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Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the amount of smoking, the presence of back pain and the severity of pain, and to examine whether there was a relationship between smoking and back pain. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 100 randomly selected students who were educated at university and had back pain. In individuals, a 22-question questionnaire and 21-question Beck Depression Scale were used, questioning parameters such as sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity levels, previous health problems, smoking status, as well as pain assessment tests. The results were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Results: Morning back pain was found to be higher in smokers compared to nonsmokers. (p <.05) BECK Depression Scale scores of smokers were found to be significantly different compared to nonsmokers (p =.00). In addition, it was observed that smokers needed more psychological medical support than nonsmokers (p =.00). Conclusions: This study revealed that although some significant results were found between smoking and some factors that cause back pain, there was no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) and ergonomic risk factors are very common in bakery workers. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to (1) assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among bakers because they use automated machines or traditional baking, and (2) to determine the strategies to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in bakers. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from the beginning to February 4, 2022, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Mesh keywords and phrases were used to execute the search strategy. Information on MSDs and ergonomic risk factors in bakery workers was collected. Two reviewers worked independently on study selection, data extraction, and paper quality ranking. RESULTS: This study identified 14 papers from seven countries. Although the prevalence of MSDs in bakery workers has been studied, only a handful of them have been studied ergonomic risk factors, and the findings have been very limited. The association between different risk factors and MSDs seemed significant compared to many other occupational diseases. The traditional bread-baking system and lack of mechanization may increase the risk of MSDs in bakery workers. CONCLUSION: WRMSDs for bakery workers have been less studied than other occupational diseases. Our systematic review found several significant relations between the factors influencing the prevalence of MSDs. This study also showed the comparison of traditional and modern cooking systems with diseases of the upper limbs, shoulders, and back pain as possible fields for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knee, low back, and shoulder account for most overuse injuries in volleyball. Previous researchers have used methodology that did not examine the extent of injury burden and effect on performance. To develop a more accurate and complete understanding regarding the weekly prevalence and burden of knee, low back, and shoulder problems within the highest levels of men's volleyball, including the role that preseason complaints, match participation, player position, team, and age have on complaints. Descriptive epidemiology study. Professional volleyball clubs and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I program. A total of 75 male volleyball players, representing 4 teams playing in their country's respective premier league (Japan, Qatar, Turkey, and the United States), participated over a 3-season period. Players completed a weekly questionnaire (Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire) reporting pain related to their sport and the extent to which knee, low back, and shoulder problems affected participation, training volume, and performance. Problems leading to moderate or severe reductions in training volume or performance or the inability to participate were considered substantial problems. The mean weekly prevalence of knee, low back, and shoulder problems based on 102 player-seasons was 31% (95% CI = 28%, 34%), 21% (95% CI = 18%, 23%), and 19% (95% CI = 18%, 21%), respectively. Most players (93%, 95/102 player-seasons) reported some level of knee (79%, n = 81/102 player-seasons), low back (71%, n = 72/102 player-seasons), or shoulder (67%, n = 68/102 player-seasons) complaints during the season. Most players (58%, n = 59/102 player-seasons) experienced at least 1 episode of substantial problems affecting the knee (33%, n = 34/102 player-seasons), low back (27%, n = 28/102 player-seasons), or shoulder (27%, n = 28/102 player-seasons). Players with preseason complaints had more in-season complaints than teammates without preseason problems (mean weekly prevalence: knee, 42% versus 8%, t49 = −18.726, P <.001; low back, 34% versus 6%, t32 = −12.025, P <.001; shoulder, 38% versus 8%, t30 = −10.650, P <.001). Nearly all included elite male volleyball players experienced knee, low back, or shoulder problems, and most had at least 1 bout that substantially reduced training participation or sport performance. These findings suggest that knee, low back, and shoulder problems result in greater injury burden than previously reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Although the effectiveness of teriparatide on bone mineral density (BMD), fracture risk, and back pain in severe osteoporosis is known, no comprehensive study has been conducted in the Turkish population regarding its impact on mobility and patient satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of teriparatide treatment on mobility, back pain, and patient satisfaction in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures, as well as its side effects in midterm follow-up. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Between February 2018 and April 2023, 50 consecutive patients (mean age 69.9±9.0 years; range, 53 to 94 years) who were diagnosed with vertebral fractures due to severe osteoporosis and had received 20 µg/day subcutaneous teriparatide (median, 18 months) were included in the study. The patients were evaluated using BMD measurements, blood tests, radiological imaging, a visual pain score (VAS-pain), mobility assessments [Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC)], and patient satisfaction levels at baseline, 6th, and 18th months. Results: At 6 and 18 months, a significant decrease in VAS-pain and a significant increase in BMD and FAC were observed (p<0.001 for all values). The improvement observed at 6 months continued to increase until the 18th month. 