide: N,N'-thylenebis(N-nitroacetamide); an anhydride: trans-(2-octenyl)succinic anhydride; three corbocyclic acids: butanedioic acid, capric acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid; a coumarin derivative: 6-tert-butyl-4-methylcoumarin, six esters: ethyl n-heptadecanoate, ethyl linolenate, 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate, isopropyl phenylacetate, (Z,Z)-5,16-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, undecyl trichloroacetate; a heterocyclic compound: dendrolasin; a ketone: 4-ethoxycyclohexanone; a phenol: 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol], which were not present in roots of other treatments, appeared as specific to TRIC8 treatment. Our study suggests that these metabolites might be involved in enhancement of hypocotyl length and in protection of sunflower against P. halstedii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Keywords: Podosphaera xanthii; Abelmoschus esculentus; Powdery mildew; ITS EN Podosphaera xanthii Abelmoschus esculentus Powdery mildew ITS 1231 1231 1 09/15/23 20230801 NES 230801 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01453-7. In July 2021, symptoms of powdery mildew were observed on 85-90% of okra (cv. sultani) plants in 35 fields (16.5 ha) in several districts of Hatay Province, Türkiye. First report of powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii on okra in Türkiye. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of IUG Journal of Humanitarian Research is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Downy (Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (Erysipha necator) is known as one of the most mischievous diseases for viticulture in Turkey as well as in the world. Therefore breeding studies play an important role for development of new cultivars resistant against fungal diseases. The aim of this research was to develop new F1 population and evaluate the resistance of hybrids to powdery and downy mildew via marker assisted selection (MAS). Resistant 'Regent' and susceptible 'Boğazkere' varieties were used to obtain hybrid population. A total of 6 markers belonging to 3 genomic regions were used for DNA based selection. Four SSR (UDV15, VMCNG2f12, VMC7F2 and UDV305) and two SCAR (ScORNA7-760 and ScORN3-R) markers which were developed to the resistance loci of Rpv3 and Ren3 were used for DNA based selection. The results were evaluated together with powdery mildew inoculation observations. When inoculation observations and MAS were evaluated, genotypes resistant, tolerant and susceptible to powdery and downy mildew were identified. Especially 16 genotypes identified as resistant to powdery mildew, can be used in future breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate various physicochemical properties, phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of the oak honey, large quantities of which are produced in the Thrace region of Northwest Turkey. Methods: Hunter color values (Lab), optical rotation, electrical conductivity, moisture and ash were measured as physicochemical determinants. Sugar, proline content, mineral, phenolic acids, total phenolic flavonoids contents were evaluated as chemical parameters. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging were used as antioxidant determinants. Results: The results determined that dark-colored honeys (mean 24.95±8.35 L) have proline levels (649.82±203.90 mg/kg), total phenolic content (TPC) (67.29±13.10 mgGAE/100 g) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (10.14±4.78 mgQE/100 g), a high ratio of fructose/glucose (1.65±0.18). Rutin (11.14±8.50 μg/g), p-coumaric acid (6.97±5.80 μg/g) and protocatechuic acid (6.12±4.39 μg/g) were the major phenolic components, and quercetin was also detected in varying amounts in all samples. Potassium (2523±0.28 mg/kg), calcium (63.40±3.20 mg/kg) and magnesium (38.88±0.65 mg/kg) were the major minerals in the honeys. Conclusion: Our results showed that physicochemical properties, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, sugar and mineral contents successfully distinguish the geographical origins of oak honey. These findings will contribute to a more accurate evaluation of oak honey in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The honeydew of Marchalina hellenica is collected by honeybees for pine honey production, which is of great economic importance in Turkey. During 2009-2011 we investigated the predators of M. hellenica, which is distributed mainly in the areas with a Mediterranean climate - in the Aegean, Marmara and Mediterranean regions of Turkey. The findings showed that M. hellenica has many predators in the studied areas and that these play an important role in the forest ecosystem. These predators are: Anystis baccarum (L.) (Acarina: Anystidae); Allothrombium triticium Zhang and Allothrombium pulvinum Ewing (Acarina: Trombidiidae); Neoleucopis kartliana (Tanasijtshuk) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae); Myrrha octodecimguttata (L.), Rodolia cardinalis Mulstant, Scymnus subvillosus (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Dichochrysa genei (Rambur), Dichochrysa prasina (Burmeister) and Chrysoperla lucasina (Lacroix) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae); Wesmaelius subnebulosus (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae), Cardiastethus nazarenus Reuter and Elatophilus pachycnemis Horváth (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). The most efficient and common predator was N. kartliana, here recorded for the first time from Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi belonging to the family Erysiphaceae (Ascomycota) are obligate biotrophs causing powdery mildew disease on various host plants. Most of the species in this family are ectoparasitic while the genus Phyllactinia is known to be partly endoparasitic. Phyllactinia guttata is one of the most important powdery mildews among Phyllactinia species causing disease on deciduous trees. In this study, P. guttata was detected on 11 woody plant species belonging to 8 families of Actinidiaceae, Betulaceae, Cornaceae, Fagaceae, Moraceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae and Ulmaceae in 5 provinces in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. This is the first report of P. guttata on Actinidia deliciosa, Alnus glutinosa var. barbata, A. glutinosa var. glutinosa, Cornus mas, Cydonia oblonga and Fagus orientalis in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marchalina hellenica is the main honeydew producing insect of pine trees. It is endemic to Greece and Turkey and introduced to the Italian island of Ischia. It has one generation per year and the adult females appear on the trees only after mid March. Studies on the genetic structure of the insect show that the low genetic variability may be due to the fact that it can not be dispersed long distances in correlation with the parthenogenetic reproduction. The amount of honeydew produced by the insect varies over the year and mainly depends on the size and age of the nymphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Powdery mildew on barley, caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, occurs worldwide and can result in severe yield loss. Germplasm of barley, including landraces, commercial cultivars, wild relatives and breeding lines are stored in more than 200 institutions. There is a need for characterization of this germplasm in terms of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This is necessary in order to use specific accessions in breeding programs. In the present study, 129 barley landraces originated from Turkey and provided by the ICARDA genebank were tested for resistance to powdery mildew. Seedling resistance tests after inoculation with 19 differentiated isolates of B. graminis f. sp. hordei were used to postulate the presence of resistance genes. From the 129 landraces studied, plants of 19 (14.7%) of them showed resistance to infection with powdery mildew. Based on preliminary tests from these 19 landraces, 25 resistant single plant lines were selected for testing with differential powdery mildew isolates. Seven lines were resistant to all 19 isolates used. However, only one line (5583-1-4) showed resistance scores of zero against all isolates used. It is likely that this line possesses unknown, but highly effective genes for resistance. In five resistant lines it was not possible to postulate the presence of specific resistance genes. In 19 lines the presence of the genes Mlp, Mlk, Mlh, Mlg, Ml(CP), Mlat, Mla3, Mla6, Mla7 and Mla22 were postulated. These new sources of highly effective powdery mildew resistance in barley landraces from Turkey could be successfully used in breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The efficacies of Na2 SiO3 , K2 SiO3 , KH2 PO4 , NaHCO3 and di-1-p -menthen against powdery mildew caused by Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr. were investigated on Vitis vinifera L. spp. c.v. ‘Yuvarlak Cekirdeksiz’ and compared with the efficacy of sulphur and penconazole. The investigation was carried out during 1998–1999 under glasshouse condition and in two vineyards in Manisa and Izmir/Turkey. When applied to pot-grown plants before inoculation with the fungus, NaHCO3 and Na2 SiO3 reduced the spore formation ability of colonies for 4 days on young leaves and NaHCO3 , KH2 PO4 , Na2 SiO3 and di-1-p -menthen reduced the spore formation ability of colonies for 7 days on old leaves. In vineyard trials, all the test chemicals showed low efficacies against leaf infection. However, bunch infections were inhibited by fungicide application with the alternation of KH2 PO4 – di-1-p -menthen and the mixture of KH2 PO4 + sulphur(S) (WP), as effectively as by the alternate application of penconazole – sulphur. NaHCO3 and K2 SiO3 + S (WP) were less effective in the vineyard with high disease incidence. The test chemicals had no effect on the sugar content of berries and did not cause any toxic effect or residue problems in the leaves and bunch. It is, therefore, suggested that Na2 SiO3 , K2 SiO3 , KH2 PO4 , NaHCO3 and di-1-p -menthen could be included in the spraying programmes against powdery mildew with sulphur, synthetic fungicides or they could be used in suitable mixtures and alternations with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During annual disease surveys of dill (Anethum graveolens) in September 2001 and May 2002, sporadic symptoms typical of powdery mildew were observed in many fields assessed in the eastern Mediterranean coastal regions of Hatay Province, Turkey. White, epiphytic mycelia and conidia, characteristic of a powdery mildew, were present on leaves, stems and inflorescences. Severely diseased leaves became twisted, and the disease possibly contributed to premature senescence and drying of the plant. Mycelial growth was amphigenous, forming thin, irregular white patches, sometimes effused to cover the whole leaf surface, stem and inflorescences, and had well developed multilobed appressoria. Based on morphological characteristics, the causal agent of dill powdery mildew was identified as Erysiphe heracle.