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In every society, the issue of whether an individual can do math has become a central issue. Middle school years, when students' perceptions towards math start to form, have a critical importance for them to develop a positive attitude towards math. The aim of this study is to determine the meaning that the students attributed to the math and to reveal the students' perceptions towards math. Metaphors were also benefited from in order to carry out this aim. The sample of this study was composed of randomly selected 273 students from Yalçin Eskiyapan Middle School located in the district of Keçiören, Ankara in 2015-2016 academic year. When the data obtained from the students were examined, it was seen that the most frequent repeating metaphors were life (38), game (14), book (10), and space (6). The way in which the students explain their metaphors was examined by inductive content analysis. As a result of the analysis, the obtained codes were gathered under four themes as opinions about the content of the math, opinions about the applicability of the math, opinions about the math, and opinions about the teaching of the math. Each theme has two categories, including positive and negative ones.

Recently, people prefer learning information operationally rather than conceptually. In this context, this study was carried out to uncover how preservice math teachers construct in their minds the conceptual definition of limit within the scope of the Calculus Course. The participants of this study consisted of 62 (30 female, 32 male) sophomore students studying in the Elementary Mathematics Teacher Education Department at Uludag University Faculty of Education in the 2016-2017 academic year. Midterm and final exam questions requiring the use of prior knowledge were used to help collect data. Interviews were conducted with three participants who were chosen for their success. In these interviews, five questions were asked by the researchers to uncover the mathematical thinking levels and abstraction processes of the participants. The methods of semi-structured interviews and observations were used to collect data. The data were video-recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were analyzed and interpreted according to the cognitive actions of the RBC-model and the steps in Sfard's theory of mathematics learning. Based on the analysis, the participants were found to be more successful in operational information than in conceptual information. Although the preservice teachers were able to accomplish operational learning, it can be said that they could not fully accomplish conceptual learning because they could not identify algebraic representations and could not use reasoning on these representations. Interviews with the participants revealed that they memorized the characteristics of the concept of limit to be successful in the exams. However, conceptual learning did not take place. Understanding how participants learn is believed to benefit the educators who teach the concept of limit.

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Copyright of Journal of Management & Economics Research is the property of Journal of Management & Economics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to determine the change in today's artisan culture within the framework of traditional Akhis (artisan community in Anatolia) based artisan culture. The study is important in terms of showing the effect of the processes of modernization, post modernization and globalization on traditional culture of artisan. The dynamics of cultural change are limited to the professional, social and individual lives of artisan under the rules of Akhism. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used mixed in the research. In the process of data collection for the quantitative part of the study, the rules related to Akhism have been classified, the original questionnaire was developed and applied to150 artisans. In the process of data collection for the qualitative part designed to support the survey results and to deepen the research, structured interview questions were developed by using the same questions and interviews were conducted with 25 randomly selected artisans from the quantitative research sample. Results of the research carried out with both methods were evaluated together. As a result of the study, it is determined that there is a moderate level of differentiation from traditional structure in professional (35.4%) and social lives (34.40%) of Sakarya Artisans, while there is a low level differentiation from traditional structure in individual lives (24.24%). Within the framework of all dimensions, with the mean score of 3.43, 1.57 points (31.4%) deviation from the traditional structure (from 5) was determined. According to this result, it can be said that the existing trade's culture maintains the traditional structure at an average level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a case study on tourism and non-wood forest products in the Yalova Model Forest, Turkey. Topics discussed include aim of the model forest to demonstrate sustainable model of forest management and relationship between the environment and human activities, presence of Mediterranean climate in the Yalova region, presence of conifer broadleaved forests in tourist areas which is the source of economy, promotion of thermal tourism, rural tourism and ecotourism in the region.

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study concerning the determination of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues level in human breast milk from agricultural regions conducted during the period 1995 to 1996 in Turkey. The objective of the study was to present the result to form a part of the updated report on OCP pollution. The study was conducted using 104 human milk samples from healthy donors living in two different regions namely Manisa and Van and a chromatographic analysis was performed to determine the residue content. The findings shows that heptachlor epoxide were found to be the major contaminants in milk samples for most mothers. The heptachlor epoxide level in human body was derived from an oxidation product from heptachlor as pesticide.