96% of the patients reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment. The treatment of three patients (6%) was discontinued because of side effects in the 15th month of treatment. After the completion of teriparatide treatment, two patients developed clinical vertebral fractures during follow-up. No life-threatening side effects or laboratory abnormalities were observed in any patient. Conclusion: Teriparatide treatment in severe osteoporotic vertebral fractures with back pain has shown a dramatic reduction in pain and significant improvement in ambulation levels, providing high patient satisfaction with reasonable side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: Musculoskeletal pain is among the most common symptoms in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and it has placed a significant burden on health worldwide during the pandemic. This study explored vaccine hesitancy and associated factors in patients with positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test results who were hospitalized and had back pain. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 170 hospitalized COVID-19 patients over 18 years of age. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with IBM SPSS ver. 25.0. Results: COVID-19 patients who were married considered COVID-19 vaccinations riskier than unmarried COVID-19 patients. Patients who had not been vaccinated expressed higher levels of distrust towards COVID-19 vaccines than patients who had been vaccinated. Participants had relatively little hesitation toward the Sinovac vaccine. High vaccine confidence was found in all participants regardless of vaccination status. Those who had not received the COVID-19 vaccine reported higher risk perceptions than those who had received at least 1 dose of any COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: Measurements of the hesitancy of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients or members of society towards vaccines can be an important parameter for health authorities to find solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) develop due to exposure to physical and psycho-social factors in the work environment. The diagnostic criteria and prevalence of WMSDs are not well established. In this study, we aimed to determine which WMSDs occur in automotive industry workers and what the underlying risk factors may be. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed that included 200 automotive industry workers who were diagnosed with a WMSD by physical and radiological examination in the physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinic in the past year. We recorded demographic data, risk factors and WMSD diagnosis names for the patients. Results: In our study, the most common diagnosis was low back disorder (66.5%), followed by neck and shoulder (58%) and upper extremity (23%) disorders. There was a statistically significant increase in the occurrences of shoulder-neck diseases, upper extremity, and low back-lower extremity diseases in workers with inappropriate posture (P < 0.001). Workers who exerted heavy effort or performed repetitive motions were statistically more likely to experience upper extremity disorders (P < 0.001) as well as low backlower extremity disorders (P = 0.020 and P < 0.001, respectively); there was no statistically significant change in the incidence of shoulder and neck diseases with heavy effort (P = 0.538). Conclusion: WMSD is a serious health and economic problem. In our study, we found that low back and lower extremities and neck and shoulder problems are the most common types of WMSDs in individuals working in the automotive sector. Not using proper posture while working causes health problems in the shoulders, neck, upper extremities and low back and lower extremities. Employees in this sector should be encouraged to use good work ergonomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatolia has been settled by numerous civilizations and many excavations uncover the traces of these civilizations. Excavation is a hard labor and some part of this hard work are performed by anthropologists, archaeologists and art historians. This can affect the skeletal systems of the workers after a long period of labor in excavations. In order to see wheteher physical activity has an effect, a survey was designed. The aim of the study is to reveal the most common skeletal system problems and their reasons in these professionals. A 20-questions-survey was applied to 303 academicians and museum staff who actively attend archaeological and paleontological excavations. The Google Forms application was used to apply the survey and its automatic statistic program yields the descriptive statistics for the research. The results reveal that working in excavation conditions cause effective skeletal system problems, especially in vertebral bones. 208 of 303 participants declare vertebra related problems, whereas 71 of them were diagnosed with herniated disc. These problems are seen in the later ages in the field work and therefore can be related with excavation conditions. Working in relatively short excavation periods and with a low budget, anthropologists, archaeologists and art historians have to overwork in little time. This is the major cause of working in unsuitable body postures. Nevertheless, a new strategy of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism plans to extend the excavations for the whole year with more professional workers to provide a chance to reduce skeletal system problems in anthropologists, archaeologists, art historians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To determine the effect of position change that is applied after percutaneous coronary intervention on vital signs, back pain and vascular complications. Background: In order to minimise the postprocedural complications, patients are restricted to prolonged bed rest that is always accompanied by back pain and haemodynamic instability. Design: Randomised‐controlled quasi‐experimental study. Methods: The study sample chosen for this study included 200 patients who visited a hospital in Turkey between July 2014–November 2014. Patients were divided into two groups by randomisation. Patients in the control group (CG, n = 100) were put in a supine position, in which the head of the bed (HOB) was elevated to 15°, the patient's leg on the side of the intervention was kept straight and immobile; positional change was applied to patients in the experimental group (EG, n = 100). Results: After the procedure in the EG, the systolic blood pressure (T4–T6), the rate of postprocedural vascular complications (1%) and the back pain scores were significantly lower (between T5–T6) than the CG, also, the back pain was the lowest level in the standard fowler's position in the 6th hr wherein the HOB was elevated by 45–60°. Conclusions: It was found that systolic blood pressure and back pain were at the lowest levels in the standard fowler's position in the 6th hr after the procedure when the HOB was elevated 45–60° and the result was clinically significant and the position change decreased back pain without causing any vascular complications. Relevance to clinical practice: Low fowler's position was applied in which HOB was elevated 15–30° and standard fowler's position was applied in which the HOB was