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It is necessary to estimate the number of animals slaughtered outside slaughterhouses in countries like Türkiye, where slaughterings in non-slaughterhouses are relatively high. This paper presents the estimation of red meat production including all slaughterings both in slaughterhouses and in non-slaughterhouses by using a re-established model based on change in the inventory of animals including imported and exported animals, slaughtering rate for the slaughtered animals raised domestically in Türkiye, and total red meat consumption per capita per year in Türkiye. Total red meat production in Türkiye was estimated as 1 million 952 thousand 38 tonnes, bovine meat production was estimated as 1 million 471 thousand 550 tonnes, sheep and goats meat production was estimated as 480 thousand 488 tonnes in 2021. Total red meat human consumption per capita in Türkiye was estimated as 23 kg carcass weight per capita per year and 17 kg retail weight per capita per year. 17 kg of total red meat human consumption came from bovine meat, and 6 kg came from sheep and goats meat. According to the result of cluster analysis of European countries, Türkiye was clustered in the group of lowest total red meat consumption with Albania, Ukraine, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Moldova, North Macedonia, Czech Republic, and Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-cultural study aimed to determine the main factors behind potential changes in eating habits by analyzing changes in the patterns of beef consumption currently observed in Brazil, Spain, and Turkey. To achieve this aim, 412 regular beef consumers from Brazil, 407 from Spain, and 424 from Turkey answered a self-administered questionnaire. The study surveyed the effects of economic factors, switching from beef to other sources of protein, aspects of credence, health-related concerns, the influence of lifestyle on beef consumption patterns, and purchasing decision factors. The most important factors that changed consumer behavior and resulted in a decrease in consumption, mostly among Brazilian and Turkish consumers, were the economics and accessibility of the products. Beef was replaced by other alternative sources of protein that were likewise derived from animals. The consumers whose purchasing intentions were most significantly influenced by credence factors (e.g., indiscriminate use of agricultural products, substandard animal welfare requirements, among others) were Brazilian and Turkish and, to a lesser degree, Spanish consumers. Lifestyle factors (e.g., consumption of out-of-home meals, available time to cook, among others) were demonstrated to alter consumption patterns and therefore must be carefully considered by the industry, taking into account cultural differences and consumer needs. The population under investigation considered that eating beef had no impact on their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is conducted to determine the meat purchase, storage, handling or preparation, and personal hygiene practices of consumers living in Istanbul and their level of knowledge on food safety practices. A questionnaire was sent to 830 consumers, who were responsible for primary shopping and cooking in their households. Participants achieved a certain score with their responses to the statements in the questionnaire. The difference between the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and their scores was determined by independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA. A significant difference was observed in participants' knowledge scores about meat purchasing and carrying, storage and preparation practices and gender (p<0.05). In addition, participants' meat purchase and carrying practices information scores were significantly influenced by monthly income while storage and preparation information scores were significantly affected by the age of participants (p<0.05). An insignificant difference between the personal hygiene and socio-demographic parameters was observed (p>0.05). By considering these results, it is recommended to prepare questionnaires and interviews to reveal the status of applications for measuring food safety information of consumers in other regions of Turkey, and planning preventive measures to eliminate risks in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the factors that affect the red meat production in Turkey have been analyzed with an analytical approach. The material of the research is red meat production (dependent variable), red meat importation and exportation, livestock importation and exportation, prices of fattening feed, prices of red meat, agricultural supports (independent variables), index of consumer and producer prices in 1994-2017. Current prices and agricultural supports have been turned into fixed prices through consumer and producer prices. The effect of independent variables on red meat production has been analyzed through Least Squares Method. Before the stage of analysis, the stability of the series has been tested through Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test. As a result of the test, it has been found out that, red meat production, agricultural supports, red meat importation and livestock importation series are not stationary in level values and they have been stabilized by taking their first variations. By applying stepwise method, which is one of the multiple regression methods, to the stabilized series, the model that best describes the relationship between dependent and independent variables has been identified. According to that model, it has been revealed that, the rise in the livestock exportation, livestock importation and red meat importation, reduces the red meat production and the increase in the red meat prices and agricultural supports, also increases the red meat production in Turkey. On the other hand, it has been found out that, the prices of fattening feed and the variables of red meat exportation are not explanatory in red meat production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of the extent to which increases in the price of red meat is reflected in the price of chicken meat will shed light to the sector in many areas, including production planning. The purpose of this study is to present how the increases in the price of red meat are reflected in the consumer prices of chicken meat and to determine the estimation rate of the consumer prices of chicken meat by analysing the monthly average consumer prices of chicken meat, beef and mutton (TRY/kg) in Turkey between January 2005 and September 2018 using different regression models and the decision tree algorithm. The results of the study indicate that in predicting the prices of chicken meat using the prices of beef, the cubic regression equation gives accurate predictions at a rate of 91.4%, and in predicting the prices of chicken meat using the prices of mutton, the cubic regression equation gives accurate predictions at a rate of 89.9%. It was estimated that 1% increase