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The present study aims to examine the effect of the life skills training guide on the development of pre-service science teachers' professional knowledge of entrepreneurial skills. The study included 82 pre-service science teachers studying in the third year of a public university in Turkey during the 2019-2020 academic year. The data of the study, which was conducted with a one-group pre-test-post-test experimental design, were collected using the entrepreneurship skills professional knowledge test. The data were analyzed using the professional knowledge assessment rubric and entrepreneurship skill indicators. The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between the pre-and post-test scores of the pre-service teachers in favor of the post-test scores. Following the experimental process, their professional knowledge about entrepreneurship increased. However, the number of pre-service teachers who were able to improve their professional knowledge scores to a high level was limited. Furthermore, following the experimental process, there was an increase in the number of pre-service teachers who were able to develop appropriate activities for students to gain entrepreneurial skills and to prepare tools for measuring and evaluating students' entrepreneurial skills in a way to include stressed indicators. Consequently, the present study provides science teacher educators with educational activities that they can model within the scope of teaching professional knowledge of entrepreneurship skills to pre-service science teachers.

This study aims to evaluate mathematics curriculum used in social sciences high schools' preparatory classes based on Stufflebeam (CIPP) evaluation model in terms of context, input, process and product dimensions. With this aim, this study seeks to answer "How is preparatory class mathematics curriculum (PCMC) evaluated in terms of its context, input, process and products?" from the viewpoint of teachers and students. Case study method which is one of qualitative research methods is used in this study. The study is carried out in the first term of 2021-2022 academic year in a social sciences high school which uses National Ministry of Education's curriculum. Participants of the study are 65 students and four mathematics teachers. Mathematics achievement test and interview forms are used as data gathering tools. The results of the study revealed that both teachers and students have critical views of context, input, process and product dimensions of the curriculum; however, the criticisms intensify in process and product dimensions of the curriculum. Another finding of the study is that specific conditions of schools and characteristics of students and teachers have a major impact on commitment to curriculum, teaching-learning processes and learning outcomes. Some recommendations are made for implementers and researchers based on the findings of the study. [This article includes an extended summary in Turkish.]

This study was carried out to determine the effect of Scratch-based coding applications integrated into the 5E learning model used in science teaching on students' computational thinking skills and self-efficacy towards block-based programming. In addition, students' perceptions of the activity were measured after each Scratch activity, which was applied at different stages of the course and with different difficulty. The study employed the pretest-posttest control group less design, one of the quasi-experimental methods. The study sample consist of 22 6th grade students attending a public school in Turkey located in a district center in the Eastern Black Sea region. The study was carried out in a five-week period in the 2022-2023 academic years. Computational thinking scale and robotics attitude scale, self-efficacy perception scale related to block-based programming and activity perception scale were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed using the dependent samples t-test. The findings suggest that computational thinking skills level of students and their self-efficacy perception related to block-based programming increased significantly with the Scratch-based activities integrated into 5E learning model applied in science subjects. In addition, students have positive attitudes towards these activities. Thus, it is recommended to apply Scratch-based coding applications in teaching science subjects.

Relevant literature has an unexplored question on how prediction-observation-explanation (POE) worksheets affect science process skills of students with mild intellectual disabilities (SMID). Therefore, this research aimed to examine the effect of POE worksheets developed for the "matter and its nature" subject on SMID's science process skills. Through pre-experimental research design, 12 fifth grade SMID participated in the research. To collect data, the researchers used science process skills development forms and rubrics to score their observations. During the teaching intervention, SMID implemented three POE worksheets, which included buzz 22 technique in the 'prediction' stage, hands-on experiments and QR codes in the 'observation' stage and snowball, learning gallery or card showing techniques in the 'evaluation' stage. The results indicated that the POE worksheets are effective at developing SMID's science process skills of the "matter and its nature" subject. This research recommends that future comparative research should unveil how the POE worksheets with/without active learning techniques impact the SMID's SPS.

The purpose of this research is to examine how working individually and as a team in solving pedagogical scenarios for teaching science subjects is reflected in the teaching preferences of preservice science teachers. This interpretive case study was conducted with 69 preservice science teachers studying at a university in eastern Turkey. The data of the study were collected using the teaching pedagogy preference form. The data analysis included descriptive analysis based on four instructional pedagogies: direct instruction, direct active, guided inquiry, and open inquiry. The research results revealed that preservice teachers did not sufficiently turn to inquiry-based teaching pedagogy for solving problem scenarios in both individual and teamwork. In addition, the results indicated that preservice science teachers' professional knowledge of teaching various science subjects is largely based on traditional teaching pedagogy. Based on these results, it is recommended that science educators use problem scenarios to reveal preservice teachers' inquiry-based teaching preferences.

Any science teacher must first acquire analytical thinking skills in order to give their students the ability to think analytically. Therefore, the candidacy period is important for teachers to develop and transform this skill into professional knowledge. Based on this idea, the current research aims to determine the ability of third-grade preservice science teachers to use analytical thinking skills. An Analytical Thinking Test is used in the research conducted survey method. This test consists of twenty case-based science scenarios in total from four different learning fields. These scenarios are designed according to the analytical thinking skill dimensions of Marzano's Taxonomy. Preservice science teachers (N=158) from two public universities have participated in the study. It was determined that the majority of preservice science teachers weakly used their analytical thinking skills. It was revealed that preservice science teachers had difficulties respectively in classification -- specification -- error analysis -- generalization -- comparison according to Marzano's taxonomy from most to least while solving scenarios. It is recommended that the science educators develop the designs to improve the analytical thinking skills of the candidates in the courses they conduct on the basis of the results of the research. In addition, science educators should pay attention to development in the dimensions of classification and specification by considering the alternative conceptions of the preservice science teachers.