elevated 45–60° could be safe and applicable in patients by nurses after the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): To investigate the association between striae gravidarum and low back pain in pregnancy.Study Design: 200 healthy pregnant women with first, uncomplicated and singleton pregnancy at a gestation age of 36-37 weeks were evaluated for striae gravidarum Davey score. Back pain was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale and functional disability by the Turkish version of Oswestry Disability Index.Results: 118 (59%) had low back pain. The Davey score was higher in women with low back pain (6.6 ± 2.2 vs. 4.4 ± 2.1; p < 0.001). Davey score and total Oswestry Disability Index score were positively correlated with Visual Analogue Scale in women with low back pain (r = 0.570, p < 0.001 and r = 0.329, p < 0.001, respectively). There were also significant positive correlations between Davey scores and Oswestry Disability Index scores of each different situation (pain intensity, personal care and lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, sexual life, social life and travelling).Conclusion: Presence and severity of low back pain is correlated with the presence and severity of striae gravidarum in pregnant women. Therefore, the presence of low back pain can be predicted by simple striae gravidarum evaluation and follow-up. So, necessary precautions can be recommended to prevent pain and functional limitations that can occur during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Validation of a self-report questionnaire.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire.Summary Of Background Data: Low back pain is one of the most frequent disorders leading to activity limitation. This pain affects most of people in their lives. The most important point to evaluate patient's functional abilities and to decide a successful therapy procedure is to manage the assessment questionnaires precisely.Methods: One hundred ten patients with chronic low back pain were included in present study. To assess reliability, test-retest and internal consistency analyses were applied. The results of test-retest analysis were assessed by using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient method (95% confidence interval). For internal consistency, Cronbach alpha value was calculated. Validity of the questionnaire was assessed in terms of construct validity. For construct validity, factor analysis and convergent validity were tested. For convergent validity, total points of the Bournemouth Questionnaire were assessed with the total points of Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire by using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis.Results: Cronbach alpha value was found 0.914, showing that this questionnaire has high internal consistency. The results of test-retest analysis were varying between 0.851 and 0.927, which shows that test-retest results are highly correlated. Factor analysis test indicated that this questionnaire had one factor. Pearson correlation coefficient of the Bournemouth Questionnaire with Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire was calculated 0.703 and it was found with Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale is 0.659. These results showed that the Bournemouth Questionnaire is very good correlated with Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale.Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire is valid and reliable.Level Of Evidence: 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the relationship between pain threshold and oxidative stress levels in patients with acute and chronic inflammatory or non-inflammatory back pain. A total of 137 patients were recruited for the study, including 33 acute back pain (32 lumbar disk herniation, 1 lumbar spondilosis) (16 men, 17 women), 35 with chronic back pain (33 lumbar disk herniation, 1 lumbar spondilosis, 1 sacralisation) (16 men, 19 women), 34 with ankylosing spondylitis (21 men, 13 women) (AS) and 35 without any back pain (15 men, 20 women). The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain levels and algometry was used to evaluate the pain threshold in all cases. In addition, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed in all patients. The mean ages for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 40.3±10.3, 39.9±9.7, 40.6±10.4, and 38.5±8.1 years, respectively. There was no significant difference between the ages of the groups (p=0.851) (Table 1). The VAS scores of all groups were significantly higher compared to the control group. Particularly, the acute and chronic back pain groups had significantly higher VAS scores than those of the AS group. All three back pain groups had significantly higher serum MDA levels compared to those of the control group (p<0.01). Moreover, serum MDA levels of acute back pain group were significantly higher than the chronic back pain and AS groups (p=0.004 and p=0.032). Pain threshold levels of the acute and chronic back pain group were significantly lower compared to the control group (p=0.002 and p=0.001). In contrast, the pain threshold levels of the AS group were higher than the control group. Oxidative stress levels in patients with inflammatory and non-inflammatory back pain are higher than in the controls, which suggests that oxidative stress may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of these diseases. Interestingly, the pain threshold levels in AS patients were found to be higher, which indicates an ongoing desensitization process in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of our study was to describe musculoskeletal system tuberculosis (TB) as a single-center experience., Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted at a TB Dispensary in the east Mediterranean part of Turkey between 2004 and 2020. The clinical and demographic characteristics including age, gender, involvement location and duration of illness, presenting complaint, local examination findings, treatment outcome were retrieved and analyzed from the case files. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics version 17.0 (IBM). The normality of data analysed by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. The descriptive statistics were reported as mean ± standard deviation, medians, and ranges (min-max)., Results: Overall, 31 patients (3.2 % of all TB cases) with a mean age of 44.2 ± 16.7 years had musculoskeletal tuberculosis. The mean duration of treatment was 12.9 ± 5.5 months. Of the 31 patients, six (19.4 %) had concomitant pulmonary TB. One of the patients was in the pediatrics age group, and two of them were in the geriatric group. The most affected area was the vertebra. The most common complaint of the patients was back pain and seen in 22 patients (70.9 %)., Conclusions: The physicians should be suspicious about the diagnosis of musculoskeletal TB disease. If the diagnosis and treatment are delayed, spinal damage and other consequences might be incurable.

