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A survey of parasites of the rough-tailed gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum was carried out in Turkey in order to determine the diversity of ecto- and endoparasites of this host species. The sample of 88 host specimens (36 females, 34 males and 18 juveniles) harboured endoparasites of three species: the cestode Diplopylidium noelleri and the nematodes Physaloptera sp. and Physocephalus sp. One ectoparasite species, Geckobia sp. (Acari), was also recorded. This report represents the first data on parasites of C. scabrum from Turkey. A species of the genus Geckobia sp. is recorded for the first time from Turkey. The present study provides the first parasite records for C. scabrum in its native geographical range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty-eight individuals of Anatololacerta anatolica (Werner, 1902) (17 males, 20 females, and 1 juvenile) were collected by hand from western Provinces of Türkiye and the following helminth species were found: 1 species of Digenea Plagiorchis elegans (Rudolphi, 1802) Braun, 1902, 1 species of Cestoda Mesocestoides sp. (tetrathyridia), and 4 species of Nematoda Skrjabinodon medinae, Skrjabinelazia hoffmanniLi, 1934, Skrjabinelazia taurica, and Spauligodon aloisei. Anatololacerta anatolica represents a new host record for P. elegans, S. taurica and S. aloisei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raw vegetables are the source of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and fibers that protect the human body against diseases. On the other hand, these may become sources of parasitic pathogens, which affect human health. This study aimed to assess the presence of helminth species in raw vegetables consumed in Sivas with microscopic and molecular techniques. The study material consisted of 120 vegetable samples (lettuce, parsley, peppermint, rockets, cress, and carrots) obtained from greengrocers, supermarkets, street vendors, and wholesalers. Toxocara spp. eggs, T. leonina eggs, and Rhabditiform larvae were detected in vegetable samples with a prevalence of 5.83%, 3.33%, and 24.17%, respectively. Toxocara spp. eggs were identified as T. canis using polymerase chain reaction. This is the first molecular detection of T. canis eggs in raw vegetables in Turkey. This study revealed that vegetables sold in Sivas are contaminated with helminth eggs or larvae. Therefore, people should take the necessary hygiene precaution, such as washing or sanitizing, before consuming these vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are the most prevalent wild carnivores in the world and definitive hosts of many pathogenic parasites for humans and farm animals. These animals travel great distances in search of prey and nests, and cause contamination of large geographic areas with parasites. For this reason, monitoring the parasitic pathogens of red foxes is particularly important in terms of public and animal health. The goal of this study was to determine the intestinal helminths and molecular characterization of Taenia species of red foxes in Turkey. In this study, 103 red fox intestines obtained from 29 provinces of Turkey were examined with sedimentation and counting technique. Collected helminths were diagnosed according to their morphologic features. Additionally, further molecular analysis (PCR and DNA sequencing) was performed for the identification of Taeniid cestodes. At the end of the study, it was determined that 87.37% (90/103) of red foxes were infected with at least one helminth species. Detected helminths and their prevalence's were Mesocestoides sp. (56.31%), Joyeuxiella echinorhynchoides (33%), Taenia polyacantha (15.53%), Dipylidium caninum (0.97%), Pterygodermatites affinis (51.45%), Toxascaris leonina (45.63%), Uncinaria stenocephala (33%), Oxynema numicidum (20.38%), Toxocara canis (14.56%), Ancylostoma caninum (12.62%), and Trichuris vulpis (1.94%), respectively. Additionally, Pachysentis sp. (37.69%), Centrorhynchus sp. (0.97%) (Acantocephala), and nymphs of Linguatula serrata (20.38%) (Arthropoda) were also detected in the same intestinal samples. This is the most comprehensive study that has been conducted on the intestinal helminthes of red foxes in Turkey. To the best of our knowledge, molecular characterization of T. polyacantha and the detection of O. numicidum, A. caninum, Pachysentis sp., and Centrorhynchus sp. are the first reports in red foxes in Turkey. Our study revealed that red foxes are important hosts for many intestinal helminth species and are link between domestic and sylvatic cycles of these parasites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The grey wolf (Canis lupus) is the natural host