During COVID-19 period, positive psychology and positive aspects of human nature become important. The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of self-transcendence and psychological resilience in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and subjective happiness in university students during the COVID-19 period. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Self-transcendence Scale and Subjective Happiness Scale were completed online by 437 university students. According to the results of correlation analysis, positive significant correlations were found between psychological resilience, self-transcendence and subjective happiness and fear of COVID-19 was negatively related to these variables. The mediating roles were examined by using the bootstrap method with Hayes' PROCESS template. As a result of this analysis, the serial multiple mediation of self-transcendence and psychological resilience in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and subjective happiness was statistically significant. Obtained findings were discussed in line with the literature and suggestions were made to the researchers.

The aim of this study is to analyse university students' perceptions about the Coronavirus concept through metaphor analysis. The data were obtained from 186 students studying in the Education Faculty of a university. Phenomenology research design, one of the qualitative research patterns, was used in this study. The data obtained in the study were collected with the expression "Coronavirus is like…because…" and document analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data. It was found that the students who participated in the study created 133 well-structured metaphors related with the concept of coronavirus. According to the results obtained from the study, it was found that students mostly created negative metaphors about the concept of coronavirus. The metaphors created by the students who participated in the study were grouped under 11 conceptual categories as "being contagious, causing damage / being fatal, being hidden, being unifying / regulating / leaving positive effects on people, affecting large areas / the process covering a large period of time / changing life and affecting everyone equally, isolation, taking measures, social distance, emotions, restriction, uncertainty". Based on the metaphors created by the students, it was found that the concept of Coronavirus was explained with more than one and different metaphors.

The purpose of this study is to examine the life satisfaction and automatic negative thoughts perception of physical education, art and music pre-service teachers. Students (n=387) who training in physical education and sport, art work and music departments participated in this study. Results showed that physical education teacher candidates' life satisfaction scores were significantly higher than those of art and music teacher candidates. On the other hand, the automatic negative thought perceptions of the art and music pre-service teachers were found to be higher than the physical education teacher candidates. Life satisfaction levels of the physical education pre-service teachers are found to be high, negative thought levels were low. Current findings emphasize the importance of participating in sports activities in order to increase the life satisfaction levels of pre-service teachers and decrease their negative automatic thinking levels.

Distance education is an education model in which the lessons can be taught simultaneously using technical material without time and space restrictions. It has gained importance after the COVID-19 pandemic processes and has been implemented as a valid educational model in all educational institutions. Due to the sudden pandemic measures, distance education has brought about a lot of technical problems at unprepared educational institutions against the pandemic. In this paper, a classification approach is proposed by machine learning methods on Twitter instead of the usual structured research methods such as survey, one-on-one meeting for technical problems of distance education. The most encountered and commented distance education problem, which can be defined in different languages by the proposed method, have been analysed with Turkey example. Sentiment analysis has been made from negative and neutral tweets about distance education. The problems have been classified by natural language processing methods based on Turkish word analysis.

A Sportsmanship is a concept defined as the awareness of having the values required by sports and the golden key of sports activities. Family attitude and gender are thought to be among the concepts that affect sportsmanship. In this study, it was aimed to examine sportsmanship behavior with family attitude and gender characteristics. The research group consisted of 300 students randomly selected from the secondary schools in the city center of Antalya in the 2018-2019 education year, with a mean age of 12.48 ± 79. In the research conducted with the screening model, the "Physical Education Course Sportsmanship Behavior Scale (BEDSDÖ)" developed by Koç (2013) and a personal information form were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used as descriptive statistics methods for personal information. As the data showed normal distribution, the t-test for paired groups and the Anova test for multiple comparisons was used. According to the findings, it was determined that the sportsmanship behaviors of the students were at a high level. A statistically significant difference was found in favor of female students in the sub-dimensions of displaying appropriate behavior according to gender and avoiding inappropriate behavior and in the total of the scale. While there was no statistically significant difference in the dimension of exhibiting appropriate behavior according to the family attitudes of the students, the scores of the students who showed democratic family attitude were higher than the scores of the children of the families with free attitudes in the dimension of avoiding inappropriate behavior and in the total of the scale. When the sportsmanship behavior scores of secondary school students were examined, it was observed that the scores of the female students were higher than the male students. It is thought that changing family attitudes will improve the sportsmanship behaviors of the society.

All over the world and especially in Turkey, the success level regarding math is well below the desired rate. The main reasons for this situation are negative attitudes and anxiety towards math. It is observed that the students and the teachers experience anxiety about the Arithmetic Operations, which is one of the beginning subjects of math. On the other hand, it is stated in the literature that educational games can be used to eliminate anxieties about math. In this context, an educational math game, which can be used on mobile devices, was tried to be developed in this study in order to reach more users. The product obtained as a result of this study, which was realized according to the design and development research method, was evaluated by 69 middle school students taking classes in city of Van in Turkey. In the evaluation, it was seen that the students gave positive opinions about the game developed. The students stated that they thought the application was highly interesting and could contribute to their math successes. After the evaluation process, the application was put into use around the world and it was installed on 6500 devices from 180 different countries in a three-month period. It was observed that the number of users who did not delete the game after installing and kept it on their device is 2735. Therefore, it is thought that the product developed as a result of the research can serve its purpose.

