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Perinatal depression (PD) affects individuals during pregnancy and early parenthood, resembling major depression. Recent research highlights paternal perinatal depression (PPD) in fathers. PPD has adverse effects on fathers and their children. This study assesses the Turkish version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for Turkish fathers, aiming to provide a tool for PPD identification. This methodological study validates the EPDS for Turkish fathers and explores associations with demographic and psychosocial factors. The study involved 295 fathers with infants aged 2 weeks to 12 months. The EPDS, originally designed for perinatal depression and validated in Turkish women, was used. Fathers completed a participant information questionnaire, the EPDS, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) during clinic visits. Data on sociodemographic factors, paternal roles, and pregnancy and postpartum support were collected. Mothers also completed the EPDS. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation tests were used. The study included fathers with an average age of 30.5 years, mostly with a high school education or higher. The EPDS had a mean total score of 3.1. Factor analysis suggested a three-factor structure for the EPDS in Turkish fathers, including anhedonia, anxiety, and depression. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the three-factor structure, with acceptable model fit indices. Positive correlations were found between fathers' EPDS scores, maternal EPDS scores, and paternal BDI scores. The EPDS effectively discriminated between different levels of depression severity. Various factors, such as education level and lack of support during pregnancy and after childbirth, were associated with higher EPDS scores. These findings emphasize the significance of assessing and addressing PPD in fathers, supporting the use of the EPDS as a valid tool in the Turkish context. The three-factor structure aligns with international research, highlighting the importance of a multi-dimensional approach to PPD assessment. Early intervention can mitigate PPD's impact on fathers, mothers, and children, benefiting mental health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Drawing on the family stress model (Conger and Donnellan in Ann Rev Psychol 58:175–199, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085551), parenting programs typically support caregivers' nurturing and cognitively stimulating practices to mitigate the effects of poverty on child development, with small-to-moderate intervention effect sizes. Objective: This study evaluated a nonrandomized parenting program in Turkiye for low-income pregnant women and mothers of infants. The program utilized home visiting (HV) implemented by local municipalities for the first time. It was hypothesized that program mothers would engage in cognitively-stimulating practices more often at child age 9 months, and thereby expand their child's vocabulary at 18 months of age. Subgroup analyses based on maternal depression were also conducted. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, 526 mothers were allocated to one of two groups: HV intervention (n = 282, 77% pregnant) vs. control (n = 244, 69% pregnant). Mothers completed questionnaires on family and environmental risk at enrollment (T1), on depression and stimulating parenting at infant age 9 months (T2), and child vocabulary at 18 months (T3). Results: HV mothers reported stimulating parenting more frequently than controls at T2. Enrollment in HV predicted larger child vocabulary at T3 through stimulating parenting at T2. Subgroup differences were not detected. Conclusions: Results suggested that HV is a promising strategy to offer parent coaching to economically disadvantaged Turkish families. Though the present study made statistical adjustments to minimize group nonequivalence in baseline, selection bias might pose a threat to internal validity. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to examine its impact more rigorously prior to wider scale implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The body image-related problems can negatively affect women's lives in many ways. The study was aimed at investigating the effects of postpartum body image on sexual functions, and fatigue and depression levels of primiparous women who gave birth vaginally. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 133 women who presented to the obstetrics and gynecology clinics of a state hospital in Turkey between June 2021 and December 2021. At the end of the study, a moderate relationship was determined between the women's body image and their depression (r = 0.500; p < 0.001) and fatigue (r = 0.666; p < 0.001) levels, and a weak relationship between their body image and sexual functions (r = −0.372; p < 0.001). According to the backward regression model used in the study, the women's fatigue and education levels accounted for their body image by 45.7%. Body image is a very serious problem in the postpartum period. One of the leading variables affecting body image in the postpartum period is postpartum fatigue. Postpartum body image is closely related to postpartum depression and sexual functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many studies conducted so far have shown that sleep has a great impact on physical and psychological health. In parenting, on the other hand, the sleep quality of the person deteriorates and problems such as depression and eating disorders may occur. In this study, it was aimed to shed light on the effects on the psychological and physical health of parents by examining the relationship between sleep quality and eating attitude and anxiety-depression of parents who have babies aged 0-24 months. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted prospectively on 260 parents who had babies aged 0-24 months, who applied to the Pediatrics Polyclinic of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Medical Faculty Hospital between August-November 2019. A questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PUKI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), Eating Attitude Scale (EAS) were filled in by face-to-face interview method. Statistical analysis R 3.5.1. program and statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Results: The mean PUKI score was significantly higher in women than in men (p<0.001). As the child's waking frequency increases, both the parent's PUKI score (p<0.001) and the frequency of poor sleep quality increase significantly (p=0.002). The frequency of poor sleep quality was significantly more common in women (69.3%) than men (46.3%) (p=0.002). There is a moderately positive correlation between the total PUKI score and the HAD depression score (r=0.41, p<0.001), and a strongly significant positive correlation between the total PUKI score and the HAD anxiety score (r=0.50, p<0.001). There is a strong and significant positive correlation between HAD depression and HAD anxiety score (r=0.64, p<0.001). There was a weak and positive correlation between HAD depression score and total EAS score (r=0.19, p=0.010). There is also a moderately significant positive correlation between HAD anxiety score and total EAS score (r=0.27, p<0.001). Conclusion: It should not be forgotten by every healthcare professional that not only mothers but also fathers are affected by the problems experienced in the postpartum period, and that parents should be followed up as well as the baby in the follow-up and management of this process in health services after birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between violence, risk factors, and depression at the end of pregnancy. The sample of this descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of 426 women for normal postpartum monitoring during the six-month period and living in southwestern Turkey of the study. About 5.6% of the women who participated in the study were exposed to obstetric violence. 