in the prices of beef would result in an increase by 1.35% in the prices of chicken meat, and a 1% increase in the prices of mutton would result in an increase by 0.39% in the prices of chicken meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, meat consumption and the nutritional status of pregnant women living in Giresun province of Turkey were investigated. The study was carried out at Giresun University, the Maternity and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital between February-March 2019. The study group consisted of 218 pregnant women aged 18 to 49 years, who benefited from polyclinic services and agreed to participate in the survey. A questionnaire consisting of 12 questions was used, and the findings were evaluated using SPSS to generate descriptive statistics and t-tests or ANOVAs. The majority of participants stated that red meat is beneficial during pregnancy (71.1%) and this benefit is due to its nutrients (69.1%). Educational level was positively related to a balanced diet during pregnancy. Although the pregnant women in this study have knowledge about nutrition during pregnancy, nutrition programs can be further strengthened to increase their level of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, in consultation with 2690 households from the provincial centers of Turkey, socio-demographic and economic factors affecting red and chicken meat, and egg expenditures were determined. Although there are various demand models that can be used for this purpose, the Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) that is widely used in the literature, was utilized for the study analysis. In this model, it was determined that the gender, education level, income and birthplace of consumers were significant in determining veal and beef demand. No variable apart from being born in an urban area was adequately effective in determining the consumption of mutton in terms of socio-demographic variables. Chicken meat had the highest expenditure elasticity (0.9394), followed by veal and beef (0.8691), eggs (0.8528) and mutton (0.7415). When examining the cross-price elasticities for veal and beef, goat meat was estimated to have a negative value (complementary goods) and other product groups were found to have a positive value (competing goods). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balanced and sufficient alimentation is important for protection of health and prevention of diseases. The one who does not consume balanced and sufficient nutrition experiences decrease in efficiency and resistance to diseases and also experience unhealthy social attitude and behaviour. As a result of these, socio-economic development decelerates and social disorder is experienced. Red meat, which has a prominent place in animal food, is also rich nutrition in terms of protein. As known, protein is prominent building stone of living organisms. Growth and reproduction of living things and passing of characteristics of inheritance from generation to generation are possible with nutrition including protein. In this study, preferences and consumption quantity of red meat in Edirne has been analyzed through household surveys. In the analysis of survey, methods of graphics, Chi-Square, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests have been applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common concern with official estimates of red meat production in Turkey is that they underestimate the level of production. One of the frequently cited reasons is that unregulated slaughter is undercounted. This study uses an estimation method based on the biology of red meat production to examine the potential impact of this undercounting. The production estimates obtained for 1991-1998 using this biological-based method exceed the numbers estimated by official organizations, but fall within the range of estimates obtained from other proposed approaches to estimating red meat production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from retail raw red meat samples and evaluate their enterotoxin gene and antibiotic resistance profiles. A total of 452 retail raw meat samples, including beef (n = 200), sheep (n = 125), and lamb (n = 127) randomly purchased from various supermarkets and butchers in Ankara between July 2019 and November 2020, were tested for the prevalence of S. aureus. The S. aureus strain was identified using morphological and molecular (16S rRNA and nuc gene) methods. Moreover, nine Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes were screened using polymerase chain reaction. Antibiotic resistance of S. aureus was determined using the phenotypic disc diffusion method. The overall prevalence of S. aureus among screened samples was 21.23%. Additionally, 65.62% of S. aureus strains contained SE gene regions. The predominant SEs in the S. aureus strains were sea (50.79%), followed by sed (25.39%) and seb (23.80%). However, sec, see, seg, seh, sei, and sej genes were never detected. A substantial proportion (40-100%) of the isolates were found resistant to kanamycin, telithromycin, penicillin G, streptomycin, erythromycin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, pristinamycin, nalidixic acid, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was observed in 96.87% of the S. aureus strains. These results show a low prevalence of S. aureus in raw red meat samples in Turkey. However, a high rate of SEA raises serious health concerns. Due to the high levels of MDR observed in this study, there is a need to strictly control antibiotic use in animals in Turkey., (Copyright © 2021 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study investigated the consumption behaviours of healthcare professionals in relation to red meat and processed red meat products., Design: This study included a questionnaire conducted through face-to-face interviews with 149 health professionals. The purpose of the questionnaire was to determine the extent to which health professionals agreed with the WHO classification of red meat and processed red meat on their list of carcinogenic products., Setting: This research was carried out in İzmir, which is Turkey's third largest city. The survey was conducted in 2016 by holding face to face interviews with forty-three specialist doctors, sixteen doctors, twelve dentists, sixty-four nurses and fourteen pharmacists., Subjects: Nationally representative sample of healthcare professionals in Turkey., Results: People educated in healthcare are especially cautious about the consumption of processed red meat products. The results of the research revealed the importance of processing and cooking patterns in red meat consumption preferences., Conclusions: The consequences of the research, in terms of breaking down prejudices and overcoming the anxieties of those with health concerns who do not consume red meat, are important. In fact, the results show that healthcare professionals consume red meat, but they are more careful in their consumption of processed red meat products. This result is in line with the WHO report.