This research aimed to examine the effects of process-based writing modular program on writer identity. Process based writing modular program has been developed by considering process-based writing approach. In this study, quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest was used. The research was carried out with six second grade students. The data was collected through semi-structured interview questions and content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. The results showed that process-based writing modular program supported the students to think more about the writing subject. In addition, it was found out that the students were more positive about the editing and sharing of the writings they wrote. After the program, it was seen that the students gained sensitivity not only in terms of content but also in terms of formatting. In this process, it was determined that students diversified their writing content and subjects and became willing to write in different text types. In addition, it was found in the post-interview that the discourse about the importance of writing to the students increased.

The aim of this study is to examine the prospective science teachers' understanding towards entrepreneurial skills. This study, which 146 prospective science teachers of 3rd grade at two state universities in Turkey have participated in, is carried out through the case study method. The data of the research are gathered with "'Entrepreneurial Approach Interview Form (EAIF)'". The acquired data are analyzed by using the content analysis method. It is observed that the relation between entrepreneurship and economy is particularly explained with several characteristics by about one third of prospective teachers, whereas the vast majority of them are unable to establish this relation or give meaningless replies as a result of the research. However, it is found out that the great majority of the prospective teachers are able to explain upon the opportunities of entrepreneurship on the basis of the cultural structure of society. It is seen that very few prospective teachers emphasize on creativity and innovation important in regarding to using entrepreneurial skill. Nevertheless, it is observed that integration of the prospective teachers' sense of entrepreneurship with technology is inadequate. In addition, it is understood that the vast number of the prospective teachers are incompetent about how they will be able to use the nature and environment when they put their opinions into practice (in the process of business establishment). Moreover, it is revealed that very few candidates are aware of performing the operations such as determining the business idea, making a preliminary assessment of the business idea and questioning the feasibility of the business idea. Furthermore, it is determined that almost all candidates do not have information about the process and content of preparing a business plan. These results show that the prospective science teachers' understanding towards entrepreneurial skill is quite weak.

The aim of this study is to examine experimental studies conducted with solution focused brief therapy psychological counselling in Turkey. In this study in which descriptive method was used, the data were analysed with document analysis. In this respect, a total of 26 studies, 24 graduate theses and 2 articles, which were conducted experimentally with solution focused counselling approach, were analysed. According to the results of the study, it was found that there was an increase in studies conducted with this approach in recent years, the majority of the studies were conducted in the fields of education and nursing, and the sample groups of the study were mostly secondary school, high school and university students. It was found that mostly group counselling method and semi-experimental pattern were used in studies, a great majority of the studies were conducted with 6 sessions, all of the studies except one included control group, 3 of the studies included placebo group and follow-up test was conducted in 14 of the studies. It was found that the studies were applied on very different problem areas, mainly undesired behaviours and that 4 of the studies met all the criteria determined for solution focused approach. When the studies conducted were examined, it was found that there were no studies in which solution focused approach was compared with another psychotherapy approach. As a result of the study, it was found that in all studies except one, solution focused counselling had a significant effect on the experimental group.

This study aims to find out the effects on pre-service teachers of a constructivist teaching approach aided by use of a Porphyrios-tree. Use of a Porphyrios-tree is thought to be the basis of and most principled conceptual teaching tool to aid meaningful comprehension about concepts of interspecies relationships. The study has a quasi-experimental design and uses a single-group pre-test and post-test model. The study group consists of 3rd Grade Social Studies pre-service teachers who are studying in the Faculty of Education at a university in Turkey. The study has a two-tier application, the first of which is dedicated to conducting interviews with each participant for nearly 20 minutes in a suitable environment. Stage two is designed to conclude whether or not the responses from the individual or group interviews about the Porphyrios-tree drawings do help to resolve any misconceptions. A structured grid was used for data collection in these interviews. Data analysis was performed by analyzing the quantitative values obtained from the structured grid with SPSS 22.0. It was found out that pre-service teachers developed the most alternative conceptions in their learning about mutualism and commensalism. Also, after the application of Porphyrios-tree, the students' alternative conceptions about of "positive interaction (mutualism, commensalism)" was eliminated. More strikingly, the pre-service teachers' post-test scores are higher in all statements of the grid. Consequently, it is recommended to carry out further research with different variables to enlighten about whether the Porphyrios-tree is an effective teaching tool in other subjects.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of in-service education designed to improve early childhood teachers' environmental awareness, knowledge, attitudes and their skills on integrating environmental issues in their teaching. Thirty early childhood teachers in the treatment group and Thirty in the control group participated the study. Teachers in the control group did not attain in-service education. Teachers responded to the Environmental Problems Attitude Scale (EPAS) before and after the in-service education. After the education process, teachers in the treatment group provided qualitative data about the impact of this education. For the treatment group the Mann-Whitney U test revealed a significant increase from pretest to posttest. Mann-Whitney U did not indicate a significant increase for the control group. Three major themes derived from qualitative data. These are an increase in environmental awareness, an increase in individual responsibility and taking action, as well as increased motivation and being better equipped for environmental education.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between high school teachers' workplace friendship and school culture perceptions. The research was carried out with a total of 330 teachers from 8 Anatolian high schools and 8 vocational high schools selected by stratified sampling method in Efeler District of Aydin Province, Turkey in the 2017-2018 academic year. When the data were analyzed, 8 data collection tools which were filled in and which did not carry normality conditions were removed without investigation and analyzed through 322 data collection tools. In the collection of the data "Personal Information Form" created by researchers; "Workplace Friendship Scale" that it developed by Nielsen, Jex and Adams (2000), adapted to Turkish by Kiral (2016) and the "School Culture Scale" developed by Terzi (2005) was used. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for the construct validity of the School Culture Scale. In the analysis of the data, t-test, Kruskal Wallis H-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test were used. The Pearson Moments Multiplication Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the relationship between workplace friendship and school culture perception of high school teachers. According to the results of the research, it was found that the "friendship opportunity" and "task culture" perceptions of the high school teachers were higher than the other dimensions. The friendship prevalence of female teachers is higher than that of male teachers; the friendship prevalence and general friendship of married teachers is higher than that of single teachers; the bureaucratic culture perception level of high school teachers in the age group of 35 and under is higher than 41-45 age group; the achievement culture perception level of vocational high school teachers is higher than that of Anatolian high school teachers. Positive and significant relationship between workplace friendship and school culture was found.