5.2% of them were intimate partner violence before pregnancy. 79.1% (n = 24), 29.1%, and 25% of them were subjected to physical, sexual, and economic violence, respectively. In addition, 7.5% of women were exposed to verbal obstetric violence. It was found that the postpartum depression scores of the women who had been subjected to violence from their husbands before pregnancy were high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many women, pregnancy and childbirth are often accompanied by strong emotions related to fear, stress, and anxiety about the health of the woman and her child. This study aimed to assess the effect of pregnancy on the risk of depression, mental health status, and satisfaction with life in women in Poland, Greece, Turkey, Belarus, and Russia. Material and methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 2017 women surveyed, including 584 pregnant women, 528 postpartum women, and 906 women who had never been pregnant (the comparative group) from Poland, Greece, Turkey, Belarus, and Russia. The sample selection was purposive. Surveys were collected between November 2021 and December 2022. The study used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), the GHQ-28 (General Health Questionnaire), the Schwarzer Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the KompOs Personal Competence Scale. Results: A significantly lower risk of depression was observed in postpartum women in Poland and amongst pregnant women in Turkey. Pregnant women in Turkey (28.9 points) presented the highest satisfaction with life, while the lowest satisfaction was found amongst pregnant women in Poland and Greece (25.2 and 25.1 points, respectively). In Poland and Belarus, a higher risk of depression was noticed in women who had undergone an artificial abortion. In Turkey, a positive correlation was found in pregnant women concerning the number of children they had with a measure of depression and a negative correlation with life satisfaction. In Greece, non-pregnant women showed no correlation between mental status and scores on the GSES. Scores on satisfaction with SWLS were positively correlated with a sense of power, and the strength of the correlation was similar to results on the BDI and GHQ measures. Postpartum depression, according to the EPDS, was also the most severe in Turkish women. Conclusions: The highest risk of depression was shown in the control group and amongst pregnant and postpartum women in Turkey and Greece, and the lowest such risk was in Poland. Pregnant and postpartum women showed by far the highest satisfaction with life in Turkey and the lowest in women from Greece. The risk of depression, the level of satisfaction with life, and the mental health of pregnant women were not influenced by the type of last delivery. However, the duration of the last delivery influenced the group from Belarus, and having children affected the mental health of women in the group from Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Women during the perinatal period are more vulnerable to environmental stressors. However, there is no Turkish scale that evaluates the perinatal perception of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related stressors. This methodological study aimed to adapt the COVID-19 Perinatal Perception Questionnaire (COVID-19-PPQ) to Turkish. Methods: The sample consisted of 150 pregnant women and 150 postpartum women in Turkey. Data were collected using an individual information form, pregnancy scale and postpartum scale of the COVID-19-PPQ, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV19S), and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Validity was assessed with language, content, and construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha, equivalent-form reliability, and item analysis were used for reliability. Results: The pregnancy scale fits well with eight items, while the postpartum scale fits well with ten items. Each scale has a three-factor structure. Moreover, the scales have acceptable fit index values, confirming the model. The pregnancy scale has a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.85, while the subscales “risk of infection,” “contact,” and “future” have Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.74, 0.65, and 0.87, respectively. The postpartum scale has a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.81, while the subscales “first postpartum week,” “COVID-19 measures,” and “fear for infection” have Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.84, 0.84, and 0.90, respectively. Significant correlations between the pregnancy scale, the FCV-19S (r=0.459, p<0.001), the postpartum scale and the EPDS (r=0.166, p=0.042) scores indicate that the scale is reliable. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the COVID-19-PPQ is valid and reliable for Turkish pregnant and postpartum women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the effects of depression, anxiety, stress, and partner relationship satisfaction on sexual dysfunction in women in postpartum first year, this cross-sectional study was conducted in a gynecological clinic in Turkey. Data belonging to 403 women in postpartum 12 months were analyzed. Data were collected using a multidimensional questionnaire, such as the Female Sexual Function Index, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, and the Relationship Assessment Scale. The association between independent variables and sexual dysfunction was analyzed using the bivariate tests, such as the chi-square and independent sample t-tests and bivariate (binary) logistic regression analysis. Out of 403 women, 266 (66%) scored below the cutoff point (<26.5) for sexual dysfunction. Perineal tears/episiotomy/trauma during vaginal delivery, primiparity, increased depression, and anxiety, and relationship dissatisfaction in the postpartum period increase the risk of developing FSD by 26% (χ2 = 106.699, p < 0.001). In addition, women with higher stress levels were found to be more sensitive to sexual dysfunction symptoms. This study revealed that most women in the postpartum period had postpartum FSD. Midwives should evaluate women regarding their sexual functions during postpartum visits. Health education, counseling, referral services for early diagnosis, and treatment can contribute to maintain and improve women's sexual health in the postpartum period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many factors negatively affect the motherhood role. Fatigue, insomnia and depression, which are among these factors, have not been investigated together in any study. Therefore, we carried out this study to determine the effect of insomnia, fatigue and depressive symptoms on the motherhood role in primiparous mothers. In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, we included 153 women who met the inclusion criteria using the simple, random sampling method. To determine the independent variables affecting the motherhood role, we used the backward regression model. In this study, we determined that the women's spending more energy while they performed the activities of daily living in the postpartum period, their suffering from insomnia due to baby care and their depressive symptoms affected their motherhood role by 32.6 percent. We also determined that there was a moderately significant relationship between insomnia, fatigue and depressive symptoms in the postpartum period. In particular, because depressive symptoms are the variable most related with the motherhood role (r = -0.520; p <.001), women should be followed-up regularly in the postpartum period from this aspect. It is also important to deal with insomnia in the early postpartum period, because it is a common problem in most women after childbirth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The global migration trend has brought attention to the mental health of immigrant populations, especially postpartum women. The prevalence of postpartum anxiety and depression among these populations remains a growing concern. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with postpartum anxiety and depression among immigrant women, with a special emphasis on Syrian migrants in Turkey. A cross-sectional design was employed, enrolling postpartum women who visited the Strengthened Migrant Health Center in Istanbul between July and December 2022. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire comprising sociodemographic details and scores from the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI). The average age of participants was 25.73 years. The mean EPDS and BAI scores were low at 1.27 and 3.85, respectively. Notably, 97.1% of women scored below the EPDS cut-off point of 13. EPDS scores showed a significant relationship between income levels and COVID-19 vaccination status, while BAI scores were significantly associated with educational levels. There was an inverse correlation between EPDS scores and the number of cohabitants in a household. The observed low rates of postpartum depression and anxiety could be attributed to the accessible health services and psychosocial support for immigrants in Turkey. It would be useful to conduct multicenter and comprehensive epidemiological studies on migrant puerperas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of a nurse navigation program on the capability for self‐care, quality of life, risk of anxiety and depression, and severity of the physical symptoms of postpartum mothers. Methods: This prospective, parallel‐group, randomized controlled study included 64 primiparous pregnant women (32 women each in the intervention and control groups) at ≥36 gestational weeks admitted to the pregnancy outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Turkey. The intervention group received navigation program‐based nursing care comprising three home visits, four phone calls, and five text messages aside from the standard hospital care during delivery and the postpartum period. Meanwhile, the control group received only the standard hospital care during delivery and the postpartum period. Data were collected using a sociodemographic data form, the Self‐Care Power Scale, the Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Instrument (MPQoL‐I), the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Postpartum Physical Symptom Severity Scale. Results: Mean scores for the capability for self‐care and quality of life were higher, while those for the risk of depression and anxiety were lower for the intervention group than the control group (p <.05). Conclusions: Navigation program‐based care provided to primiparous mothers improved maternal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perceived social support on postpartum depression (PPD) in Arab immigrant mothers and Turkish mothers. Design/methodology/approach: This descriptive study was conducted with 140 mothers between September 2017 and January 2018. The data was collected via the Turkish and Arabic versions of the sociodemographic questionnaire, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Percentage and arithmetic mean calculations, independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, paired logistic regression analysis backward elimination method and Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Findings: The data revealed that the risk of PPD was twice as high in Arab immigrant mothers (56.3%) compared to Turkish mothers (29%). The EPDS mean score was 12.37 ± 6.28 for Arab immigrant mothers and 8.81 ± 5.48 for Turkish mothers. The social support mean score was found to be 50.70 ± 19.27 for Arab immigrant mothers and 61.41 ± 16.51 for Turkish mothers. The independent risk factors for Turkish mothers included mother's age, monthly income level and infant's age, while the independent risk factors for Arab immigrant mothers included number of children, husband's status of employment and access to regular medical care during pregnancy. The negative correlation between EPDS and social support overall scores and subscale scores was found to be significant for both groups. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study on the impact of social support on PPD in Arab immigrant and Turkish women in the national and international literature. The study helped reveal the correlation between perceived social support and PPD, the PPD risk rates and risk factors according to citizenship status for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the duration of breastfeeding and the effect of only breastfeeding on the level of Mother-infant attachment and Postpartum Depression. Design and Methods: The study was conducted with 230 mothers with children between 6 months and 1 year of age. Findings: The mean MAI score of mothers who only breastfed was 74.67±4.35; EPDS average score of 5.73±4.34 were found. It was found that there was a negative, statistically significant correlation between the mothers depression and attachment score (r=-0.153, p=0.021). Practice Implications: The support provided by nurses who are primarily responsible for this issue can increase the time and attachment level of the mother to feed her baby with "breast milk"; As the level of attachment increases, the risk of developing postpartum depression can be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Midwifery & Health Sciences is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the authors in this paper is to investigate the effects of negative experiences during delivery and postpartum period on the relationship between the mother. The quantitative part of this study was conducted with 289 mothers and the qualitative part with 40 mothers. It was found that experiencing upsetting problems during delivery (p = 0.006) and in the postpartum period (p = 0.002) had an effect on separation anxiety. Based on the examination of the feelings experienced during annoying or distressing situations in the postpartum period, it was determined that there was a significant correlation between guilt (p = 0.000), fear of not being a good mother (p = 0.035), and feeling weak (p = 0.001) and separation anxiety. Blues of birth is fear and anxiety that the baby will be harmed if the mother is separated from it, and it is attributed to negative experiences during delivery and the postpartum period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To determine the effect of family function, relationship satisfaction, and dyadic adjustment on postpartum depression Design and Methods: This descriptive, cross‐sectional study was conducted in 337 postpartum mothers. Findings: Fifty‐five mothers scored above the depression scale cutoff point (>13). Emotional violence from