of many parasites. These animals travel quite long distances to search for prey and nests, causing parasites to spread over large areas; therefore, determination of the parasites carried by grey wolves is important. Methods: In this study, we used both morphological and molecular methods for parasitological identification of helminth species. For this purpose, the material obtained after necropsy was examined by macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular (multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing) methods. Results: No pathological lesions and parasites were detected in the macroscopic examination of the trachea, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, stomach, and kidneys. The parasites collected from the intestines and diaphragm muscles were identified as Taenia hydatigena, Mesocestoides litteratus and Trichinella britovi. Conclusion: The aim of this study was to determine the helminth species in a dead grey wolf from wildlife. To the best of our knowledge, with this study, Taenia hydatigena, Mesocestoides litteratus and Trichinella britovi were detected for the first time in a grey wolf in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The helminth fauna of thirty nine Mediterranean Chameleon, Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Linnaeus, 1758) (22♂♂, 17♀♀) was examined. Specimens collected from Adana, Hatay, Antalya, Aydın, Gaziantep, Muğla and İzmir provinces in Turkey. The trematodes recovered included Plagiorchis elegans (Rudolphi, 1802) Braun, 1902, P. molini Lent & Freitas, 1940 and Pseudosonsinotrema chamaeleonis Dollfus, 1951. The nematode recovered was Physaloptera sp. Turkey is a new geographical record for Pseudosonsinotrema chamaeleonis. C. chamaeleon represents a new host record for P. elegans, P. molini and Physaloptera sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to identify the gastrointestinal helminths of wild horses in Konya, Turkey. Fresh stool samples collected from 66 horses were evaluated by flotation, sedimentation, Baermann-Wetzel, and stool culture methods. All 66 stool samples examined were found to be positive for helminths and the following parasites were detected: Trichonema spp. was detected in all stool samples (100%), followed by Poteriostomum spp. (45.5%), Strongylus vulgaris (34.9%), and Strongylus equinus (27.3%). In addition, Oesophagodontus spp. (9.1%), Strongylus edentatus (7.6%), Triodontophorus spp. (4.6%), Gyalocephalus spp. (4.6%), Oxyuris equi (3.0%), Parascaris equorum (1.5%), and Strongyloides westeri (1.5%) were detected at lower levels. Wild horses with multiple helminth species infections included 23 horses (34.9%) with two species, 18 (27.3%) with three species, 15 (22.7%) with one species, 7 (10.6%) with four species, and 3 with five species (4.5%). This study is important in terms of providing information regarding the helminth fauna of free-living wild horses in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 45 lizards (Acanthodactylus harranensis [n = 15], Acanthodacthylus schreiberi [n = 9] and Mesalina brevirostris [n = 21]) were collected from South and Southeastern Regions of Turkey and examined for helminth fauna. Acanthodactylus harranensis harbored 1 species of Nematoda (Skrjabinodon sp.), 1 species of Cestoda (Oochoristica tuberculata) and 1 species of Acanthocephala (Centrorhynchus sp. [cystacanth]). Acanthodactylus schreiberi harbored unidentified cysticercoids. Mesalina brevirostris harbored 1 species of Nematoda (Spauligodon saxicolae). All lizards represents new host records for the helminths reported in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, Hyla orientalis (eastern tree frog) was collected in different localities from Denizli province (Inner-west Anatolia Region - the eastern part of Aegean Region) Turkey, between 2008 and 2011 and examined for the first time for helminths. Also, this study contains first detailed SEM imaging attempt of the some amphibian helminths from Turkey. Of 17 Hyla orientalis 8 (47.05 %) were infected with one or more helminths. Hyla orientalis harbored one species of Monogenea 1 ( Polystoma skrjabini), one species of Digenea ( Pleurogenoides medians), three species of nematoda ( Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata and Abbreviata sp.), and one species of Acanthocephala ( Acanthocephalus ranae). All helminths recorded first time for Hyla orientalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First historical findings on camel wrestling, which is now practiced as a festival in Turkey, particularly in certain regions (Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean) date back to the 15th century. In terms of animal husbandry, parasitic diseases may