The aim of this study is to examine the personal professional development efforts of science and technology teachers in their fields with regard to some variables. These variables were determined as gender, year of seniority and sufficiency level of the laboratory equipment. Moreover, the relation between the actual efforts exerted by science and technology teachers and the ideal level of efforts to be exerted by them for personal professional development in their fields was examined. In this study, survey model was applied. Research population was composed of science and technology teachers working in the central district of Eskisehir, a province in Turkey. Sampling was not made and it was attempted to get in contact with all 189 teachers covered in the population. However, data could not be obtained from some teachers and therefore, sampling of the study consisted of 130 teachers. As a data collection tool, "Scale of the Personal Professional Development Efforts of Science and Technology Teachers in their Fields" developed by the researchers was utilised in the research. In the comparison by gender, independent samples t-test was utilised while Anova was used in the comparison by the year of seniority and sufficiency level of the laboratory equipment. When the results of the research are examined, it is seen that female teachers use communication skills more effectively than male teachers. Also, as the senior years of teachers increased, the frequency of using and updating the technology decreased.

This research investigated the effects of perceived social support and psychological resilience on social media addiction among university students. The research group was composed of 503 university students. The ages of participant students varied between 17 and 31 years old. 340 (67.6%) of the participants are female and 163 (32.4%) of them are male. The Personal Information Form, Perceived Social Support Scale, Psychological Resilience Scale, and Social Media Addiction Scale were used as data collection instruments. The data obtained were analyzed with the Pearson's correlation and hierarchic regression. Negative relationship was observed between perceived social support and social media addiction and between psychological resilience and social media addiction. Furthermore, it was found that perceived social support significantly predicted the subscale of perceived social support from friends and psychological resilience was a significantly predictor of social media addiction. The findings were discussed in the light of the related literature.

This study investigated the perceptions of EFL teachers' regarding written corrective feedback and the relationship between written corrective feedback preferences, self-efficacy beliefs and burnout levels. To investigate the effect of these contextual factors related to choices and perceptions of teachers, a mixed-methods design integrating qualitative and quantitative data collection and analyzing techniques and methods was used. A total of 36 instructors teaching English at various state universities in Turkey are involved in the study. To collect data, a semi-structured interview and three different questionnaires were used. Results demonstrated a significant correlation between written corrective feedback preferences and burnout levels of the participant teachers. They also indicated a significant correlation between written corrective feedback preferences of teachers and their self-efficacy levels. Among other results, explicit and unfocused written feedback preferences of teachers and the relationship between their preferences and their experience levels were significant.

The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of sports education model and direct teaching model on the attitudes of the students, and the differences among the attitudes of students. The study group of the research included 29 students from 6th and 7th grade of a secondary school in the 2015-2016 academic years. The experimental group consisted of students attended in the sixth class in which the physical education and sports lesson was conducted using the "sports education model" while the control group was the students in the 7th class in which the physical education and sports lesson was conducted using the "direct teaching model." As a data collection tool; the "Internal Motivation Inventory" developed by Ryan (1982) and adapted to Turkish by Çaliskur (2013) was used. In the analysis of the data; the "Mann Whitney U" test was used for the significance of the differences between post-implementation attitudes of the groups. In addition, the interview questions prepared by the researchers were answered by the students and the data were recorded. As a result, significant differences were found in the students' interest/enjoyment, perceived competence, value/benefit, effort/importance and work perception dimensions, but no significant difference was detected in the perceived choice rights and pressure/tension.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of REACT strategy developed in relation to "Particulate nature of the matter" subject on academic achievement and conceptual change. This study was accompanied by pre-test-post-test control group design. The academic achievement and concept test, which were developed, was distributed to 55 experimental group students and 47 control group students, which makes 102 learners in total. These learners are studying at 6th grade. REACT strategy was implemented on experimental group. Control group was exposed to current Science and Technology Curriculum. As a result of conducted implementations, it was detected that both academic achievement and conceptual change of experimental group students are better than control group students. Therefore, it is possible to say that REACT strategy is more efficient than the Ministry of National Education's curriculum. Interview with students in the direction of determined objective in addition to academic achievement and concept test may be recommended for future studies.