This study was designed to investigate the potential contribution of bioactive peptides to the biological activities related to the consumption of pork, beef, chicken and turkey meat following in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion. After extraction of the peptidic fractions from digested samples, the bioactivities were evaluated by in vitro antioxidant activity as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibition assays. Pork and turkey meat appeared to be the best sources of antioxidant peptides. Pork was found to be the best source of DPP-IV-inhibitory peptides whereas chicken meat supplied peptides with the highest ACE-inhibitory activity. The comprehensive analysis of the peptidomic profile of digested samples was performed by nano-LC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS analysis. A total of 217, 214, 257 and 248 peptides were identified in digested pork, beef, chicken and turkey meat, respectively. Chicken and turkey meat showed the highest similarity in peptide sequences with 202 common peptides. Sixty-two peptides matched with sequences with previously demonstrated biological activity. In particular, 35 peptides showed ACE-inhibitory activity and 23 DPP-IV inhibitory activity. Twenty-two bioactive peptides were commonly released from the different types of meat. The relative amount of identified bioactive peptides were positively correlated to the biological activities of the different digested meats. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The present study describes for the first time a comprehensive peptide profile of four types of meat after in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion. The peptide inventory was used to identify 62 bioactive peptides with ACE- and DPPIV-inhibitory and antioxidant activities. The bioactivity analysis revealed interesting and significant differences between the studied meats. The originality of this work lay in the description of intrinsic differences in physiological functions after the ingestion of meat proteins from different species. In a context in which the current research scene relates meat consumption to the onset of chronic pathologies, this peptide profiling and bioactivity analysis shed light on the possible health benefits of peptides released from meat proteins. In fact, this paper represents a sort of detailed peptide list that may help to predict which peptides could be generated after meat intake and detectable at gastro-intestinal level. It also provides a thorough investigation of novel biological activities associated to meat protein hydrolysates, giving a new positive aspect to meat consumption., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Swab samples from cattle and sheep carcasses (120 of each) were tested for Listeria monocytogenes, and 120 slaughterhouse wastewater samples were tested for listeriophages over 12 months (10 samples per month) to note the seasonal distribution. L. monocytogenes and bacteriophage isolates were characterized, and the biocontrol of L. monocytogenes was investigated in meatballs with a phage cocktail. L. monocytogenes was found in 3.4 and 2.5% of cattle and sheep carcasses, respectively. All the isolates were found to harbor hlyA, actA, inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, plcA, plcB, fbpA, and fri genes with varied mRNA expression levels by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analysis. Five isolates did not harbor the vip gene. According to enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR, L. monocytogenes isolates were classified into four different groups based on their DNA patterns. The L. monocytogenes isolates were characterized for antibiotic susceptibility; one strain was found to be resistant to five different antibiotic classes. Of 11 lytic listeriophages, two were selected for the cocktail based on their DNA restriction profiles, efficiency of plating, transmission electron microscopy, and in vitro and in vivo analyses. In the biocontrol study, we used a food model that consisted of a novel bacteriophage cocktail in raw meatballs. The highest reduction of L. monocytogenes was recorded as 2.2 log CFU/g at a multiplicity of cellular infection of 4.7 at the end of 1 h. In conclusion, the new bacteriophage cocktail in this study can be considered an efficient biocontrol agent of L. monocytogenes in meatballs.