Background: We aimed to assess the relationship between the methylation of the tumour suppressor gene RARβ and response to treatment and survival in patients with primary glioblastoma. Methods: Forty patients were involved. RARβ promoter methylation was studied with MS-HRM. Findings: Methylation of RARβ was noted in 24 (60%) of the 40 patients with primary glioblastoma multiforme. Three samples were 25% methylated, five were 50% methyl, four were 75% methylated, and 12 were 100%. Mean survival time of the patients with methylated RARβ was 19months, compared with 15months for those not methylated. Twenty-eight patients received treatment, the remaining 12 cases had no data regarding treatment. RARβ patients receiving and not receiving treatment according to the methylation patterns were compared in terms of survival. Patients who received treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy survived for 25months. Patients who received radiotherapy alone or no treatment protocol survived for 15-20months. Interpretation: Our findings should be replicated in larger series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to establish the frequency of IDH2 mutations in primary glioblastoma at a population level. Methods: We screened primary glioblastoma in a population-based study for IDH2 mutations and correlated them with clinical data. Findings: No IDH2 mutations were detected in tumour samples. Interpretation: Since the analysed tumours were primary glioblastoma, our data regarding IDH2 mutations was in agreement with the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Parathyroid surgery has witnessed a significant evolution with the introduction of more efficacious preoperative localization imaging techniques and the use of rapid intraoperative parathormone assays. Parathyroid surgery can now be performed with the minimum of invasion. Through the adaptation of the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA), the technique has now been adopted for parathyroid surgery, known as the transoral endoscopic parathyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOEPVA). We present here the initial experiences of 11 centers carrying out TOEPVA surgery in Turkey., Materials and Methods: Participating in the study were 11 centers, all of which were tertiary care institutions carrying out endocrine surgery. A retrospective review was made of 35 primary hyperparathyroidism patients who underwent the TOEPVA procedure between July 2017 and January 2020., Results: Of the total 35 patients, 32 patients underwent the TOEPVA procedure successfully. All patients but one were female, and the mean age was 47.2 (20-73) years. According to localization studies, 18 of the lesions were lower left, 12 were lower right, 3 were upper right and 2 were upper left. The mean operative time was 116 (30-225) min, and three cases were converted to an open procedure. Simultaneous thyroidectomy was performed in seven cases. The average PTH level dropped to normal within 20 min. after the resection in all cases. The complication rate was 19% (ecchymosis, subcutaneous emphysema, nasal bleeding, surgical site infection and seroma). There were neither recurrent nerve palsies, nor mental nerve root or branch injuries. The average hospital stay was 1 day. No persistence was documented on follow up., Conclusion: TOEPVA is a "hidden scar" parathyroidectomy procedure that can be safely performed on parathyroid adenomas, in cases that have scar-related concerns. Having its own procedure-related complications, the procedure provides satisfactory objective results, particularly in centers experienced in endoscopic and endocrine surgery., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.)

This study aimed to document the dermatoses and their relationships with CD4 + T lymphocyte counts and clinical stages of disease among people living with HIV followed by our Clinical Department, to investigate the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on findings and to compare with real-world data. Medical records of people living with HIV were analyzed retrospectively in our outpatient clinic from January 2005 to June 2017. A total of 500 patient files were examined. 179 patients with dermatoses were included in the study. Demographic data, clinical and laboratory findings, dermatological findings, type and distribution of lesions, serological and histopathological examinations, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients were transferred to data forms. 84.4% of the patients were male and the mean age was 38.65 ± 11.6 years. The median CD4 + T lymphocyte count was 253/mm3 (range:0-1067). At least one dermatosis was present in 69.3% of the patients. Compared with their median CD4 + T lymphocyte counts, the ratio of CD4 + T lymphocytes was significantly lower in the group with three or more dermatoses ( p = 0.019). Condyloma acuminatum (15.1%), drug eruption (13.4%), seborrheic dermatitis (11.7%), oral candidiasis (11.2%), dermatophytoses (11.2%), syphilis (8.4%), Kaposi's sarcoma (8.4%), and telogen effluvium (8.4%) were the most common dermatoses. Kaposi sarcoma (KS), oral candidiasis, onychomycosis, and molluscum contagiosum were significantly higher in the CD4 + T lymphocyte <200/mm³ group when CD4 + T lymphocyte threshold value was determined as 200/mm³. Compared with other TDF/FTC-containing regimens, a significantly higher proportion of alopecia was reported in patients receiving TDF/FTC/EVG/c ( p = 0.007). Dermatoses may be a good clinical marker for detecting clinical stage and diagnosing HIV infection; also, there may be a significant increase in the number of dermatoses in advanced stages. Although there are only a few studies in the literature, it should be kept in mind that ART-associated alopecia rates may increase nowadays when ART is targeted at everyone.