The aim of this study is to investigate effects of the guiding materials developed based on the "fire context" and related to "expansion-contraction" concepts in the conceptual understanding of students. A quasi-experimental method has been used in the study. The sample group of the study consists of 5th grade students selected from elementary school. A total of 56 (experiment group 27, control group 29) students from two classes have participated in the study. A concept test, an interview consisting of semi-structured questions, and a drawing test, have been utilised in the research. While no significant difference (U = 345, p>0.05) has been found between the pre test scores of the control group and experiment group students, a significant difference (U = 238, p<0.05) has been found in favour of the experiment group in the post test. A great majority of the students have explained the "expansion-contraction" concept as "mass change". The findings obtained from student drawings support this as well. For future studies, development of materials which emphasise the distinction of the concepts of flexibility and mass change and the concepts of expansion and contraction can be suggested.

Purpose: Our single-centre retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) findings and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status of the lesions in patients with clinically-radiologically lymph node-negative invasive breast cancer. Methods: A total of 250 breast lesions diagnosed in preoperative magnetic resonance imaging were identified. All patients were divided into 2 subgroups: LVI-negative and LVI-positive according to the pathological findings of surgical specimens. The 2 groups' DCE-MRI findings, ADC values, and histopathological results of lesions were compared. Results: LVI was detected in 100 of 250 lesions. Younger age than 45 years and larger lesion size than 20 mm were found to be associated with the presence of LVI (P <.001). High histological and nuclear grade (P =.001), HER2-enriched molecular subtype (P =.001), and Ki-67 positivity (P =.016) were significantly associated with LVI. The LVI positivity rate was significantly higher in the lesions with medium-rapid initial phase kinetic curve and washout delayed phase kinetic curve (P =.001). The presence of LVI was significantly associated with the presence of peritumoural edema, sentinel lymph node metastasis, adjacent vessel sign, and increased whole breast vascularity (P <.001). When diffusion-weighted imaging findings were evaluated, it was determined that tumoural ADC values lower than 1068 × 10−6 mm2/second (P =.002) and peritumoural-tumoural ADC ratios higher than 1.5 (P =.001) statistically increased the probability of LVI. Conclusion: The patient's age, various histopathological and DCE-MRI findings, tumoural ADC value, and peritumoural-tumoural ADC ratio may be useful in the preoperative prediction of LVI status in breast cancer lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a Process-Based Writing Modular Instructional Program (PBWMIP), supported with graphic organizers and formative assessment, on second-grade primary school students' writing compositions and attitudes toward writing. This quasi-experimental research design study was conducted with 40 second graders who were chosen for either the experimental group or the control group. Data was gathered through written texts and attitude scales related to writing. Pretest and posttest scores of the experimental and control group were analyzed with a two-factor ANOVA test. The results indicate that while there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the quality of writing compositions in favor of experimental group, there was not a significant difference between the groups in terms of the students' attitudes toward writing.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in pregnancy and its relationship with vitamin and mineral use. Materials and Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design. The target population of the study was 612 pregnant women. Data were collected between September and December 2020 using the "pregnant woman information form", the "RLS diagnostic criteria questionnaire" and the "RLS severity assessment scale". Results: Around one in eight participating pregnant women were found to have RLS symptoms. We found that more than half of the pregnant women with RLS experience severe symptoms of RLS. Pregnant women's RLS symptoms were found to as the income level decreased, gestational week increased, coffee consumption increased, weight gained during pregnancy increased, and the number of weekly exercises decreased; RLS symptoms were less common in pregnant women who used magnesium, multivitamin, folic acid and vitamin D (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that RLS is an important health problem in pregnancy and the use of magnesium, multivitamins, folic acid, and Vitamin D reduces the prevalence of RLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aims to reveal the violent experiences of nurses working in the emergency department and the meanings they attribute to them. Methods: This research was conducted as narrative inquiry and interpretive phenomenology and recruited 15 nurses. Interviews with nurses actively working in the emergency department and who had been exposed to violence by patients or their relatives were conducted with a semi‐structured interview form. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used. Results: In the study, three themes were determined (1) Unpredictable event, (2) Interminable effects of violence, and (3) Like a bottomless pit. With seven sub‐themes. Conclusions: This study underlined that violence applied to nurses by patients or relatives of patients in the emergency department is an unexpected situation that causes negative emotions. Violence affects all aspects of life and limits communication with the patient. Coping with a violent situation is challenging for nurses, and they demand support from the management. Summary Statement: What is already known about this topic? Violence is most commonly reported as experienced by nurses in the emergency department.Violence affects nurses deeply and causes negative effects in daily life. What this paper adds: Nurses described the violence perpetrated by patients or by patients' relatives as a situation that causes negative feelings such as anger, worthlessness, and injustice.Nurses emphasized that violence affects their clinical environment and their daily lives. The implications of this paper: The multidimensional and destructive effects of violence on nurses have shown that it is important to make the necessary arrangements quickly to reduce violence in the emergency departmentThe study provides information about the experiences of nurses who have been exposed to violence by patients or their relatives in the emergency department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of enriched learning environments which have been developed in the framework of the "erosion and landslide" concepts on the conceptual understanding of students. A quasi-experimental method has been used in this research. The sample consists of 40 students. 5th grade students (aged 11-12) selected from a primary school in the province of Trabzon in Turkey. To collect data, the researchers used concept test, interview consisting of semi-structured questions and drawing test. When the post test results are examined, a significant difference is identified in favour of the experiment group (U=128,00, p<0.05). However, the fact that students were not able to reflect this result to their drawings is striking. In the post drawings made on the concepts of erosion and landslide, the number of students who did not make any drawings in the experiment and control groups is quite high. This result can be stem from student's operational periods. 5th graders are in the process of transition from the concrete operational period to the abstract operational period. They had problems to reflect their thinkings to drawings. Ready-made pictures were utilized in the poster assignment used in this research. A poster activity which includes the drawings of students can be carried out in a future research.

