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Highlights: [•] Iranian drivers were more likely to conduct rule violations and speeding. [•] The Iranians were also less likely to use seat belts than Turks. [•] Personality traits were the strongest predictors of attitudes and driver behaviour. [•] Culture also added to the explained variance in all the safety constructs in Iran. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] We examined risk perception, fatalism and driver behaviors in Turkey and Iran. [•] Traffic risk perception was correlated with non-accidental risk perception. [•] Turks reported higher traffic risk perception, less fatalism and safer driver behaviors. [•] Traffic risk perception was not associated with driver behaviors in the Iranian sample. [•] Traffic risk perception was associated with preventive driver behaviors among Turks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]