Objective:  To investigate depression and sexual function among pregnant and non-pregnant women throughout the COVID-19 pandemic., Methods:  A total of 188 women, 96 pregnant and 92 non-pregnant were included. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) were applied to the participants after obtaining sociodemographic data., Results:  The depression scores of pregnant and non-pregnant women were similar ( p  = 0.846). We found that the depression scores were significantly higher among the group of participants who have lower economic status ( p  = 0.046). Moreover, the depression score was significantly higher among women who lost their income during the pandemic ( p  = 0.027). The score on the ASEX was significantly higher, and sexual dysfunction was more prevalent among women who have lower levels of schooling and income ( p  < 0.05). Likewise, the ASEX scores were significantly higher ( p  = 0.019) among the group who experienced greater income loss throughout the pandemic. Upon comparing the pregnant and non-pregnant groups, we detected that sexual dysfunction had a significantly higher rate among pregnant women ( p  < 0.001)., Conclusion:  In times of global crisis, such as the current pandemic, low-income families have an increased risk of experiencing depression and sexual dysfunction. When we compared pregnant women with non-pregnant women, depression scores were similar, but pregnant women were at a 6.2 times higher risk of developing sexual dysfunction., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interests to declare., (Federação Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of lockdown measures implemented due to COVID-19 on aetiology, sociodemographic characteristics, and clinical status of burn cases. This study was carried out retrospectively at the Burn Unit of Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital. The burn cases during the COVID-19 outbreak were compared with those of the previous 2 years. Statistical analyses were carried out using the IBM SPSS (Statistics Package for Social Sciences) Statistics 25. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Shapiro-Wilk test were used for data evaluation. Results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and P < .05 significance level. It was determined that burn cases were reduced by half during the COVID-19 compared to the previous 2 years. Despite the increase in the number of third-degree burns and surgeries, it was determined that the length of hospital stay decreased by an average of two thirds. Hot liquids have been identified as the most important cause of burns in all years. New studies should be conducted in order to examine the social dimension of COVID-19 pandemic in burn cases and to prevent these cases completely. The short hospital stay preferred by clinicians after COVID-19 and possible problems that may arise should be investigated., (© 2020 The Authors. International Wound Journal published by Medicalhelplines.com Inc (3M) and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest.

Objective: Almost all countries announced social restrictions and distancing measures which could unintentionally lead to a decline in admissions to hospital for acute disorders other than signs of pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate lipid profile, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and cardiovascular admissions to the coronary care unit (CCU) of a tertiary center in Turkey during the COVID-19 era and to compare these results with admissions in the same time interval of the previous year., Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed CCU admissions due to new-onset atrial fibrillation, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) and acute heart failure during the COVID-19 outbreak and the same time interval of the past year. Laboratory measurements including lipid profile and NLR values were retrieved from the institutional digital database., Results: Compared to the same time interval of 2019 (March-April, 2019), the number of patients admitted to the CCU with acute cardiovascular disorders (atrial fibrillation, STEMI, NSTEACS and acute heart failure) were lower in the COVID-19 period. The levels of NLR, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly lower in subjects admitted to the CCU during March-April 2020 compared to subjects admitted in March-April 2019., Conclusions: Our findings show that subjects admitted to the CCU in the COVID-19 era have an unfavorable lipid profile and elevated NLR compared to those admitted in 2019. These patients appear to be at high risk for future cardiovascular events.

Objective: The BAI can be used to reflect %body fat. This study aimed to compare BAI with other methods used in the determination of body fat. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Turkish adults. BAI, BMI, WHR, WHtR, body weight, hip and waist circumference (WC), skinfold thicknesses (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac) were measured. Body fat was measured using Bioelectric Impedance Analysis. Results: The Bland-Altman analyses conducted in this study showed that for % body fat estimations, BIA was in excellent agreement with skinfold measurements (p = 0.131) without proportional bias (p = 0.082), but that BAI was not in agreement with BIA and skinfold measurement. There were a statistically significant positive correlation between BAI and other measurements in terms of females and males and also regardless of sex. Conclusion: BAI was not in agreement with BIA and skinfold measurement methods for % body fat estimations, it had a significantly stronger correlation with % fat calculated using BIA and skinfold thickness.