Code switching involves the interplay of two languages and as well as serving linguistic functions, it has social and psychological implications. In the context of English language teaching, these psychological implications reveal themselves as teachers' thought processes. While the nature of code switching in language classrooms has been widely studied, as yet little if any attention has been paid to the relationship between such switching and the beliefs of the teachers involved. This study is designed to respond this gap in existing research. Five student teachers participated in the studies who were undertaking their teaching practicum at a private school in Turkey, aiming to investigate their thinking in relation to code switching in their classrooms by using the analysis of classroom interactions, individual interviews and stimulated recall interviews. The first step of the research involved video recording the lessons taught by the five student teachers within the framework of their university Teaching Practice course. This was followed by individual interviews with the student teachers focusing on their views of code switching during their teaching experience and their general views about language teaching. The last stage involved stimulated recall interviews with the student teachers based on selected extracts from their lessons chosen after an analysis of spoken interaction in their classes. The data were then analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that code switching is more than merely a linguistic matter; it is also indicative of a number of other dimensions including how teachers define themselves professionally, teacher beliefs, teacher identity, affective factors influencing teachers and their relationships with supervisors. This study suggests that code switching could usefully be included as a topic in teacher education programmes and in supervisor/mentor training.

This study has developed "Personal Professional Development Efforts Scale for Science and Technology Teachers Regarding Their Fields". Exploratory factor analysis of the scale has been conducted based on the data collected from 200 science and technology teachers across Turkey. The scale has been observed through varimax rotation method, composing of 6 factors and 27 items. Mentioned factors are educational and cultural knowledge, specialisation, following scientific developments and technological developments, following curriculum, following media and publications. Internal consistency of 5 point Likert scale has been determined with Cronbach Alpha coefficient. Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the sub-dimension scale ranges between 0.64 and 0.83, which is 0.82 throughout the scale. This study is important with regard to providing information by examining of, assessing regarding different variables of and helping improve the deficiencies of the personal professional development efforts of science and technology teachers regarding their fields.

This study aims to determine the perceptions of teachers and pre-service teachers about 4+4+4 education system via the metaphors they have developed. In this study, the opinions of teachers and pre-service teachers are described with qualitative approach. The participants of the study are 137 primary school 1st grade teachers, working in Mugla in the 2012-2013 academic year, and 116 4th grade students, studying at Primary School Teaching Department in the Faculty of Education in Mugla Sitki Kocman University. In the data collection process, teachers and pre-service teachers were required to complete this sentence: "When the characteristics of 4+4+4 are considered, 4+4+4 education system is like …………, because …………..". In the analysis of the data, content analysis technique, one of the qualitative analysis methods, was applied. The perceptions of teachers were separated into 9 categories according to the metaphors teachers and pre-service teachers created about 4+4+4 education system and both the statements mostly used by teachers and pre-service teachers are provided for these categories. These categories are "a continuously changing structure; a system all of whose parts have deficiencies; an application without any preparation and infrastructure work; uncertainty and complication; an application whose future is dark; a useless and inappropriate system; a forcing and imposing application; a graded and systematical structure (positive); meaningless (cannot resemble anything).

Objectives: empathy brings people closer and facilitates communication in almost all the fields of daily life. Having been an important dimension of foster care, empathetic skills should be developed in a foster family. In this study, we aimed to determine the empathic level of the foster families. Methods: this cross-sectional study on foster families was performed in Turkey. Research data was collected from 124 fosters parents. Two instruments were used in the survey: the personal information form and the Basic Empathy Scale. The volunteers were chosen by applying a non-probability sampling method, i.e. the "snowball" method. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software, Version 18.0. Results, The foster parents had a mean age of 48.37 ± 9.36. Most of foster carers (89.5%) were married. 76.6% of foster families had their own biological child, among them, 29.5% had one, 54.7% had two, and 15.8% had three children. The percentage of foster families that preferred female, and male children, were 76.6%, and 23.4%, respectively. Among the children, who had been placed in foster parent households, 42.7% aged less than 3 years, 31.5% between 4-6 years, and 25.8% more than 7 years. The ratio of parents, who defined foster family concept as "social responsibility," "protection," "own age," and "charity" were 76.6%, 71.1%, 58.1%, and 45.2%, respectively. The ratio of those, who thought that to be a foster carer matured a person, was 62.9%, whereas the ratio of those, who emphasized that they became role model for their environment, was 77.4%. The subjects were asked to empathize with the relevant biological families, and that 59.7% gave first priority to "I want to be sure about my child's safety", 29.8% to "I want to be sure that my child is in good hands", 7.3% to "I want to see that my child is valued". Also 56.5% of foster families pointed out that they were disturbed by the idea that one they the child might be sent back to his/her biological family. General Cronbach's alpha co-efficient of the instrument was found to be 0.76. The empathy scores of foster families in this study were higher than the average. Despite the fact that the foster families hold higher empathic skills in Turkey, it is observed that this service is still conducted with a traditional perspective.