husband, poor problem solving and communication, low relationship satisfaction, dyadic adjustment, and consensus were important risk factors for postpartum depression (p <.0.05). Practice Implications: Family function and partner relationships should be a key focus for midwives and nurses in the postpartum period. Providing psychological interventions aimed at improving relationship functioning can help protect mothers against postpartum depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was conducted using a descriptive design to examine the correlation between spousal support and postpartum depression (PPD) in fathers. Design and Methods: The participants of the study were the fathers of infants born in the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of a state hospital affiliated with the Ministry of Health in a province in Turkey. Findings: It was determined that while the possibility of paternal PPD was lower in the early postpartum period (p < 0.001), it increased in the late postpartum period (p < 0.001). A negative statistically significant correlation was identified between the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores and the Spouse Support Scale (SSS) scores of the participants in the early postpartum period (p = 0.031). There was a highly negative significant correlation between late postpartum EPDS scores and the early (p < 0.001) and late period (p < 0.001) SSS scores. A highly negative significant correlation was observed between the mean score of the early spousal support period and the mean score of the late spousal support period (p < 0.001). In this study, spousal support decreased PPD in fathers. Practice Implications: This study indicated the necessity of routinely screening men for PPD symptoms. Early diagnosis and spousal support would contribute to reducing early and late paternal PPD, thus protecting the family's integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the mental health outcomes of folic acid (FA) supplement use in the antenatal and postnatal periods. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-prospective longitudinal study was conducted between 1 December 2019 and 30 January 2021 in a Family Health Center in eastern Turkey. The study was performed at one week in the postpartum period, at 6-8 weeks in the postpartum period, and at six months in the postpartum period. A total of 162 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. A Personal Information Form, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to collect data. Results: While 32.7% (n=53) of the participants used FA supplementation from the pre-pregnancy period and in the first trimester of pregnancy (6 months in total), and 34.6% (n=56) used FA supplementation only in the first trimester of pregnancy. It was determined that 32.7% (n=53) of the participants did not use any FA supplement. Of those who did not use FA, 37.0% were in the antenatal period, and 50.8% were on the postnatal 6-8 days. It was determined that the participants experienced mild/moderate/severe anxiety in different weeks. BAI and EPDS scores were the lowest in the prenatal period, at 6-8 weeks in the postpartum period, and at 6 months in the postpartum period in those who used FA supplementation for 6 months. BAI and EPDS scores decreased significantly from the antenatal, to the postnatal 6-8-week, and to the postnatal 6-month measurements. Conclusion: The use of FA supplements can be effective in preventing symptoms of anxiety and depression in the antenatal and postnatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The healthy development of the attachment which starts in the prenatal period and continues after the birth strengthens, positively supports the newborn care and contributes to raising healthy individuals in the future. This study was carried out to determine the effect of mother-fetus attachment that develops during pregnancy on mother-infant attachment in the postpartum period. This descriptive, correlational and longitudinal study was conducted with 150 volunteer mothers who could be reached again within 1–4 months after birth. Data were collected by the Questionnaire Form, the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) and the Maternal Attachment Scale (MAS). When the relationship between participants' PAI (41.20 ± 11.35) and MAS (26.05 ± 5.13) point averages was examined, it was observed that there was a weak, positive and statistically significant relationship between the two scales (r = 0.304, p=.000). It was observed that there was a relationship between the attachment between pregnant woman and developing fetus and the maternal attachment in the postnatal period. What is already known on this subject? Attachment is a process which is formed by an interaction between the mother and the infant that is satisfying and enjoyed by both sides. It provides a basis for the establishment of relationships of the infant with the outside world and for the psychological development of the infant. What the results of this study add? This study has shown that a strong and healthy establishment of attachment in the prenatal period will positively contribute to the mother-infant attachment process in the postnatal period. A strong and healthy establishment of attachment in the prenatal period will positively contribute to the mother-infant attachment process in the postnatal period. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Mother-infant attachment can be strengthened just before the baby is born by determining the prenatal attachment and providing the appropriate approach to those who identify the problems in this regard, and thus, the risk of neglect and exploitation of the baby can be reduced and also the problems such as breastfeeding of the baby after birth, receiving proper care, and postnatal depression in the mother can even be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improved knowledge of causal and protective factors is crucial for Postpartum depression (PPD) prevention and management. Aims: To investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experience (ACE), perceived social support and PPD in a middle‐income non‐Western country, and to investigate which type of ACE and which sources of social support were associated with PPD. Methods: The study was cross‐sectional study and conducted in a one center from Turkey during March–June 2019. Women up to 1‐week postpartum were included in the study. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), a validated ACE questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were completed. Results: Nine hundred women took part in the study. The proportion identified with PPD and ACE were 10% and 8.8%, respectively. In bivariate analysis, having previous PPD, unwanted pregnancy, insufficient antenatal care, low family income, history of ACE, and perception of low social support were associated with PPD (p < 0.05). Family support was perceived as beneficial, in both women with no history or ≥2 instances of ACE. However, perceived support from friends and/or a special person was lowest in the ≥2 ACE group (p < 0.05). In logistic regression, unwanted pregnancy, emotional abuse, and neglect, incarceration of a household member, and poor special person support were factors significantly associated with developing PPD (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Emotional abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, and perceived poor support from a special person were risk factors for PPD. A history of maternal childhood trauma and poor social support might indicate the need for early PPD interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to determine the relationship between the late pregnancy and postpartum oxytocin levels and postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted with 70 pregnant women. Data collection was performed through two interviews. While the first interview was conducted in the 30th to 38th gestational weeks, the second interview was conducted in the 4th to 12th weeks in the postpartum period. Oxytocin level measurement was performed with a saliva sample. Saliva samples were analyzed with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period was found significantly higher than the prevalence in late pregnancy. Depression symptoms reached the highest level in the 12th week. The late pregnancy oxytocin level was significantly higher than the postpartum oxytocin level. A weak, negative correlation was found between PPD symptoms and the late pregnancy oxytocin level. However, when linear regression analysis was performed, it was concluded that there was a medium, negative relationship model between PPD symptoms and the late pregnancy oxytocin level. However, no relationships were found between PPD symptoms and oxytocin level. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study found that the late pregnancy oxytocin level could be a predictive biomarker for postpartum depression. Predicting the risk of PPD in the pregnancy period could provide an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between postpartum depression (PPD) and women's perceived spousal support during the early postpartum period and the prevalence of PPD and affecting factors. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Perceived Spousal Support among Women in Early Postpartum Period Scale (PSSAWEPP). The study was completed with 181 women. The prevalence of PPD was found as 28.2%. A significant negative correlation was found between the total EPDS score and total PSSAWEPP score and subscale scores of emotional support, social support and physical support (p < 0.01). It was also found that as spousal support perceived by women increased, PPD risk decreased. In our study, it was observed that spousal violence (aOR = 5.69, 95% CI: 1.65-19.55) and having an unintended pregnancy (aOR = 0.24, CI: 0.11-0.54) were two factors that significantly affected PPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Postpartum psychiatric morbidity is one of the most frequent complications of birth, cause of suicides and maternal death. We aimed to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers who gave birth in the last 6 months and also assess the risk factors, particularly poor social and spousal support. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. We included 303 mothers who gave birth in the last 6 months attending three family health centers in a district of Istanbul. Stratified sampling method was used. Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, Postpartum Support Scale, The Scale of Perceived Spousal Support Among Women in Early Postpartum Period were administered. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used. Results: Postpartum depression prevalence was 9.9% among the participants. According to multivariate statistical analysis; while a higher income (OR : 0.99) and a higher spousal support score (OR: 0.95) were found as protective factors, actively working (OR :8.63), unplanned pregnancy (OR: 3.21), having a first child compared to having two children (OR: 11.20), having low birth weight infant (OR: 8.33) and unmet social support (OR: 1.02) were risk factors for PPD (p<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, increasing family income, social and spousal support, prevention of unplanned pregnancies using effective family planning methods and improving the life prosperity of the women are essential to the decrease of PPD prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the perception of traumatic childbirth during pregnancy and the postpartum period and the postnatal mental health outcomes of traumatic childbirth perception. This descriptive-longitudinal study was conducted from December 2017 to June 2018 in Turkey. The study included 248 pregnant women who were in weeks 36-40 of their pregnancies. The pregnant women were administered the Scale of Traumatic Childbirth Perception(STCP) and the Health Anxiety Inventory. The women were administered the STCP and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale three to six weeks after childbirth. Mean traumatic childbirth perception scores of pregnant women with high health anxiety were significantly higher (P=0.01).Traumatic childbirth perceptions of pregnant women who do not trust their ability and power and think that they cannot cope with labor pain were high (P=0.000). 21% of women had high perception of postpartum traumatic childbirth. The postpartum women with high levels of traumatic childbirth perception had significantly high levels of depression, anxiety and stress (P<0.001). The results show that the health anxiety experienced by women during pregnancy is related to their perception of traumatic childbirth.A traumatic childbirth experience affects the level of postpartum depression, anxiety, and stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to assess anxiety, depression, and knowledge level in postpartum women during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design and Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 212 postpartum women using a web‐based online survey in Ankara, Turkey. Findings: The prevalence of depression was 34.0%. The mean anxiety and COVID‐19 knowledge scores were 42.69 ± 9.93 and 9.69 ± 1.94, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the anxiety scores and depression status (p < 0.001) of women. There were statistically significant differences between fear about being infected with COVID‐19 for themselves (p = 0.01) and for babies (p = 0.01) and the postpartum depression (PPD). Practice Implications: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, early detection and appropriate and timely intervention to prevent and detect anxiety and PPD are crucial to the well‐being of a woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to evaluate the postpartum depression rates and maternal-infant bonding status among immediate postpartum women, whose last trimester overlapped with the lockdowns and who gave birth in a tertiary care center which had strong hospital restrictions due to serving also for COVID-19 patients, in the capital of Turkey. The low-risk term pregnant women who gave birth were given the surveys Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI) within 48 h after birth. A total of 223 women were recruited. The median score obtained from the EPDS was 7 (7) and 33 (14.7%) of the women were determined to have a risk for postpartum depression. The median scores of the EPDS inventory of depressive women were 15 (3). The median MAI score of 223 women was 100 (26); and the MAI scores of women with depression were significantly lower than the controls [73 (39) vs. 101 (18) respectively, p < 0.001]. Evaluation of the factors that affect the psychological status of pregnant and postpartum women will lead the healthcare system to improve the implementations during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The inadequacy experienced in maintaining breastfeeding was tried to be understood within the framework of Meleis' theory, and its relationship with growth spurts and postpartum depression was attempted to be revealed. Design and Methods: The study was planned in a case‐control type web‐based descriptive research design. Mothers (n = 572), who thought that they experienced breastfeeding problems, constituted the case group of the study, and mothers (n = 524), who thought that they did not experience breastfeeding problems, constituted the control group. Findings: A statistically significant relationship was found between the case and control groups in terms of growth spurts and depression risk. Practice Implications: It is recommended to determine mothers' mood changes and breastfeeding problems they experience on the first postpartum days, to provide counseling to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study was aimed at investigating the association between postpartum women's breastfeeding self-efficacy levels and their depression levels, social support levels, and breastfeeding attitudes in early postpartum period. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out in Kirklareli in Turkey. The population of the study consisted of 398 women aged 15–49 in the first 42 days of the postpartum period who presented to eight family health centers. The study data were collected face-to-face using the Personal Information Form, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Breastfeeding Attitudes of the Evaluation Scale (BAES). Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.61±5.72 (Min:18, Max: 44), and the mean score they obtained from the BSES-SF was 55.13±8.39. Statistically significant differences were detected between the participants' BSES-SF scores and age groups, employment status, perceived income level, and the number of living children (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were detected between marital status, educational status and BSES-SF scores (p > 0.05). In the multivariate regression analysis adjusted according to the sociodemographic characteristics, BAES, EPDS and MSPSS accounted for 48.3% of the BSES-SF. A negative association was found between BSES-SF scores and EPDS scores (β = −0.178, 95% CI:−0.349, −0.006), and a positive relation between the BAES scores (β = 0.194, 95% CI: 0.163, 0.226) and the MSPSS scores (β = 0.114, 95% CI: 0.037, 0.191). Conclusion: As the level of depression of women increases in the postpartum period, the level of breastfeeding self-efficacy decreases. The breastfeeding self-efficacy increases as the level of social support increases and as the attitudes that drive breastfeeding behavior change positively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine postpartum depression and psychosocial determinants in fathers for the first time. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted in relational descriptive type. The study sample, a province in eastern Turkey, located in the central district connected to two different Family Health Center registered in the postpartum period (3-6 months), which has created 250 father. The data were collected with a Personal Information Form, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Trait Anxiety Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the predictors of postpartum depression. Results: In the study, it was determined that 18.8% (n = 42) of fathers had a risk of postpartum depression (EPDS≥12). There was a positive correlation between postpartum depression and trait anxiety in fathers, and a negative significant relationship between depression and social support and social support sub-dimensions (family, friends, and private person). Regression analysis showed that trait anxiety, social support, and family social support were important determinants of postpartum depression in fathers. Conclusion: Findings show that high anxiety level, insufficient social support and insufficient family support are important determinants of depression in postpartum fathers. To reduce the risk of depression in postpartum fathers, relieving their anxiety and increasing their social support may help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the prenatal and postnatal versions of the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R) and to examine the predictive validity of PDPI-R in Turkish women, considering two gold standards to determine postpartum depression (PPD)., Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted between August 2021 and September 2023. A total of 301 pregnant women participated in the study. Participants completed the PDPI-R during the third trimester of pregnancy (T1) and at 4 weeks postpartum (T2). At T2, participants also completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and women were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders., Results: The prenatal version of the PDPI-R predicted PPD with 64% (R:0.64) accuracy on the basis of the EPDS and 78% accuracy (R:0.78) according to DSM IV criteria. The postnatal version of the PDPI-R predicted PPD with 71% (R:0.71) accuracy on the basis of the EPDS and 81% accuracy (R:0.781) based on DSM IV criteria. The cut-off points exhibited the highest sensitivity and specificity values at 8.5 for the prenatal version and 10.5 for the postnatal version., Conclusions: The PDPI-R is a valid and reliable screening tool for identifying Turkish women at high risk of developing PPD and for estimating the psychosocial risk associated with PPD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The postpartum period is a process that affects mothers and fathers mentally. In this systematic review, we aimed to investigate the literature on postpartum depression and elucidate the factors associated with depression in fathers/men; and eventually to draw attention to the subject. Methods: A literature search was conducted between April-May 2019 including qualitative and quantitative research articles published between 2009-2019 in Pubmed, Science Direct, EBSCOhost, Turkish Psychiatric Index and Ulakbim Medical Databases. A total of 18 articles in English (n = 17) and Turkish (n = 1) were included. Results: The majority of studies were quantitative (n=17) and 1 had a qualitative design. 22.2% were carried out in the Americas, 61.1% in Europe and 16.7% in Asia. In 16 of the studies, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was used to diagnose postpartum depression in fathers, and 4 of them assessed psychometric properties. According to the results of the findings, unemployment, age, economic status and social support were among the factors affecting postpartum depression in fathers. Conclusion: Besides the factors affecting the mothers such as age, education, social support, whether the pregnancy was planned, parenting stress, parental stress/sense of competence, quality of the relationship with the spouse, history of depression, number of people living at home; factors such as housing status, economic situation and unemployment affect postnatal depression in fathers. Since there was only one research article from Turkey, we believe that there is a need for research on this subject in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to identify the effectiveness of an exercise program in reducing the severity of postnatal depression in women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery. Design and Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted with 65 postpartum women residing in a city located in south-eastern Turkey. In the first postpartum month, following random assignment of subjects, the experimental group (n = 40) performed exercises for 4 weeks, and the control group (n = 40) received standard care. The participating women were