Aflatoxins comprise a group of mycotoxins that are found in the environment. Exposure to aflatoxins has been reported to cause serious health problems in humans. Since aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) is secreted in breast milk, the exposure of infants to this toxin is an important concern. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, levels of, and factors associated with the presence of AFM 1 in breast milk of mothers in Fethiye, Turkey. Breast milk samples were taken from 100 mothers who had given birth over the period of October-November 2017. The AFM 1 content of the samples was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The lowest limit for milk samples in the Ridascreen® AFM 1 commercial test kit is 5 ng/L. Because of this, AFM 1 levels below 5 ng/L in the breast milk samples were assessed as negative. Of the breast milk samples tested, 53 were positive. The average AFM 1 amount in the positive samples was 6.36 ng/L (ppt; range 5.10-8.31 ng/L). Mothers who were housewives, lived in damp, humid houses, or ate spices or dried fruits and vegetables had significantly greater prevalence of AFM 1 in their breast milk than those who were employed, did not report dampness or mold in the home, or did not eat spices or dried fruits and vegetables. AFM 1 in breast milk could be an important risk factor for infant health. Informing the public about food safety could reduce the amount of AFM 1 being transferred into breast milk via food channels.

Physicians are a professional group that is highly likely to encounter abused or at-risk children. The aim of this study is to investigate physicians' experiences with abuse cases, their evaluations of abuse risk factors, and their attitudes toward becoming more educated on the subject. One-hundred-sixty-four family physicians at family health centers and public health centers completed a questionnaire, and a group of residents at a university training and research hospital were interviewed in a semi-structured format. One-fifth of the participants had managed a child abuse case at least once. Nearly half of the participants reported acting alone in diagnosing and managing abuse cases. Sixty-eight percent of these physicians stated they would like to receive training on this subject. Gender and having children did not make a difference as to the abuse-management experience of these medical professionals. Female participants placed more importance on risk factors related to "children with mental disabilities" and "alcohol and substance abuse in parents" than their male counterparts. Difficulties in diagnosis, concerns about handling the abuse cases, the impact of culture, various risk factors, the importance of teamwork and a holistic approach, the need for practical training, and the importance of primary prevention were themes that emerged from this survey. This study provides inferences as to which of the physician competencies should be targeted in undergraduate medical education., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of our study was to present the prevalence of thyroid nodules we incidentally discovered by routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine, to evaluate their clinical significance, and to discuss the current clinical approach to incidental thyroid nodules., Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the cervical spinal MRI studies of 512 patients. Thyroid glands were evaluated for morphologic and signal characteristics and examined for the presence of nodule(s). The nodules with a maximum diameter of 5 mm or more were taken into analysis., Results: Of 512 MRI studies, 254 revealed incidental thyroid nodule(s) (49.6%). The mean maximum nodule diameter was 7.48±2.92 mm. Thirty-eight of 254 incidental thyroid nodules were radiologically reported, 35 reported nodules were evaluated by US, and 22 were further analyzed by fine needle aspiration cytology. The final diagnosis of 11 aspirated nodules was an adenomatous nodule, whereas 3 were papillary thyroid carcinoma. One of the patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma was a 32-year-old man with a nodule with a maximum diameter of 7 mm., Conclusion: Incidental thyroid nodule is a frequent non-spinal lesion detected by routine cervical spinal MRI. The 3-tiered system which is recommended in the clinical approach to incidental thyroid nodules may miss some clinically significant thyroid nodules. We suggest the criteria of this system to be re-evaluated and modified if necessary. In addition, we would like to emphasize the need for a guideline for radiologists for reporting incidental thyroid nodules on MRI on the basis of a standard clinical approach., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Objective: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem and affects large populations all over the world. Serum anti-HCV level is a valuable marker to determine HCV infection. Anti-HCV testing has been recommended for high-risk population. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention in the United States proposed a new high-risk population group - adults born between 1945-1965. Under this perspective, we designed a multicentre retrospective study to determine the seropositivity of anti-HCV among adults born between 1945 and 1965 and adults born after 1965 in Turkey. With the data collected, we aimed to determine whether there was a need for anti-HCV testing especially in people born between 1945 and 1965., Methods: We requested data from ten different medical centres in ten different provinces. Each medical centre collected the anti-HCV test results of adult patients for five-year period between 2009 and 2014 from hospital records., Results: A total of 974,449 anti-HCV test results were included in this study. When the seropositivity rates in the two groups of adults were compared, anti-HCV seropositivity rates were higher in nine medical centres out of ten. Anti-HCV seropositivity in adults born between 1945-1965 was significantly higher than in adults born after 1965 (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: We determined that the anti-HCV seropositivity rate is significantly higher in adults born between 1945-1965 compared to the younger adults as indicated in the literature. According to data from this study together with the WHO and CDC suggestions, we believe that it is appropriate to offer anti-HCV serology testing for people over 50 years of age since the anti- HCV seroprevalence in this age group is relatively high., (Copyright© by the National Institute of Public Health, Prague 2018.)

