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Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I [OMIM #190350] is an autosomal dominant disorder. Common features are: Slowly growing sparse hair, laterally thin eyebrows, bulbous tip of the nose, long philtrum, thin upper lip, protruding ears. Common skeletal anomalies include shortening of phalanges and metacarpals causing mild to severe brachydactyly, cone shaped epiphyses, hip dysplasia and short stature. Recently many reports have been published on the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and the increased risk of congenital major malformations or syndromes. We present a 6 years old Turkish Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) case of a twin pair after in vitro fertilization (IVF). TRPS with IVF pregnancy has not been reported previously. This new case reported herein will contribute to a better understanding whether ART pregnancy increases congenital malformations.

Trichothiodystrophy is a neuroectodermal syndrome with features of a specific hair dysplasia associated with disorders in organs derived from ectoderm and neuroectoderm. The key finding is brittle hair with low sulfur content. Polarizing microscopy shows alternating dark and light bands with trichoscisis and absent or defective cuticle. Patients with trichothiodystrophy have short, sparse, dry and easily broken hair. Growth retardation and mental retardation are almost obligatory findings. The skin and the nails are very often affected; other neuroectodermal disorders are associated, but none is a constant feature. The disease is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.