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The aim of the study is to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between vicarious trauma (VT) and psychological resiliency (professional vitality, personal vitality, professional stress, personal stress) in school counsellors. In the study conducted with a total of 201 school counsellors (SC) working at different school types and levels, School Psychological Counsellor Self-Efficacy Scale, Vicarious Trauma Scale, and Skovholt Professional Resiliency and Self-Care Inventory were used as data collection tools. Mediation analyses are examined by using the "Simple Mediation Model 4" model via 5000 bootstrap sample. The results of the study revealed that self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between VT and psychological resiliency, professional vitality, personal vitality, professional stress, and personal stress.

Different applications have been initiated for the restructuring of the Turkish education System, with the proclamation of the Republic and 123 training experts have been invited to Turkey between the years 1923-1960 in this regard. 19 people have been requested to prepare the report in relation with their fields of specialization among the foreign education experts arriving in Turkey between these dates; however, these experts have produced reports that include the whole of the Turkish education system. This situation has also led to superficial assessment of some issues that need to be addressed specially. The physical education and sports field, which is one of these areas, is handled very superficially in the expert reports, even they have seen to be affected from the reports carried out before themselves and their reports are in the situational dimension rather than functionality. As there is no adequate development in the field of physical education and sports within the reformed education system, the Republic of Turkey has taken measures to bring foreign physical education and sports experts to Turkey through government agencies such as Turkey Training Community Alliance (TTCA), Turkish Sports Authority, the General Directorate of Physical Education and to develop this field in modern sense.

The purpose of this study was to determine students' perceptions about their biology teachers' attitudes and communication behaviors in classroom environment in Turkey. A Likert type questionnaire was constructed consisting of 33 statements divided to three sub-sections. The Cronbach's alpha reliability for the instrument was 0.9076. Results showed that attitudes, behaviors, communication and examination styles of the biology teachers in are ranged between normal and acceptable limits. Results also provide a discussion frame of communication related problems in order to improve the subject knowledge and teacher training programs.

This study employed a print laboratory material based on 5E model of constructivist learning approach to teach reflection of light and Image on a Plane Mirror. The effect of the instruction which conducted with the designed print laboratory material on academic achievements of prospective science and technology teachers and their attitudes towards physics laboratory was questioned. The study was carried out with 98 prospective teachers who attended the course named General Physics Laboratory III and undergraduate students at the Department of Science Education at Karadeniz Technical University during 2011-2012 fall semesters. The study was conducted by adopting semi-experimental method. Experimental group instructed with the designed print laboratory material whereas control group instructed in through traditional laboratory practices. The Achievement Test, Physics Laboratory Attitude Scale, and Reflective Writings were used as data collection tools. It was proved that the instruction carried out with print laboratory materials based on 5E model contributed to academic achievements of prospective teachers and their attitudes towards physics laboratory more than the instruction based on traditional approach. Based on the research results, it was recommended that print materials prepared based on the constructivist learning theory could be generalized in the Physics Laboratory courses.

Genetic diseases play an increasingly important role in cattle breeding as breeding technologies such as artificial insemination has an inborn risk of disseminating deleterious genes, especially from high merit breeding sires. Cholesterol deficiency (CD) is a metabolic disorder first recognized in Holstein cattle in 2015. The condition is characterized by chronic diarrhea and unthriftiness in calves being homozygous for the defective allele. The prevalence of carriers of CD in Turkish cattle is at present unknown and therefore 700 heifers and cows of different breeds, including 300 Holsteins were genotyped. Of the tested Holsteins, 2.0% turned out to be carriers of CD thus showing that the defective allele for CD is actually present in Turkish Holstein cattle. The carrier prevalence was between 0% and 4.0% in 4 different Holstein herds. Carriers were not found in other breeds tested, which included native Turkish cattle breeds. To avoid the birth of Holstein calves that will develop clinical signs of CD, sires should be tested for CD, and only homozygous normal individuals should be used for breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The Awassi sheep is the most widely bred fat-tail sheep in the Near and Middle East. In this research, a total of 150 healthy Awassi sheep from Türkiye, the Palestinian Authority, and Saudi Arabia were screened for variants in the prion protein gene (PRNP). Genotyping Awassi sheep for the prion protein gene allowed us to assess the level of genetic susceptibility to scrapie in studied populations. In addition, twenty-seven amino acid substitutions were found. Eight of them have not been previously reported. Our results on Awassi sheep may assist