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Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of prolonged extrication time and the time to fasciotomy applications on amputation requirement by giving quantitative and cutoff values. Methods: In this single-center study, the clinical records of patients with musculoskeletal injuries due to the 6 February Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Turkey were retrospectively reviewed. All patients who underwent fasciotomy or amputation regardless of age and gender were included in the study. 163 extremities of 140 patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Demographic data of the patients, such as age and gender, were recorded in this study. The primary outcome of this study was the correlation of the time between injury and fasciotomy applications with the amputation requirement. At the same time, the effect of prolonged extrication time of earthquake victims on amputation requirement. Results: The mean age was 29.01 ± 15.55 of earthquake victims included in the current study and the gender distribution of the patients is almost equal. 87 amputations of 65 patients were performed and transtibial amputation was the most common type (41.3%). The mean fasciotomy time was 38.78 ± 23.64 h. Delayed fasciotomies performed after 45.5 h increase 28.48 times the amputation requirement. The mean extrication time in the current study was 36.49 h. The patients with extrication time longer than 23 h was associated with an 8.8 times higher risk of amputation. Conclusions: Authors believe that knowledge of the relationship between earthquake survivors' prognosis and time of extrication, as well as the impact of fasciotomy timing on extremity loss, is essential for a more successful treatment management in future disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hereditary multiple osteochondromas is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in EXT1 or EXT2. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and molecular findings of a Turkish cohort with hereditary multiple osteochondroma. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients aged 1.3-49.6 years from 22 families were enrolled. Genetic analyses were made by EXT1 and/or EXT2 sequencing and chromosomal microarray analyses. Results: We found 17 intragenic pathogenic variants in EXT1 (13/17) and EXT2 (4/17), 12 of which are novel. Four probands had EXT1 deletions, including 2 patients with partial EXT1 microdeletions involving exons 2-11 and 5-11, and 2 patients with whole-gene deletions. In 21 variants, the frequency of truncating and missense variants was 76.1% and 23.8%, respectively. Two families had no detectable variants in EXT1 and EXT2. All patients had multiple osteochondromas at the long bones, mainly at the tibia, forearm, femur, and humerus. Bowing deformity of the forearms (9/32) and the lower extremities (2/32), and scoliosis (6/32) were observed. The clinical severity was not different between patients with EXT1 or EXT2 variants. One patient with an EXT2 variant and another with an EXT1 microdeletion had the most severe phenotype with class III disease. Four patients with no EXT1 or EXT2 variants had milder phenotypes. Intrafamilial variability in disease severity was not observed. Conclusion: We report a hereditary multiple osteochondroma cohort with clinical and molecular data including 12 novel intragenic variants in EXT1 or EXT2, and 4 microdeletions involving EXT1. Taken together, our data expand the existing knowledge of the phenotype-genotype spectrum in hereditary multiple osteochondroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Non-melanoma skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and epidemiological data are important for public awareness. In this study, we aimed to reveal an epidemiological data according to tumor location. Materials and Methods: Four hundred sixty-four patients with non-melanocytic skin cancer who had surgical operation between March 2014 and March 2019 were included. Patients were retrospectively evaluated in regards to their age, sex, diagnosis, histopathological type, tumor location and surgical treatment. Results: In this study 464 patients and 547 lesions were evaluated. Two hundred and seventy-one of the patients were male (58.5%) and 193 were female (41.5%). The patients ranged in age from 13 to 100 years (mean: 66.3±13.45). 69.8% (n=321) of the patients were operated for basal cell carcinoma, 28.2% (n=131) of squamous cell carcinoma and 1.9% (n=9) of them were operated for basosquamous cell carcinoma. The rate of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in women was 3, this ratio was found to be 2.3 in males. 