The question of what makes a good teacher of English has aroused researchers' interest for many years, and the existing studies comparing NESTs (native English-speaking teachers) and NNESTs (non-native English-speaking teachers) have focused mostly on students' perceptions of these teachers. The current study aims to explore in the first phase if there is a meaningful difference between Turkish EFL learners' perceptions of NESTs and NNESTs on their first encounter with them. The second phase explores whether any changes have occurred in students' preconceptions regarding NESTs within the course of time. The participants are 120 Turkish monolinguals from a private university. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires consisting of Likert-scale items in both phases. An interview session was added to the second phase to obtain more in-depth insights into students' perceptions. The findings showed that students had neutral perceptions of NESTs and NNESTs. However, in the second phase, the data analysed via qualitative content analysis demonstrated that students' perceptions were found to have positively changed for NESTs, particularly in terms of personality dimension. In both phases, students perceived NESTs in linguistic and professional dimensions, and NNESTs in pedagogical dimension rather positively.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain to what extent organizational cynicism may be predicted based on the level of perceived organizational support by determining the relationship between research assistants' perceived organizational support and organizational cynicism. The population of the study consists of 214 research assistants working as 50/d staff in Akdeniz University, Turkey. 50/d position provides a graduate student only a temporary job with a limited salary seen as a scholarship until he/she completes his/her thesis/dissertation. Data were obtained using the "Perceived Organizational Support Scale (POSS)," which was developed by researchers, and using the "Organizational Cynicism Scale (OCS)," which was developed by Brandes, Dhartwadkar, and Dean (1999) and then adapted into Turkish by the researchers. As a result of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) applied on the scales, four dimensions in POSS and three dimensions in OCS were specified. To perform the data analysis, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression analyses were used; according to whose findings, there are significant moderate negative relationships between all dimensions of the POSS and OCS. The conclusion was reached that the perceived level of organizational support by the research assistants is a significant variable in predicting organizational cynicism. In addition, perceived interaction support was found to be the most significant dimension affecting organizational cynicism.

This study investigated the caregiving burden, quality of life and life satisfaction of caregivers of individuals with stroke during the pandemic period. A descriptive a study was performed with a sample of caregivers (n = 80) of inpatient individuals with stroke in Kayseri, Turkey. The Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale, Short Form Health Survey-36, and Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale were used as well as some open-ended questions. Using descriptive analysis and correlations, results showed that caregiving burden of the participants was correlated to quality of life and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Specific types of burden include: stress, isolation, financial issues, disruption of therapy, patient-caregiver relationship, and kinship relations. These findings provide important information about the increased burden of caregivers during the pandemic. This study offers information to design a framework of interventions to reduce the physical, social, and psychological effects on caregivers in similar conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing Effect / Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi is the property of Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Hemsirelik Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim Design Methods Results Conclusion Patient or Public Contribution To investigate the variables predicting job stress and intention to leave the job among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Turkey.This research was designed as an analytical cross‐sectional study.The population of the study consisted of 450 nurses working in a training and research hospital (N = 450). The study sample consisted of 178 nurses who worked in that hospital between February and July 2021. The Nurse Information Form, Job Stress Scale, and Intention to Leave Scale were used as data collection tools. The independent‐sample t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were applied for univariate analysis while multiple regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.It was determined that the main factors predicting nurses' job stress levels were their Intention to Leave Scale scores, level of organizational satisfaction, and level of job satisfaction. The main factors predicting intention to leave were their Job Stress Scale scores, working conditions, and job satisfaction. A positive moderate correlation was found between job stress and intention to leave.This study demonstrates that the predictors of job stress and intention to leave the job among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic included working conditions and job satisfaction. Hospital managers, especially nursing services managers, should develop strategies for extraordinary situations such as pandemics and evaluate the professional satisfaction of nurses while providing a healthy working environment.No patient or public contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many studies on multiple sclerosis (MS) reveal different prevalence and epidemiologic results. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the epidemiologic profile of MS using official health records in Turkey. Methods: Patients diagnosed with MS from the official health data of the Ministry of Health, representing the entire population of Turkey, were included in the study. Prevalence and incidence calculations were performed using the data on gender, age, year of birth, city of residence, and year of diagnosis. Results: As a result of the study, the number of patients with the ICD code G35 was determined as 201,061 and the number of patients with this code entered at least three times was determined as 82,225. The prevalence of MS in Turkey was calculated as 96.4 per 100,000 and the female/male ratio as 2.1/1. The incidence of MS in 2022 was 6.2 per 100,000 and the mean patient age was 43.1 ± 13.3 years (female: 43.0 ± 13.1 vs male: 43.2 ± 13.7) while the mean age at first diagnosis was 34.0 ± 13.0 (female: 33.6 ± 12.6 vs male: 34.9 ± 13.7). Conclusion: The research was conducted via Official Database of Turkey, which includes population of 85 million and provides valuable insights into the prevalence and incidence rates of this chronic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To reduce home accidents, which is one of the critical public health problems, it is necessary to evaluate the home environment first. The aim of this study was to develop the Home Environment Risk Rating Scale (HERRS) and examine its psychometric properties in elderly and adult individuals. Subject and methods: This study was conducted on 220 elderly and adult individuals (63.68±10.31 years old, 68.2% female, 31.8% male) living in their homes. The participants completed the Sociodemographic Information Form, Home Environment Conditions Evaluation Form for Falls, and Home and Environment Risk Rating Scale. In addition, psychometric measurement results for horizontal and vertical measurements were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) methods. Results: It was found that the Kaiser–Mayer–Olkin (KMO) value for horizontal and vertical measurements were 0.613 and 0.704, respectively. Results of EFA for horizontal and vertical measurements revealed that five factors together explain 72.033% and three factors together explain 68.368% of the total variance, respectively. The result of CFA for horizontal and vertical measurements demonstrate that the 5-sub-dimension horizontal scale structure and the 3-sub-dimension vertical measurement structure generally fit acceptable in this scale. Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory in all of the measurements (0.73 and 0.80 respectively); the ICCs were good/excellent in all of the measurements (0.99 and 0.90, respectively). Conclusion: The results show that HERRS has the potential to examine the risks of the home environment adequately for the home structure of Turkish society in detail and is a valid and reliable test that health professionals can use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The views of the teacher trainees who have recently started the teaching profession on teacher training process are of great value because they are new graduates and they are in their first year in the profession. Since the teachers in their first year in the profession do not have any experience, they have to pursue the educational tasks based on the knowledge and skills they acquired in their faculties. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the views of the teacher trainees on the process of teacher training in Turkey. Being qualitative in nature, the current research was a descriptive study. The study group involved 58 newly-appointed teacher trainees from different branches who began their teaching profession in Kastamonu in 2010. An "Interview Form" was used for data collection. The data collected from the participants were analysed through Nvivo 9 software package. As a result of the study, the teacher trainees indicated that they felt insufficient especially related to curriculum and content knowledge and that teaching practice and school experience courses do not adequately contribute to their profession. (Contains 5 tables and 9 figures.)

