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The "Safe Third Country" principle in international refugee law refers to a State's ability to reject a person's asylum application if they have already been granted protection by another country in compliance with the 1951 Refugee Convention. However, asylum seekers face higher risks Of human trafficking because of their transient and vulnerable circumstances, and some of the most frequently implicated Safe Third Countries are consistently ranked in Tier 2 or below in the US State Department's annual Trafficking in Persons Report; this ranking indicates that they are not in full compliance with the minimum standards provided in the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. This Comment argues that asylum seekers who have experienced human trafficking throughouttheir migration journey should be exempted from Safe Third Country agreements with States that rank in Tier 2 or below. It will survey Greece, Turkey, and the Northern Triangle as examples of States often deemed to be Safe Third Countries, yet have recurring difficulties prosecuting human trafficking violations and protecting victims; this Comment will ultimately propose a solution as to how these exemptions can be implemented in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Turkey's century-long asylum policies by highlighting two enduring policy considerations. The first is Turkey's process of convergence with the norms and principles of the global refugee regime. The second is the persistent practice of granting refugees protection of a temporary nature. These two policy considerations are discussed by employing the conceptual frameworks of 'policy diffusion' and the 'nationalizing migration state.' The study concludes that Turkey's asylum policies have been shaped by the tension between these two policy considerations over the past century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses that Turkey is a rather unique case from the perspective of refugee law and practice, with its protection regime fundamentally shaped by the Refugee Convention and the optional geographical limitation allowed under it. Topics discussed include The geographical limitation has thus been seen as a protection against these; and the European Union (EU), on the other hand, wants Turkey to qualify as a ‘first country of asylum' or a ‘safe third country'.