administered the Edinburgh postpartum depression scale. Findings: The average age of the participants was 28.90 ± 4.83 (min:19, max:40). Pretest mean depression scores of the exercises (16.41 ± 1.61) and control group (15.74 ± 2.35) were found to be similar, and there were no statistically significant differences (P > .05). After the 4-week exercise program, a statistically significant difference was found between the posttest mean scores of the exercises (7.29 ± 1.67) and control (12.54 ± 2.65) group participants. Pretest mean scores were found to be similar, and there were no statistically significant differences (Z = -6.501, P = .001). Conclusion: The 4-week exercise program was found to be an effective method in decreasing the severity of depressive symptoms experienced in the postpartum period. Nurses and midwives providing care in the postpartum period are recommended to provide women in this period with exercise training. Practice Implications: Postpartum depression is a specific psychological disorder in which preventive interventions might lead to dramatic benefits. Exercises done in the postpartum period are reported to enable psychosocial well-being, less anxiety, and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this study, we examined the association between specific birth-related variables and postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms. Design and Methods: In this descriptive study, data were collected using a personal information form, the City Birth Trauma Scale, and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Findings: The findings revealed that 8.5% of participants met all the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. The risk of developing depression was 9.7 times higher among women who met all the criteria for PTSD than among those who did not meet all the criteria. Practice Implications: During the postpartum period, at-risk mothers should be followed and screened for PTSD and depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study is the first concerted effort to ascertain factor structure of EPDS using evidence based analytical techniques. It is the most widely used scale for assessing postpartum depression in Turkey, and yet no investigations have been conducted to assess it factor structure. This study was conducted from April 2012 to April 2018 at the Marmara University Hospital operating under the name of Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul Turkey. Results: A total of 1700 women were included in this study, who responded to the EPDS, in addition to demographic characteristics and well-being of their offspring. A total of 1615 mothers provided adequate data for inclusion in analysis. Standardized Chronbach's alpha for EPDS was 0.81 with corrected item-total correlations ranging from 0.35 to 0.62. Parallel analysis, MAP Velicer Test and Hull's method dictated retaining of one factor structure. All the items revealed adequate communalities (> 0.20) except item 2 (enjoyment) and item 10 (self-harm). Their communalities were 0.16 and 0.19, however, these items were not dropped. All of the items yielded moderate to strong factor loadings. Minimum factor loading was for item 2 (0.40) and highest for item 8 (0.71). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Postpartum depression affects up to 20 % of new mothers within the first 12 months of parturition. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has known importance in bone health, but it may also play an important role in other functions, including reproduction and fertility, immune function and mental health. This clinical commentary reviews literature evaluating 25(OH)D deficiency during pregnancy and the incidence of postpartum depressive symptomatology.Design: Narrative review, summary and recommendations.Setting/participants: A literature search revealed five relevant studies of antepartum women, three based in the USA, one in Turkey and one in Iran.Results: Three of the five studies measured serum 25(OH)D concentrations during the first or second trimester and discovered an association with 25(OH)D deficiency and depressive symptoms postpartum. One study determined an almost significant (P=0·058) inverse relationship with first-trimester 25(OH)D concentration and depressive symptoms postpartum, and the last study, which was a secondary analysis, did not find an association.Conclusions: The Endocrine Society recommends routine vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation due to increased metabolic demand in the mother, but a recent Cochrane review recommended against screening. Vitamin D should be the target of more studies during pregnancy and the postpartum period since it appears to have an important role for both medical and mental health. Vitamin D supplementation is a relatively safe and cost-effective intervention during pregnancy, and it may prove to be important in the prevention of postpartum depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the effects of a home follow‐up program in Turkey on care problems, anxiety, and depression levels of mothers after the birth of a premature baby. Methods: A semi‐experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design. Eighty premature newborns and their mothers were included in the study. Nursing care was given to mothers and babies in the study group through a total of four home visits on weeks 1, 2, 3, and days 40–42 in Kırıkkale, Turkey guided by the Nursing Diagnosis System and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) system of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA). Data were collected from a sociodemographics form, home care needs evaluation form, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, and State Anxiety Inventory. Results: There were no significant differences between groups for nursing diagnoses at baseline, while the study group resulted in significantly fewer problems on days 40–42, compared to the control group. Mothers had a comparatively lower depression and state anxiety risk in the study group compared to the control group. Conclusions: Providing home‐based nursing care for preterm mothers and babies during the first 40–42 days has the potential to decrease postnatal care problems, including maternal depression and state anxiety levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postpartum depression (PPD) emerges within the first 4 weeks of the postnatal period and might continue for as long as 1 year. The aims of this prospective study were to examine the prevalence, severity, and risk factors for PPD among adolescent mothers in Turkey. The study consisted of 84 adolescent mothers between the ages of 15 and 19 years. The participants were questioned about PPD at 3 postnatal periods: 4 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. A 23-item question form, prepared to evaluate the risk of PPD, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used. The risk of adolescent PPD was 19 (22.6%). There was a statistically significant association between the risk of PPD and various factors, such as age, educational background, trouble with partner and family, problems with sexual intercourse in the postnatal term, and assertiveness in making decisions about children (P <.05). At the 6-month follow-up, the scores of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale risk group remained the same, but they were lower at the 1-year follow-up. The results revealed that adolescent mothers need the assistance of partners, families, midwives/nurses, and other support systems, especially