selection programs that aim to increase the scrapie-resistant genotypes in the populations to reduce the risk of scrapie. Scrapie is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease that affects sheep and goats, and genetic susceptibility to scrapie in sheep is associated with polymorphisms in the prion protein (PRNP) gene. The aim of this study is to identify PRNP polymorphism in Awassi sheep from Türkiye, the Palestinian Authority, and Saudi Arabia. A total of 150 healthy sheep were genotyped for PRNP, using Sanger sequencing. There were seven alleles and eleven genotypes observed based on codons 136, 154, and 171 of PRNP. The ARQ allele was predominant in all populations. The most resistant allele to scrapie, ARR, was present in all three regions. The VRQ allele, associated with the highest susceptibility to scrapie, was detected only in Türkiye at a low frequency. In this study, twenty-seven amino acid substitutions were found. Eight of them (R40Q, G65E, H88L, S98T, A118P, S138T, V192F and L250I) have not been previously reported. These data indicate that sheep breeds close to the sheep domestication center have maintained high genetic diversity in the PRNP region. Our findings on PRNP will provide valuable insights for sheep breeding programs, aiding in the selection of genotypes resistant to scrapie in Türkiye, the Palestinian Authority, and Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the neuromuscular responses to three typical football (soccer) training sessions and the reliability of peak speed (PS) measured during a submaximal running test (SRT) for identifying neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) status. Jump height (CMJH) and peak velocity (CMJPV) were collected from a CMJ test, while peak speed (PS) was collected during an SRT before and after each training session. Large effect size (ES) decreases were observed in each variable post-training (ES; − 1.42 to − 2.32). Significant differences (> 0.001) were detected between each football session's external load variables. Coefficients of variations were small (< 10%) with moderate (CMJPV; 0.53, PS; 0.44) and strong (CMJH; 0.72) intraclass correlation coefficients between pre-test measures. The demands of each football session aligned with the principles of tactical periodization and were sufficient to produce the fatigue necessary to elicit physiological adaptations. PS was also shown to be a viable measure of monitoring NMF status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Antibiotic use is common in periodontal treatments for preventing postoperative infections. However, due to the need for more information about prescribing patterns amongst periodontists in Turkey, this study aimed to investigate the tendency of prescribing systemic antibiotics in Turkey. METHODS This survey was distributed to 108 periodontists in clinical practice at university/private clinics in Turkey in March-July 2020. Demographic characteristics of participants, their use of systemic antibiotics, and their type/dose/timing for surgical/non-surgical periodontal treatments were obtained. RESULTS In all, 55.6% of participants indicated that they prescribed antibiotics as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment. Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid (AMC) + Metronidazole (ME) combination was the most prescribed (48.3%) among others. Respondents were more likely to prescribe antibiotics for surgical periodontal therapy (77.8%), and most of them (66.7%) let patients take antibiotics after completion of surgical treatment, 29.8% both before and after surgery. AMC (63.1%) and AMC + ME (27.4%) were most prescribed for surgical periodontal treatment. Most of the participants prefer to advise systemic antibiotics following allogeneic (80%) or heterogeneous (57.4) tissue graft applications, and nearly half of them (42.6%) prescribed antibiotics after autogenous graft applications. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of systemic antibiotic prescription was relatively high among periodontists in Turkey. These results are beneficial for the development of practice guidelines in Turkey. The necessity of having a guideline in using antibiotics in cases of periodontal disease, periodontal surgery and periimplantitis, has once again been demonstrated.INTRODUCTION Antibiotic use is common in periodontal treatments for preventing postoperative infections. However, due to the need for more information about prescribing patterns amongst periodontists in Turkey, this study aimed to investigate the tendency of prescribing systemic antibiotics in Turkey. METHODS This survey was distributed to 108 periodontists in clinical practice at university/private clinics in Turkey in March-July 2020. Demographic characteristics of participants, their use of systemic antibiotics, and their type/dose/timing for surgical/non-surgical periodontal treatments were obtained. RESULTS In all, 55.6% of participants indicated that they prescribed antibiotics as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment. Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid (AMC) + Metronidazole (ME) combination was the most prescribed (48.3%) among others. Respondents were more likely to prescribe antibiotics for surgical periodontal therapy (77.8%), and most of them (66.7%) let patients take antibiotics after completion of surgical treatment, 29.8% both before and after surgery. AMC (63.1%) and AMC + ME (27.4%) were most prescribed for surgical periodontal treatment. Most of the participants prefer to advise systemic antibiotics following allogeneic (80%) or heterogeneous (57.4) tissue graft applications, and nearly half of them (42.6%) prescribed antibiotics after autogenous graft applications. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of systemic antibiotic prescription was relatively high among periodontists in Turkey. These results are beneficial for the development of practice guidelines in Turkey. The necessity of having a guideline in using antibiotics in cases of periodontal disease, periodontal surgery and periimplantitis, has once again been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Dental Science is the property of Brazilian Dental Science Journal-ICT-UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the increasing number of studies that address various types of developmental relationships and their outcomes, we still know little about the mechanisms through which these relationships affect career outcomes. We investigated the mediating role of academics' research productivity in the relationship between both developmental network quantity and developmental relationship quality, and career satisfaction. This study proposed a theoretical model for the aforementioned mechanism, and empirically tested it. Questionnaires were administered in-person to academics across eighteen universities in Turkey and 564 responses were received. Findings revealed that research productivity plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between developmental networks and career satisfaction. Results were evaluated for theoretical contributions and practical implications and discussed with regard to future research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Education Technology & Scientific Researches is the property of Ayse Burcu Ulusoy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Eurasian Education & Culture is the property of Ayse Burcu Ulusoy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/aim: Pneumonia is the most serious clinical presentation of COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings that can properly predict COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in the Gazi University hospital. All hospitalized patients with confirmed and suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection between 16 March 2020 and 30 April 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. COVID-19 patients were separated into two groups, pneumonia and nonpneumonia, and then compared to determine predicting factors for COVID-19 pneumonia. Variables that had a P-value of less than 0.20 and were not correlated with each other were included in the logistic regression model. Results: Of the 247 patients included in the study 58% were female, and the median age was 40. COVID-19 was confirmed in 70.9% of these patients. Among the confirmed COVID-19 cases, 21.4% had pneumonia. In the multivariate analysis male sex (P = 0.028), hypertension (P = 0.022), and shortness of breath on hospital admission (P = 0.025) were significant factors predicting COVID-19 pneumonia. Conclusion: Shortness of breath, male sex, and hypertension were significant for predicting COVID-19 pneumonia on admission. Patients with these factors should be evaluated more carefully for diagnostic procedures, such as thorax CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Over the last 2 decades, the usage of biological agents in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has been a successful and promising approach in controlling disease activity and preventing chronic sequelae. However, there are ongoing concerns about the long‐term safety data and side‐effect profile. We aimed to present preliminary data on the incidence of malignancy in patients with JIA treated with biological agents versus the general population rates in Turkey. Method: A single‐center hospital‐based cohort study was performed to analyze cancer occurrence among JIA patients treated with biologic agents during the observation period between January 2004 and May 2019. As reference data for direct standardization, age, gender, and calendar year‐specific incidence rates from the Turkish cancer registry were used. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR, ratio of cancers observed to expected) was generated with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The study sample consisted of 1023 JIA patients who had been treated with biologic or non‐biologic agents. In the biologic‐experienced group (n = 656), the mean age (at the study) was 16.7 ± 5.6 years. The mean length of follow‐up was 9.9 ± 5.0 years. One cancer was detected within the observation period (SIR: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.06‐6.3). The patient was an 18‐year‐old male who had previously received etanercept and tocilizumab until the diagnosis of the hematologic malignancy (SIR: 2.5, 95% CI: 0.1‐12.6). Conclusion: Patients treated with biologic agents appeared to have an increased rate of incident hematologic malignancy versus the general population in Turkey. However, before mentioning a clear causal relationship, other potential contributing factors should be taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four voucher specimens and two photos of the Striped Dwarf Snake, Eirenis lineomaculatus Schmidt, 1939 from Elazığ, Adıyaman, and Mardin provinces, are presented based on photos and our fieldwork performed in south-eastern and eastern Anatolia between 2015 and 2018. With this study, the records of E. lineomaculatus extend the known distribution of species about 74 km to the northwest and filled the gaps in the distribution range. All data including morphometric measurements and pholidolial are compatible with the published one. Moreover, some ecological features of the collection habitats are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical Akdamar Cathedral is located on an island on Lake Van. The cathedral was built eleven centuries ago. The building has numerous exterior reliefs that encircle the Cathedral and are composed of four levels. They include historical, religious, and cultural compositions along with animal figures. Alongside the human relief sculptures on the building, the bird and mammal figures are very important in terms of reflecting the biological richness of the region. For this study, detailed photographs of the bird reliefs