Background: Chronic back pain has a major physical and psycho-social impact. There have been few subjective assessments of everyday life in relation to migration and ethnicity. Through a descriptive and qualitative cross-cultural design, the aim was to develop an in-depth understanding of how Turkish immigrants experience living with back pain., Methods: We conducted a qualitative study based on interviews with Turkish immigrants suffering from CBP recruited from a rheumatology outpatient clinic. The analysis was based on Giorgi's phenomenological analysis., Results: Eleven Turkish participants with chronic back pain (mean age 47.6) were recruited. Three essences resulted from the analysis: "Overwhelming and prevailing pain" - reflecting pain taking control of everyday life, "Being distressed in community life" - encompassing how pain causes changes in social roles, and "Looking for a way out of pain" - referring to feeling lost when being treated in the healthcare system, finding pain-management strategies and returning to Turkey for assistance., Conclusion: Chronic back pain has a significant influence on daily life. Pain changes the feeling of identity relating to close relationships and in the Labor market. Most participants' proficiency in Danish language skills posed a challenge for the existing treatment paradigm, in which information is crucial for successful rehabilitation.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONTo improve access to both info on chronic back pain and its treatment, it is crucial that rehabilitation be offered in a range of languages.Proficiency in Danish varies greatly among immigrants, despite years of stay in Denmark. Engaging a professional interpreter early on in the rehabilitation program might improve patient compliance to the preferred treatment regimen.Including a peer-to-peer educational approach in parts of the rehabilitation program might be beneficial, as some immigrants remain skeptical towards the health care system in Denmark.

Background: Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is the term of persistent back and/or leg pain after lumbar surgery. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (r-TMS) is a technique that allows noninvasive and relatively painless stimulation of cerebral cortex. It can reduce the experience of chronic pain by producing the small electrical currents in the cortex via magnetic field., Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of r-TMS treatment on patients with FBSS., Study Design: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial., Setting: The Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic of Istanbul Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey., Methods: In this double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 20 patients (aged 34-65 years) clinically diagnosed as FBSS who had a history of surgery for lumbar disc herniation with persistent back and leg pain were reviewed. Only patients with no root compression and/or spinal stenosis in postoperative magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar spine were included. Patients were randomly assigned to r-TMS (n:10) and sham (n:10) groups. Patients in the r-TMS group received 5 Hz of r-TMS as a 20-minute (1,000 pulses) daily session, 5 days per week, for a total of 10 sessions. r-TMS was applied with MagVenture device (MagPro X100, Denmark, 2009) and figure 8 coil (MMC 140 parabolic, MagVenture). Control group received sham r-TMS with the same protocol. Each patient was evaluated at baseline, days 5 and 10 of treatment, and 1 and 3 months after treatment. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used for evaluation., Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for age, gender, number of surgeries, pain duration, working status, and drug usage. Significant improvements were achieved in DN4, ODI, BDI, and PSQI scores in the r-TMS group in comparison to the sham group. Both groups displayed improvements in VAS scores, whereas improvement in the sham group was limited to the first month. Achieved improvements in the r-TMS group in terms of VAS, DN4, ODI, BDI, and PSQI scores were sustained at the third month., Limitations: The limited number of patients and the short follow-up periods are the main limitations of our study. Further placebo-controlled studies with longer follow-up periods and greater number of cases would be beneficial for examining r-TMS application as a new treatment option in patients with FBSS., Conclusions: r-TMS might be an effective alternative treatment in patients with FBSS, further studies with larger groups are needed.