result in negative outcomes ranging from loss of performance to death for camels. In the present study, annual camel wrestling arenas were visited between December and March (2010-2011), and stool samples were collected from camels from different cities for parasitological analysis. Stool samples of 109 camels from 7 different cities (Aydin, Izmir, Manisa, Denizli, Muğla, Balikesir, and Çanakkale) were examined using Baermann-Wetzel stool culture, flotation, and sedimentation techniques for the parasites that live in gastrointestinal tract. The analyses revealed that 74% of the camels (81 of 109) were infected with one or more parasites: Trichostrongylus spp. (47.7%), Ostertagia spp. (27.5%), Dicrocoelium spp. (24.7%), Trichuris spp. (11.9%), Eimeria cameli (11.9%), Capillaria spp. (6.4%), Fasciola spp. (6.4%), Dictyocaulus viviparous (5.5%), Haemonchus spp. (4.5%), Oesophagostomum spp. (4.5%), Cooperia spp. (4.5%), Cooperia oncophora (3.6%), Nematodirus spp. (3.6%), Chabertia ovina (2.7%), Eimeria spp. (1.8%), and Paramphistomum spp. (0.9%). 16 different parasites, at the level of species and genus, were found, of which 14 were helminth (11 nematodes, 3 trematodes), and 2 were protozoans. The present study was the first to report Ostertagia spp., Fasciola spp. Dictyocaulus viviparus, Haemonchus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Cooperia spp., Cooperia oncophora, Chabertia ovina and Paramphistomum spp. in camels in Turkey. As high as 74 percent of the incidence of parasitic diseases and the wide variety of parasites found in the present study suggest that parasitic infections may be overlooked entity in wrestling camels that are meticulously brought up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a total of 298 Eurasian marsh frogs, Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) were collected from different localities in Denizli province (Inner-west Anatolia Region, the eastern part of Aegean Region) Turkey between 2006 and 2009 and examined for helminths. Of 262 (87.91 %) Pelophylax ridibundus samples were infected with one or more helminths. Pelophylax ridibundus harbored eight species of digeneans ( Diplodiscus subclavatus, Gorgoderina vitelliloba, Gorgodera cygnoides, Pleurogenoides medians, Prosotocus confusus, Skrjabinoeces breviansa, Encyclometra colubrimurorum and Ophistoglyhe ranae), one species of cestode ( Nematotaenia dispar), two species of acanthocephalans ( Acanthocephalus ranae and Pomphorhynchus laevis), and six species of nematodes ( Rhabdias bufonis, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata, Oxysomatium brevicaudatum, Eustrongylides sp. and Abbreviata sp.). P. ridibundus represents a host record for Nematotaenia dispar in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 8 specimens of Rana tavasensis Baran & Atatür, 1986 (Tavas frog) were collected in Denizli Province (inner-west Anatolia, or the eastern part of the Aegean region), Turkey, in 2008 and 2009 and were examined for the first time for helminths. All 8 frogs were infected with 1 or more helminths. Th e helminth fauna of R. tavasensis comprised 3 species: 1 species of Digenea [Haplometra cylindracea (Zeder, 1800) Looss, 1899], 1 species of Nematoda [Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845)], and 1 species of Acanthocephala [Acanthocephalus ranae (Schrank, 1788) Lühe, 1911)]. R. tavasensis represents a new host record for each of the observed helminth species in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A coprological study to determine the helminth infections of horses in Istanbul was carried out. Individual fecal samples were taken from 204 horses (111 males and 93 females) of varying ages and breeds. The samples were examined for eggs by Fülleborn's flotation, Benedect's sedimentation methods and for the larvae of lungworm by the Baermann's method. Further individual larval cultures were performed from fecal samples for the identification of 3rd stage larvae (L3) of strongyle nematodes. It was found that 33 (16.2%) of 204 horses were infected with any nematode species, 23 (11.3%) with Cyathostomin nematodes, 17 (8.3%) with cyathostomins except Gyalocephalus and Posteriostomum, 13 (6.4%) with Poteriostomum spp., 11 (5.4%) with Strongylus edentatus, 7 (3.4%) with Trichostrongylus axei, 4 (2.0%) with Triodontophorus spp., 3 (1.5%) with Strongyloides westeri, 1 (0.5%) with Gyalocephalus capitatus, 1 (0.5%) with Oxyuris equi, 1 (0.5%) with Parascaris equorum, and 1 (0.5%) with Oesophagodontus robustus. Out of 204 horses, 15 (7.4%) were infected with only one species, 12 (5.9 %) with two species, 4 (1.9%) with three species, and 2 (0.9%) with four species. No trematode or cestode eggs could be detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the