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Objective: To compare circulating and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) substance P concentrations in well- and poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Method and Materials: Forty-five serum and 90 GCF samples were collected from diabetic patients with periodontal disease, and the concentrations of substance P were quantified by radioimmunoassay. Results: Serum substance P levels were higher in the poorly controlled diabetic group than in patients with good glycemic control (P = .01); within the poorly controlled group, patients with severe attachment levels had the highest circulating substance P levels (P = .02). Additionally, the diseased sites showed higher substance P levels than control sites (P = .0016). The GCF substance P concentrations in diseased sites correlated significantly with clinical findings such as Plaque Index (r = 0.51, P = .001) and bleeding on probing (r = 0.35, P = .029). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, our preliminary findings indicate that periodontal inflammation may influence circulating and GCF substance P levels in poorly controlled diabetic subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the people living in Sanliurfa region periodontally status. Materials and Methods: Patients who had a periodontal complaint between January 2019 and October 2019 were included in the study. Then, clinical and radiological examinations of the patients were performed. Age, sex, systemic disease, daily brushing, gingival growth, smoking habit, education level, gingival index, periodontal index, pocket depth, bleeding index, dmft index were evaluated in 31 male and 29 female patients. Results: According to the results obtained; The mean age of the patients admitted to our clinic was 38.91 ± 1.67, 16.7% of the patients had a systemic disease, 13.3% of them were using continuous medication, 18.3% of the patients never brushed their teeth and 58.3% did not brush their teeth once a day, 21.7% twice daily, 1.7% three times a day brushing teeth. Gingival enlargement was observed in 11.7% of the patients Conclusion: When we evaluate the periodontal status of individuals living in Sanliurfa, our results showed that education level and daily brushing rate increase periodontal health. Teaching tooth brushing and oral care methods, encouraging regular dentist control, gaining healthy eating habits and protecting our individuals from bad habits such as smoking have a positive effect on periodontal health. Further research is needed to obtain more accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective Smoking is an important risk factor for periodontal disease and effects the pathogenesis of the disease. This study evaluated the impact of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-8 ( IL-8) and lipoxin A4 (LxA4) levels in patients with and without periodontal disease. Material and Methods A total of 122 participants were grouped as follows: smokers with generalized aggressive periodontitis ( S-GAgP, n = 15); smokers with chronic periodontitis ( S-CP, n = 17); smokers with gingivitis ( SG, n = 15); smokers classified as periodontally healthy ( SH, n = 15); nonsmokers with generalized aggressive periodontitis (N- GAgP, n = 15); nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis (N- CP, n = 15); nonsmokers with gingivitis (NG, n = 15); and nonsmokers classified as periodontally healthy (NH, n = 15). Gingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded. Gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 and LxA4 levels were analyzed by ELISA. Results Gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 levels varied among groups, as follows: S-GAgP> S-CP> SG> SH and N-GAgP>N- CP>NG>NH. The gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the S-GAgP group compared with the N- GAgP group and in the S-CP group compared with the N- CP group ( p < 0.05); differences between the SG and NG and the SH and NH groups were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). Gingival crevicular fluid LxA4 levels also varied among groups, but in an inverse direction when compared with the IL-8 levels, as follows: S-GAgP< S-CP< SG and N-GAgP4 levels in SH and NH groups were below the limits of detection.) The gingival crevicular fluid LxA4 levels were significantly lower in the S-GAgP group than in the N- GAgP group and in the S-CP group than in the N- CP group ( p < 0.05); differences between the SG and NG groups were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). Conclusion The study findings suggest that the observed increases in gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 levels and decreases in gingival crevicular fluid LxA4 levels reflect changes in immune and inflammatory responses that occur as a result of smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saygun I, Nizam N, Keskiner I, Bal V, Kubar A, Açıkel C, Serdar M, Slots J. Salivary infectious agents and periodontal disease status. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 235-239. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S The potential of salivary microorganisms to diagnose periodontal disease and to guide periodontal treatment is a research topic of current interest. This study aimed to determine whether the salivary counts of periodontopathic microbes correlated with the periodontal pocket counts of the same infectious agents, and whether the salivary counts of the test infectious agents could distinguish among individuals with periodontal health and various types of periodontal disease. The study included 150 systemically healthy adults, of whom 37 were periodontally healthy, 31 had gingivitis, 46 had chronic periodontitis and 36 had aggressive periodontitis. Each study subject contributed microbial samples from the two deepest periodontal pockets of the dentition and from whole saliva. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Epstein-Barr virus were identified using the TaqMan real-time PCR methodology. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the receiver operating characteristic statistics. C. rectus, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and T. forsythia occurred with significantly higher copy-counts in salivary samples from patients with gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis than from periodontally healthy individuals. A. actinomycetemcomitans only showed higher salivary copy-counts in subjects with aggressive periodontitis compared with subjects with healthy periodontium, and the salivary copy-counts of Epstein-Barr virus did not reveal any significant difference among the four subject groups studied. The diagnostic sensitivity for periodontitis was 89.19 for P. gingivalis and for T. forsythia and 86.49 for P. intermedia, with specificities ranging from 83.78 to 94.59. The optimal copy-counts per mL saliva for identifying periodontitis were 40,000 for P. gingivalis, 700,000 for T. forsythia and 910,000 for P. intermedia. Salivary copy-counts of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and P. intermedia appear to have the potential to identify the presence of periodontitis, whereas the salivary level of the other test infectious agents may possess little or no diagnostic utility. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine the ability of salivary copy-counts of major periodontopathic bacteria to predict future periodontal breakdown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]