during the first postnatal year, to reduce the prevalence of adolescent PPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression, and changes over time from pregnancy to postpartum period. Design and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in 23 cities in Turkey, with 497 pregnant women. Findings: Of women, 13.5% had a high level of depressive symptoms during pregnancy and 4.8% during the postpartum period. Significant relationships emerged between total Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score and mean age of participants and their husbands, duration of marriage, parity, and history of receiving professional psychological support. Practice Implications: Family planning education could be an important intervention to prevent depression in young couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breastfeeding self-efficacy perception is an important factor that increases mother's breastfeeding success and duration. While the emergence of positive situations such as satisfaction or excitement increases self-efficacy; adverse events such as fatigue, pain, anxiety or depression reduce self-efficacy perception. Objectives: In our study, the relationship between mother's postnatal depression risk status and breastfeeding self-efficacy was evaluated. In addition, the effect of maternal socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric properties on postpartum depression risk status was determined. Methodology: This research was intended to be performed on a sample size of 357 mothers. Research volunteers completed the Postnatal Questionnare, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. According to the total score of the EPDS, mothers whose EPDS scores were 12 or more classified as a risk group and to be referred to relevant units. Results: Mothers whose EPDS scores were 12 or more classified as a risk group and prevalence was found to be 20.2%. In our study, it was determined that women with higher breastfeeding self-efficacy scores had lower rates of depression. There was no significant relationship between educational and occupational status, number of children, type of birth, gender of the baby, and depression levels of mothers. Mothers who did not have social support (p=.021), evaluating the income level as bad (p=.015), unplanned pregnancy (p<.001), and smoking during pregnancy (p=.038) were found to have a high risk of depression. Conclusions: It is important that the mother who has low breastfeeding self-efficacy level is evaluated by the health professional for postnatal depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors of this study aimed to determine the effects of coping strategies and conflict resolution styles on postpartum depression in heterosexual mothers in the postpartum period in Turkey. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 369 mothers with babies aged 1-12 months. The study was carried out between October 1, 2021, and December 1, 2021, in the pediatric outpatient clinic of the Medical Faculty Hospital of a province in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. Seventy-four (20.1%) mothers had scores above the depression scale cu-off point (>13). Having problems in marriage, getting a low score on the spouse's self-perception scale of dyadic coping with stress, and having negative, nonsubmissive, and retreating conflict resolution styles were found to be important factors associated with postpartum depression (p < .05). The incidence of postpartum depression was found to be associated with having problems in the marriage, not having good dyadic coping strategies, and having negative conflict resolution styles.

This study was conducted to determine the risk of postpartum depression in husbands of women who had a caesarean section and the factors affecting this risk. The study sample included husbands of 298 women who gave birth for the first time and via caesarean in Zonguldak Maternity and Child Health Hospital in Turkey. Data were collected using a data collection form and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. This study revealed that more than one-third of the fathers had a risk of postpartum depression. It also revealed that postpartum depression risk was high in fathers who had girl babies and whose wives had postpartum depression risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We determined the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and related risk factors in Turkey based on relevant research. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis and was conducted by performing a scan of the Turkish and English literature over the period of January-February 2016. Most of the research included in this systematic compilation made use of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. The scans executed indicated that 4,740 women out of 18,780 were at risk for PPD. In the computations made based on these data, it was found that the consolidated prevalence of PPD was 24% (21%-27% at a confidence interval of 95%) and that this rate varied between 9% and 51%. The study revealed 54 risk factors related to PPD. Those most commonly reported were mental problems/depression prior to pregnancy, unplanned/unwanted pregnancy, low income/socioeconomic level, bad marital relationship/problems with spouse/dissatisfaction with married life, and being a housewife. In this study, we showed that the prevalence rate of PPD is significantly high, that it varies within a wide range, that the prevalence of depression decreased with the increase of the time passed after childbirth, and that it is related to numerous and different factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this descriptive study, our aim was to assess the effects of traditional practices on postpartum depression. The participants were 461 Muslim mothers with infants aged between 2 weeks and 12 months, without a history of postpartum depression or other psychiatric problems and capable of communicating fluently. The participants were volunteers and were recruited from family health centers in urban Turkey between January 15 and April 15, 2015. Data were collected in a single face-to-face interview with each participant. Mothers in the research locality frequently have recourse to traditional practices in the postpartum period and the incidence of postpartum depression appears to be lower amongst those who use such practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To examine the frequency of physical and emotional health problems associated with labor and their relationship with self-rated health measures.Methods:Four hundred women were enrolled. Data collection was accomplished through the completion of a form on sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, a questionnaire that measured the self-rated health level as well as physical health problems, and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale.Results:Most commonly reported health problems in the initial six-week period were fatigue (77.5%), sleep disturbance (76.0%), and dysuria (61.3%). At one-year postpartum, fatigue (33.9%), sleep disturbance (32.8%) and constipation (15.5%) were the most commonly reported complaints. Those who self-reported a “poor health” at six weeks and one year comprised of 40.0% and 19.8% of the participants, respectively.Conclusion:Further studies in other populations are warranted to better delineate the prevalence rates, which will provide useful data for developing policies aimed at improving postpartum care. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]