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes human gastric mucosa. Gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and stomach adenocarcinoma are associated with H. pylori as the etiological agent. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA), which is one of the most important virulence factors of H. pylori, encodes a 120-145 kDa protein. The prevalence of cagA genes shows differences in H. pylori infections based on geographical area, and cagA-positive H. pylori strains play an important role in pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma., Methodology: The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of cagA and vacA genes in H. pylori isolates in adult patient groups in the southeastern region of Turkey. The presence of H. pylori was investigated in gastric biopsy specimens using the culture method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed to detect the presence of the cagA and vacA s1 genes., Results: H. pylori was detected in 65% (84/129) of patients who had gastrointestinal complaints. The number of vacA s1 and cagA genes of isolates were 44 (74.5%) and 31 (52.5%), respectively., Conclusions: H. pylori infection in southeastern region of Turkey with are comparable to those in developed countries. Patients with cagA- and vacA-positive H. pylori have a higher risk of severe inflammation and atrophy and should therefore be monitored for the development of gastric cancer.

Pseudomonas spp. that are one of the important nosocomial pathogens worldwide, and carbapenem resistance is observed in an increasing rate. Major factors leading to carbapenem resistance are metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) and carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D oxacillinases. MBLs are frequently prevalent in Pseudomonas spp., while carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D oxacillinases has been almost exclusively found in multidrug and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of OXA-23, OXA-40 and OXA-58 genes that encode carbapenemases, in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. strains. A total of 184 imipenem and/or meropenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. strains isolated from different clinical samples (85 bronchoalveolar lavage, 31 wound, 18 tracheal aspirate, 16 urine, 14 blood, 10 sputum, 3 catheter, 3 throat, 2 drainage fluid, 1 abscess, 1 peritoneal fluid) in Medical Microbiology Laboratory of Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, between November 2011 to October 2013, were included in the study. The isolates were identified by conventional methods and an automated system (VITEK-2 Compact, bioMerieux, France), while the antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed with Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and automated system according to the recommendations of CLSI. The presence of OXA-23, OXA-40 and OXA-58 genes in strains were investigated by a commercial PCR kit (Hyplex CarbOxa ID; Amplex Diagnostics GmbH, Germany). Molecular studies were carried out in three steps, namely extraction of genomic DNA; multiplex PCR amplification and hybridization. In the final step, hybridization was achieved in the ELISA-based system. In our study, 12 (6.5%) out of 184 carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. strains were positive for OXA-23, 1 (0.54%) for OXA-40 and 1 (0.54%) for OXA-58, with a total positive rate of 7.6% (n= 14). Most of the carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. strains (129/184; 70%) were isolated from the samples of patients in intensive-care units, and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were the most prevalent samples (85/184; 46.2%). This study determined the presence and frequency of OXA type carbapenemases among Pseudomonas strains for the first time in our region and Turkey. These resistance genes demonstrated in Acinetobacter spp. were also detected in this study in Pseudomonas spp. and they may cause carbapenem resistance directly or by affecting the other resistance mechanisms with a synergistic effect. This study is expected to provide a basis for further studies to elucidate resistance mechanisms.