The purpose of the present study is to display a detailed investigation of the views of the elementary teachers in the specification of defections in the inclusive education applications and in the evaluation of success. In accordance with this aim, in 16 different cities of Turkey, 23 teachers who have been working in schools where inclusive education is applied in relation with Ministry of Education and who have willingly participated to the study are interviewed. In the study, where descriptive method from among the qualitative research methods is used, inductive analysis of the research data gathered with semi-structured interviews is conducted through Nvivo 8 qualitative data analysis program. The findings indicate that elementary teachers generally have a negative opinion regarding the inclusive education applications in our country, that they are inadequate in this subject and need a great deal of sustenance particularly expert support, that they find pre-service and in-service training insufficient and experience problems due to the physical conditions of the classrooms and schools they work at. For the improvement of inclusive education applications, elementary teachers suggest the presence of separate teaching environments and part-time inclusive education, the organization of qualified and effective pre-service and in-service training and providing them material support.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pair problem solving technique incorporating Polya's problem solving strategy on undergraduate students' performance in conceptual and algorithmic questions in chemistry. The subjects of this study were 89 students enrolled from two first year chemistry classes. The experimental group was a class of 44 students who received pair problem solving technique incorporating Polya's problem solving strategy and the control group was a class of 45 students who received only Polya's problem solving strategy. Students' achievement of conceptual and algorithmic questions in chemistry was measured using as post-tests, Conceptual Chemistry Question Test (CCQT) and Algorithmic Chemistry Question Test (ACQT). Test of Logical Thinking (TOLT) was used as a covariate in this study. The results of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) showed that students in experimental group had significantly better performance on both conceptual and algorithmic questions in chemistry. The results of this study for students' problem solving performance are discussed. (Contains 4 tables.) [Abstract is provided in English and Spanish.]

Providing university students with distance education is of great importance in the global world. Distance education provides advantages and benefits especially for students who don't have the chance to meet lecturers from other universities face to face. Distance education connects the learner and teacher to resources that are difficult to access otherwise. It is not necessary to gather students in one classroom at the same time in a distance program. Through distance education facilities students and lecturers can store, update and transfer information very quickly. Furthermore, distance education helps save money in terms of accommodation and travel expenses. This paper describes students' perceptions and attitudes towards distance education based on their gender, school types attended, age and access to educational technology such as computer and internet. This paper also describes the specific program used by the faculty of Law at Akdeniz University, Turkey. The following are appended: (1) The Questionnaire; and (2) Statistical Results According to the Students' Answers in Part 2.

The purpose of this study was to introduce the Mole Solver, a computer based system that facilitates monitors and improves students' problem solving skills on mole concept. The system has three distinct modes that: (1) find step by step solutions to the word problems on the mole concept; (2) enable students to solve word problems on their own by using appropriate problem solving strategies; and (3) make students aware of four step problem solving process. (Contains 3 tables and 4 figures.)

Copyright of University of Health Sciences Journal of Nursing is the property of Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The 6th February 2023 Pazarcık and Elbistan earthquakes (Mw = 7.7 and Mw = 7.6) caused great destruction in many cities and were the disaster of the century for Türkiye. The greatest destruction was caused in the provinces of Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, and Adıyaman during these earthquakes, which were independent of each other and occurred on the same day. Information about earthquakes and strong ground motion records is given within the scope of this study. Reinforced concrete (RC) structures which constitute a large part of the urban building stock in the earthquake region were exposed to structural damage at different levels. The structural damage in the RC structures in the city center, Gölbaşı, and Kahta districts of the province of Adıyaman was evaluated within the scope of earthquake and civil engineering after field investigations. Insufficient RC, low-strength concrete reinforcement problems, RC frame failure, heavy overhang, short columns, soft story, and pounding effect are the main causes of the earthquake damage. The presence of these factors that reduce the earthquake resistance of RC structures increased the damage level. In addition, the fact that the earthquakes occurred nine hours apart and the continuation of aftershocks during that period negatively affected the damage levels. It has been observed that structures that receive the necessary engineering services during the construction and project phases ensure the safety of life and property, even if the structure is slightly damaged. In this study, we also tried to reveal whether the target displacements were satisfactorily represented by numerical analysis for a sample RC structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]