extensity of gastro-intestinal helminths in stray dogs in Erzurum province (Turkey). During the investigation, stool samples were collected from 172 dogs of diff erent ages and sex from dog housing of Erzurum Metropolitan Municipality at diff erent times and examined by Fulleborn fl otation and Benedek sedimentation methods. Helminth infection was detected in 91 (52.9%) of 172 fecal samples. Six types of helminth eggs were identified; 1 trematoda, 1 cestod and 4 nematod. Species responsible of infection were identified as; Alaria spp. 2.9%, Taeniidae spp. 2.9%, Toxocara canis 20.3%, Toxascaris leonina 38.4%, hookworm 2.3% and Trichuris vulpis 0.6%. T. canis infection was more frequently seen in dogs younger than 1 year of age which was found statistically significant (P<0.001). Consequently, it was considered that stray dogs in Erzurum were infected by zoonotic helminths and the control measures should be taken against this threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of helminth species in horses, donkeys, and mules in the Central Black Sea region, between March 2004 and July 2005. For this purpose, 140 faecal samples were taken from horses (n = 83), donkeys (n = 31), and mules (n = 26) in Samsun, Sinop, Ordu, Amasya, and Tokat provinces. Infection rates were 91.57% (76 of 83) in horses, 96.77% (30 of 31) in donkeys, and 96.15% (25 of 26) in mules. The parasite species and their prevalence in examined animals were as follows: in horses Strongylidae spp. 77.10%, Parascaris equorum14.45%, Fasciola spp. 4.82%, Oxyuris equi 1.20%, Anoplocephala spp. 1.20%, A. perfoliata 1.20%, A. magna 1.20%, and Dicrocoelium dentriticum 1.20%; in donkeys Strongylidae spp. 96.77%, P. equorum 22.58%, Strongyloides westeri 22.58%, Fasciola spp. 16.13%, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi 9.67%, O. equi 6.45%, Anoplocephala spp. 6.45%, D. dentriticum 3.22%, and Draschia/Habronema spp. 3.22%; and in mules Strongylidae spp. 96.15%, P. equorum 15.38%, Fasciola spp. 11.53%, Probstmayria vivipara (adult) 3.84%, and A. perfoliata 3.84%. Faecal cultures from horses, donkeys, and mules showed infection rates of Cyathostomum spp. (33.88%, 63.79%, 69.07%), Strongylus edentatus (31.05%, 8.62%, 5.15%), S. equinus (6.11%, 6.03%, 1.03%), S. vulgaris (3.52%, 3.01%, 8.76%), Gyalocephalus spp. (12.0%, 0.86%, 5.15%), Poteriostomum spp. (5.88%, 1.72%, 6.70%), and Triodontophorus spp. (1.41%, 3.01%, 4.12%), respectively. Trichostrongylus axei was not found in mules, and S. westeri was found (8.18%) only in donkeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study assessing a helminth community of 33 agile frogs collected from seven localities in Edirne, Bursa, and Adapazari Provinces in Turkey. These frogs, Rana dalmatina, took species of Monogenea, Digenea, Nematoda, and Acanthocephalat, all represent new host records for Rana dalmatina in Turkey. Results indicated no individual host that was able to harbor more than six helminth species. Meanwhile, the other helminth species identified in the study are common parasites of European anurans which have been observed in several amphibians and some reptiles species in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE:: To study anthropometric status, anaemia and intestinal helminthic infections of schoolchildren living in better and worse socio-economic and environmental conditions in the Sanliurfa province of Turkey. DESIGN:: Cross-sectional school-based survey. SETTING:: The sample was selected using a multistage random cluster sampling technique. The urban area of the province is stratified into two strata on the basis of environmental conditions: shantytowns and apartment areas. A total of 12 schools in the shantytown areas and five schools in the apartment areas were randomly selected based on probability proportional size in the two strata. A third class (including 9-10?y-old children) was randomly selected in each school and all children in this class were selected for the survey. SUBJECTS:: A total of 806 children, 572 of them from shantytown schools and 234 from apartment schools, took part in the surveys. Height for age, weight for age and weight for height were calculated by New Anthro software using the NCHS/WHO international reference values. The haemoglobin concentration was measured by the cyanmethaemoglobin method. Stool samples were examined by the semiquantative Kato-Katz technique. RESULTS:: Evidence of chronic ill health was common due to undernutrition, anaemia and helminthic infections in shantytown schools. Both male and female children in shantytown schools had higher stunting rates than those of apartment schools. Underweight was significantly associated with the sex of the children in shantytown schools in that the boys had a significantly higher underweight rate than girls (P: 0.04), but this rate did not differ between sexes in apartment schools. Wasting was significantly associated with the type of settlements; the girls in apartment schools had a significantly higher wasting rate than those of shantytown schools (P: 0.02). The children in shantytown schools had significantly higher anaemia rates (45%) than those of apartment schools (15%) (P: 0.01). The prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections was significantly higher in shantytown schools (63%) than apartment schools (37%) (P<0.0001). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent helminth and followed by Trichuris trichiura, Hymenolepis nana and Taenia species in both the study areas. Infection in children was significantly related to stunting in shantytown schools (multiple R=0.147; P: 0.005) and in apartment schools (multiple R=0.171; P: 0.02). CONCLUSION:: These results indicated that the prevalence of stunting, anaemia and intestinal helminth infections constitutes an important public health problem among shantytown schoolchildren. School health programmes including deworming, feeding and micronutrient iron supplements through health education have a potentially beneficial effect on the health and education of schoolchildren.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2004) 58, 1056-1061. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601932 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted on 11 camels, ranging in age from 2 months to 40 years. The aim of this study was to detect the Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and helminth parasites in camels. T. gondii antibodies were detected by Sabin-Feldman Dye Test (SFDT), and faecal samples were examined by Fulleborn flotation and Benedek sedimentation methods. As a result of the study, T. gondii antibodies were detected in 10 out of 11 (90.9%) camels. Detected helminths consisted of 63.63% (7/11) Trishostrongyloidea spp., 45.45% (5/11) Trichuris spp. and 9.09% (1/11) Dicrocoelium dendriticum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Hedgehog diseases are becoming important issues for veterinary surgeons due to growing interest in this animal species among pet owners and an increase in cases of rescued hedgehogs requiring veterinary care. A parasitological study was carried out on hedgehogs (Erinaceus concolor) in the Bursa province of Turkey, found dead mainly due to road casualties, to determine their helminth parasite burden. The detected helminths and their prevalences were as follows: Physaloptera clausa (72.2%), Crenosoma striatum (55.5%), Aonchotheca erinacei (55.5%), Hymenolepis erinacei (55.5%), Nephridiorhynchus major (50%) and Eucoleus aerophilus (22.2%). The number of parasites in infected animals varied from 1 to 203. The highest mean intensity of infection was observed with C. striatum, and the lowest was observed with N. major. The mean abundance of different species varied from 0.7 to 41.8, where E. aerophilus and C. striatum had the lowest and highest abundance, respectively. This study represents the first time N. major and E. aerophilus have been reported in hedgehogs in Turkey. The presence of E. aerophilus and its potential role as a zoonotic agent are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Fifteen roe deer were examined at necropsy from Northern Turkey in the period 2006–2010 for the helminth infections. Totally 6470 helminth specimens were collected and identified by morphological criteria. Twenty-five helminth species were identified (1 of the Class Trematoda, 1 of Cestoda and 23 of Nematoda). Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Prevalence 20%) was found in liver. Cysticercus tenuicollis (6.6%) was found in mesentery. Haemonchus contortus (53.3%), Ostertagia leptospicularis (73.3%), O. leptospicularis (minor morph: kolchida) (53.3%), Ostertagia ostertagi (26.6%), Spiculopteragia spiculoptera (66.6%), S. spiculoptera (minor morph: mathevossiani) (6.6%), Teladorsagia circumcincta (40.0%), T. circumcincta (minor morph: davtiani) (6.6%), T. circumcincta (minor morph: trifurcata) (6.6%), Trichostrongylus axei (66.6%) were found in abomasum. Trichostrongylus andreevi (6.6%), T. colubriformis (6.6%), T. longispicularis (26.6%), T. vitrinus (40.0%), T. capricola (6.6%), Cooperia oncophora (26.6%), C. punctata (6.6%), Nematodirus filicollis (66.6%), and Capillaria bovis (26.6%) were found in small intestine. Oesophagostomum venulosum (46.6%), Chabertia ovina (26.6%), and Trichuris ovis (13.3%) were found in large intestine. Dictyocaulus capreolus (6.6%) was found in lungs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]