450 (82.2%) of the tumors were in the head and neck and 61 (11.1%) in the trunk, 18 (3.2%) in the upper extremity and 16 (2.9%) in the lower extremity. The recurrence rate was 5.6% in all lesions. In addition, recurrence rates were found to be 4.9% for basal cell carcinoma and 7.6% for squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region. Conclusion: Being conducted in İstanbul, Turkey, this study researched nonmelanoma skin cancers which are predominantly located in the head and neck region. Turkey is a country with a young population. However, the young population is particularly engaged in industrial and agricultural fields. Considering the cumulative effects of the sun, this data shows that measures to protect the head and neck region from the sun should be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Partial lipodystrophy of the limbs (PLL) is a newly described form of lipodystrophy that is characterized by symmetrical distal lipoatrophy of the limbs and insulin resistant diabetes.Research Design and Methods: In this study, we prospectively screened our patients with type 2 diabetes for the presence of PLL phenotype. Metabolic parameters of PLL patients were compared to those with type 2 diabetes who applied to our diabetes clinic during the same period of time.Results: Between Sep 2013 and Mar 2015, 2020 patients with type 2 diabetes were evaluated for the presence of PLL. PLL was confirmed in 16 patients. The prevalence of PLL was calculated as 0.79% in our diabetes clinic. The most common phenotypic presentations were loss of subcutaneous fat in the forearms, calves and thighs, and loss of fat in forearms and calves. Patients with PLL had poor metabolic control and marked insulin resistance compared to subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes had been diagnosed at a younger age in patients with PLL. Patients with PLL also had more atherogenic lipid profiles.Conclusions: Our data suggests that PLL is a relatively common form of lipodystrophy in diabetes clinics, which is associated with poor metabolic control and marked insulin resistance. The recognition of PLL in patients with type 2 diabetes can help better clinical management by alerting the physician to these associated co-morbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of freshwater amphipod, Gammarus obruki sp. nov., collected from Inderesi Cave, Bartin Province, Turkey, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to the Gammarus pulex group. The most discriminant characters of this species are the presence of prolonged extremities, a very long antenna 1 (up to 52 segmented flagellum), densely setose fifth peduncle and flagellar segments of antenna 2, and a fourth peduncle segment that has no long setae. A detailed morphological description and illustrations of the new species are provided and differences from related species are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we reassess the timing and amount of rotation of the eastern limb of the Aegean orocline, located in SW Turkey. The current model for this orocline involves a 25-30° counterclockwise (CCW) rotation of the Bey Dağları region, which exposes upper Cretaceous to Eocene platform carbonates and lower Miocene flysch deposits. In this model the rotation has to postdate a Miocene remagnetization, which would not exclude non-synchroneity between rotations of the western and eastern limbs of the Aegean orocline. To test this model a detailed palaeomagnetic study was conducted on lower Miocene strata in the Bey Dağları area. Two (composite) sections were sampled near Korkuteli and Doğantaş, spanning the lower Miocene foreland basin stratigraphy from the Aquitanian unconformity with the Bey Dağları limestones to the uppermost Burdigalian-lowermost Langhian, and a wide array of palaeomagnetic analyses were obtained. The natural remanent magnetization (NRM) in the Aquitanian limestones and Burdigalian blue clays resides dominantly in magnetite with minor greigite and haematite. A positive reversals test, a correlation of obtained polarity patterns to the geomagnetic polarity timescale, showing significant compaction following acquisition of the NRM, a scatter in NRM directions that can be confidently attributed to palaeosecular variation and a positive recently-proposed end-member model test of the acquisition curves of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) all show that the Miocene sediments on the Bey Dağları platform have not been remagnetized. Our new results, combined with a partial reassessment of existing data, imply that the Bey Dağları region underwent no rotation between the late Cretaceous and late Burdigalian, and 20° counterclockwise rotation between 16 and 5 Ma, i.e. during the middle to late Miocene and prior to deposition of previously reported non-rotated Pliocene sediments north of Antalya. The two limbs of the Aegean orocline thus rotated simultaneously: our new age constraints of 16-5 Ma in the east, compare with (largely) 15-8 Ma in the west, as published previously. The rotation of the Bey Dağları was probably bounded in the south at the plate boundary with Africa, and in the east by the Aksu thrust and Kırkkavak dextral strike-slip fault, which together partitioned dextral transpression induced by the rotating block. Accommodation of the western Anatolian rotations to the north and west of the Bey Dağları will be the subject of a future publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Height is a significant parameter in assessment of growth, development, and nutritional status. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between height and arm span, mid-upper arm and waist circumferences in Turkish children. Subjects and methods: Height, arm span, mid-upper arm and waist circumferences were measured in 1145 boys and 1372 girls aged 7–14 years old from metropolitan Ankara schools in Turkey. Results: Among the children aged between 7 and 14 years old the arm span was determined to be shorter than height. The correlation coefficient between height and arm span of children aged 7–10 years old was 0.92 for boys and 0.90 for girls, and was 0.89 for boys and 0.85 for girls aged 11–14 years old. The correlation between height and arm span was high in both genders at the age group of 7–10 years old. Moreover, significant correlations were found between the height, the mid-upper arm and waist circumferences. Conclusions: Arm span was found to be strongly correlated with height. Although mid-upper arm and waist circumferences were moderately correlated, waist circumference was not detected as a predictor for height in girls and boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large family with six individuals exhibiting the Unertan syndrome (UTS) was identified residing in southern Turkey. All of the individuals had mental impairments and walked on all four extremities. The practice of intra-familial marriages suggested that the UTS may be an autosomal recessive disorder, similar to previously described cases. The inferior portions of the cerebellum and vermis were absent as evidenced by MRI and CT scans. The height and head circumference of those affected were within normal ranges. Barany's test suggested normal vestibular system function. The subjects could not name objects or their close relatives. The males (n = 4) could understand simple questions and commands, but answered questions with only one or two sounds. The females (n = 2) were superior to the males with respect to language skills and walking, suggesting an association between walking and speaking abilities. One male exhibited three walking patterns at the same time: quadripedal, tiptoe, and scissor walking. Another male used two walking styles: quadripedal and toe-walking. It is emphasized that there are important differences between the UTS and the disequilibrium syndrome. It is suggested that the inability to walk upright in those affected with the UTS may be best explained by a disturbance in lateral-balance mechanisms, without being related to the cerebello-vestibular system. An interruption of locomotor development during the transition from quadripedality to bipedality may result in habitual walking on all four extremities and is normal in some children. Because quadripedal gait is an ancestral trait, individuals with the UTS, exhibiting a manifestation of reverse evolution in humans, may be considered an experiment of nature, useful in understanding the mechanisms underlying the transition from quadripedality to bipedality during human evolution. The proposed mutant gene or gene pool playing a role in human quadrupedality may also be responsible for human bipedality at the same time. Herein there is no intent to insult or injure; rather, this report is an endeavor to better understand human beings. Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of International Journal of Neuroscience for the following free supplemental resource(s): video clips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne infection that has a high mortality. In Turkey, the total number of cases reported between 2002-2014 was 9.069 and 440 of them died. The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic characteristics of the children with the complaint of tick bite and to determine the species of the ticks seen in İstanbul. Materials and Methods: A hundred sixty two tick bite cases were analyzed with respect to demographic, clinical and laboratory findings between January and December 2014. The blood samples for whole blood count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine were obtained from all cases and they were followed up for 10 days. The ticks removed from patients were classified by the Department of Parasitology in the Veterinary Faculty of İstanbul University. Results: The mean age of the patients was 6.1±3.7 years and 76% of them were male. Eighty four (52%) of the cases had additional complaints other than tick bite. The most frequently complaints were nausea/vomiting (26%), fever (19%) and cough (14%). We found that 34 (20%) of them had abnormal laboratory results such as elevated liver enzymes, leukocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and prolonged prothrombin time. August was the month in which most patients applied (56 cases, 34%). The regions of body that were most bitten by the ticks were the extremities (35.8%). The total number of larvae, nymphs and adult ticks were found as 4, 88 and 14 respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the tick species in the İstanbul province were largely different from the species causing CCHF. Although the incidence of CCHF in İstanbul is lower than in other regions of Turkey, children and their families who live in or travel to rural areas in Istanbul should be informed about this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]