Purpose: To establish the frequency of IDH1 mutations and MGMT methylation in primary glioblastomas., Experimental Design: We screened primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in a population-based study for IDH1 mutations and MGMT methylation and correlated them with clinical data., Results: IDH1 mutations were detected in 5 of 40 primary glioblastomas (12,5%). Primary GBM patients carrying IDH1 mutations were significantly younger, mean age of 41±5.06years, than patients with wild-type IDH1, mean age of 57±2,29years, p=0.011. The mean survival time of all GBM patients with and without IDH1 mutations was 19months (5 cases) and 16months (35 cases), respectively (p>0,05). MGMT methylation was detected in 13 of the 40 patients (32,5%). MGMT-promoter methylation did not correlate with overall survival (OS; p>0,05)., Conclusion: In summary, our study is the first study to investigate the IDH1 mutation status and MGMT methylation in primary GBMs in Turkish population and confirmed IDH1 mutation as a genetic marker for also primary GBMs. Our data are still insufficient for definite ascertainment; and our preliminary results suggest: IDH1 status shows an association with younger age and there is a lack of association between IDH1 mutation and survival time. Furthermore MGMT promoter methylation had no prognostic value and lower frequency in primary glioblastomas., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background/aim: β-Lactamases are an important resistance mechanism in Acinetobacter baumannii. Pseudomonas extended-resistance (PER-1) type β-lactamase-producing strains have been reported from various geographic locations; however, PER-1 type β-lactamases from Turkish hospitals have not been investigated extensively. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PER-1 type β-lactamases in A. baumannii isolates in various regions of Turkey., Materials and Methods: A total of 763 clinical A. baumannii isolates were collected from 9 university hospitals and 2 state hospitals between 2008 and 2011. Molecular amplification of the OXA-51 gene from the A. baumannii genome was performed in order to verify identification of the species. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect blaPER-1 genes., Results: PER-1 was detected in 24.6% of the isolates. The annual frequencies of the PER-1 enzyme were detected as 52.2%, 35.9%, and 8.3% in 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. PER-1 prevalence decreased gradually over time. The differences observed in PER-1 prevalence among the regions of Turkey were statistically significant (chi-square test; P < 0.001)., Conclusion: These data demonstrate that the frequency of detection of PER-1 type β-lactamases in A. baumannii species has decreased in Turkey. However, the increased carbapenem resistance, together with multidrug resistance, has created a worrisome situation regarding this pathogen.

Objective: To estimate total cost of atrial fibrillation (AF) management concerning acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, stroke and drug related adverse events with respect to clinical practice and available guidelines., Methods: This cost analysis study was based on identification of total costs related to management of acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, stroke and the drug related adverse events in patients with AF based on standardized questionnaire forms filled by experts according to their daily clinical practice and also to ACCF/AHA/ESC guidelines. Total cost included cost items related to treatment, healthcare resources utilization, and diagnostic test and consultations., Results: The yearly cost of acute coronary syndrome per patient was 5.478.43 TL according to expert's view reflecting real clinical practice whereas it was 11.319.44 TL when calculation was based on recommendations in the guidelines. The average total cost of heart failure was 4.523.74 TL according to expert's view whereas it was 2.925.86 TL based on guidelines. The average total cost of stroke was 5.719.25 TL according to expert's view but 7.931.18 TL based on guidelines. Among drug related adverse events, only those related to cardiac adverse events were estimated to be higher according to expert view as compared to guideline recommendations (288.65 vs. 150.99 TL)., Conclusions: Reflecting the treatment algorithms in the management of AF and related adverse events, our findings seem to emphasize the extra burden on health economics posed by patients suffering from the uncontrolled disease.

The aging of the population is one of the most important demographic events of the 21st century. The aim of this study is to define the basic variables related with criminal behavior among the elderly for cases over 60 years. A retrospective assessment of the criminal data (255 cases) consists of the period between 2000 and 2005 of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Turkish Ministry of Justice. Of the cases whose average age is 68.2±6.9, 25 of the 56 cases were diagnosed as ill. Out of 225 elderly who had committed a criminal act 56 of them had a medical antecedent which is a psychiatric diagnosis. Whether or not they had a medical antecedent the Board made 90 psychiatric diagnosis. This comprised of 25 out of the 56 who also had a medical antecedent and 65 out of the 199 who did not have a medical antecedent. Delusional disorder (43.3%) and schizophrenia (25.6%) are the most frequent diagnoses. Specializing and developing standards for determining the criminal responsibility of the elderly is required., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Mutations in HPGD have recently been reported to cause primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO), a rare genetic disease characterized by digital clubbing, pachydermia, and periostosis. We screened HPGD mutations in six patients from three unrelated Turkish families with PHO, in which we showed one previously reported, p.A140P, and one novel, p.M1L, homozygous mutations. Both mutations co-segregated with the phenotype in all three families and were absent in 100 Turkish controls. These results confirm the presence of biallelic HPGD mutations in patients with PHO in an independent series from a different population.