on the exterior walls of the Cathedral have been taken. The description of bird species on the reliefs are compared with the figures of the present-day bird species. Therefore, the similarity between the bird fauna of the region in the past and its current condition and the biological diversity of the bird species at that time are identified. Thus, it is revealed that nineteen species of bird living in the region at that time were engraved and immortalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined 35 golden grass skinks Heremites auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Squamata: Scincidae), obtained from various locations in Turkey, for helminth parasites. We found 1 species of Cestoda, Mesocestoides sp., and 7 species of Nematoda: Parapharyngodon dogieli, Parapharyngodon lilfordi, Parapharyngodon psammodromi, Pharyngodon mamillatus, Spauligodon eremiasi, Spauligodon sp., and Thubunaea baylisi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to adapt short form of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) to Turkish and investigate the validity and reliability of the scale for Turkish adolescents. Method: The participants in this study were 293 high school students aged between 14 and 19. Among the participants 110 (37.5%) were male, 183 (62.5%) were female and mean age was found to be 15.85 (SS=1.20). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the construct validity of the scale. In order to check criterion validity of Turkish version of the ULS8 scale, the General Belongingness Scale, and the Life Satisfaction Scale were used. For reliability of Turkish version of the ULS-8, average variance extracted (AVE), composit reliability, Cronbach alpha level and test-retest correlation were computed. Results: The factor analysis resulted in one factor. Factor loadings of the items varied between 0.31 and 0.71. All of the fit indices indicated a good-fit model for the ULS8. Criterion-related validity analysis revealed that there were significant relationships between loneliness and the general belongingness (r=-0.71), life satisfaction (r=-0.42). The results also showed that internal consistency coefficients of the factors were highly satisfactory for whole scale α=0.74. Test-retest reliability scales was found to be (r=0.84, p<0.001) on a sample of 64 high school students in a period of two weeks. Conclusion: Findings suggested that the Turkish version of the ULS-8 was found a valid and reliable instrument for Turkish adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current literature demonstrated a strong relationship between emotional regulation or dysregulation and mental health. Several attempts have been made to assess how human beings regulate specifc emotions they face. The purpose of the current study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire (REQ) developed by Phillips and Power (2007) in Turkish adolescents. In order to test the construct validity of the REQ, both exploratory and confrmatory factor analyses were carried out. Results of EFA and DFA yielded four subscales (external-dysfunctional, internal-dysfunctional, internal-functional, and external-dysfunctional) alike the original study, and 18-item of original 19 items. Criterion validity study was run with 190 subjects and yielded significant correlations were obtained between the REQ and Strengths and Diffculties Questionnaire, Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale and Psychosomatic Symptoms Subscale of Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. The questionnaire has satisfactory internal consistency values varied from .57 to .76. Test-retest reliability study was conducted with 175 subjects and the correlations varied from .51 and .70. Findings demonstrated that the scale has good psychometric properties for Turkish adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several lines of evidence indicate that oral microbial flora play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Behçet disease. Saliva flow rate, buffer capacity and microorganism content are very important in the maintenance of oral health. Aims: We aimed to evaluate saliva flow rate, pH, buffer capacity and Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli content along with the decayed, missing, and filled tooth index in Behçet's patients. Study Design: Case-control study Methods: Forty patients with active Behçet disease [female:male (F/M) 21/19, mean age 31.05±11.08 years] and forty healthy persons (F/M 21/19, mean age 31.03+9.14 years) were included in the study. The oral region was first examined, and the decayed, missing, and filled tooth index was calculated for each person. Stimulated saliva was collected and divided into two separate millimetric tubes to calculate the buffer capacity of the saliva, determine Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli levels and measure the pH of the saliva. A Caries Risk Test buffer strip was used to calculate the buffer capacity. Caries Risk Test bacterial kit was used to determine Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli levels. A pH meter was used to measure the pH of the saliva. Results: The mean saliva pH of the patients was higher than the controls (7.76±0.51, 7.18±0.46, respectively) (p<0.001). The mean level of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in patients was higher than controls (p<0.05). The mean decayed, missing, and filled tooth index of patients was 9.82±6.59 (range 1 -28), while the mean decayed, missing, and filled tooth index of the controls was 6.05±3.35 (range 1-16) (p<0.01 ). There were no significant differences between the patients and the controls with respect to saliva flow rate and saliva buffer capacity (p>0.05). Conclusion: We think that the maintenance of oral health by effective, regular tooth brushing, regular dental check-ups and dental treatment for Behçet patients is very important for the prevention and therapy of Behçet disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four specimens of Platyceps ventromaculatus from three localities were examined in terms of morphometry and pholidosis. They are deposited in the Zoology Museum of Harran University. The taxonomic status of the species is discussed and it is concluded that the current status is valid and with this study for the first time the occurrence of the species in Turkey is confirmed. In addition, the known distribution area of the species in south-eastern Anatolia is extended as a result of these new localities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 63 specimens of Leptotyphiops macrorhynchus collected from 14 localities were examined in terms of morphometric measurements and pholidosis characteristics. Eleven localities were found on the east side of the Euphrates River, an important dispersal barrier for animals in Anatolia and three localities on the west side of the river. According to Mann-Whitney U test dorsalia numbers showed differences between the east and west side population of the Euphrates River (p<0.05). The results of the student t test also showed two morphometric characters (diameter at midbody and diameter at tail) and two ratios different between the populations. This study also extends the known distribution area of the species by recording new localities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and Medium Size Establishments (SMEs) in Turkey, and The Utilization of Information Technologies (IT) in Turkey are necessary for competing in internal and external markets, producing quality goods and services with optimum cost and marketing them effectively. Hence, the utilization of information technologies is very important. The aim of this study is to dedicate the level of utilization of information technologies in SME in DÜZCE and to determine the effects of information technologies on firms. The questionnaire method was used in this study and 58 establishments' questionnaires were evaluated. For analyzing the data, SPSS 12.00 was employed. In the statistical analyzes was purposed that to determine whether there is any difference between the action fields, target market, stranger capital of the firms and the information technologies approaches. In the conclusion of the analysis, it is reached that SME' information technologies approaches are changing according to their supply markets, the number of staff, the length of action, and target markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumen ciliate composition was surveyed in a single Goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa (Güldenstaedt, 1780), living in the Şanlıurfa Province in Turkey. As a result of the survey, 3 species belonging to the genus Entodinium, E. dubardi, E. nanellum and E. simplex, were detected. The ciliate density in the rumen content was 87.5× 104 ml-1. This is the first report on rumen ciliates in gazelle living in Turkey and no previously unknown species were observed. In addition, this is the first report from a wild animal in Turkey. The Goitered gazelle has a fauna somewhat similar to that previously observed in Mongolian gazelle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study that investigates the effectiveness of regulation of emotion questionnaire (REQ) adoption in controlling the emotions of teenagers in Diyarbakr, Turkey. Researchers did a study on 890 elementary and high school students from different schools and the city to assess the validity of REQ. Moreover, they discovered that REQ produced four solutions and had 51.48% overall variance.

Abstract: Scrapie, a fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), occurs in two phenotypes; classical and atypical. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic risk and identify the PRNP polymorphisms for atypical scrapie in a total of 1110 healthy sheep from 18 Turkish native sheep breeds. There were 10 alleles and 23 genotypes observed based on codons 136, 141, 154 and 171 of PRNP gene. The ALRQ allele was predominant for all breeds. The AFRQ allele, associated with the susceptibility to atypical scrapie, was detected in only İvesi. The other susceptible allele, ALHQ, was found at low frequencies in Akkaraman, Kangal Akkaraman, Güneykaraman, Kıvırcık, Sakız, Dağlıç and Gökçeada breeds. Generally, the ALRQ/ALRQ genotype, which is resistant to atypical scrapie, was predominant in all breeds. Among the most susceptible genotypes to atypical scrapie, only ALHQ/ALHQ was found in this study. In addition, the ARR/ARR genotype, which has been reported in lots of atypical scrapie positive sheep from various countries, was detected in almost all Turkish native sheep breeds. According to our results, it is propounded that the susceptibility to atypical scrapie increased from eastern to western part of Turkey. Although it seems that Turkish native sheep breeds are safe from atypical scrapie, the occurrence of susceptible genotypes should be taken into consideration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a study on eremial snake species locality records in southeastern Turkey (Ophidia: Elapidae, Colubridae, Leptotyphlopidae, Typhlopidae). It says that Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus is first recorded from westernmost localities, while Walterinnesia morgani and Spalerosophis diadema are recorded from localities near Kilis. It notes that the new locality record broadens the known range of snake species some 80 kilometer (km) to the east. It adds that Turkish desert cobras were referred to Walterinnesia aegyptia and the diagnostic characters of new specimen from Kilis match the characteristics of female W. morgani.

Aim: Aim of this study is to determine Helicobacter pylori infection rate in Vitamin B12 deficiency and determine whether H.pylori infection is really actual cause of Vitamin B12 deficiency. Material and Methods: We evaluated 40 vitamin B12 deficient patients and 25 healthy subjects. Those patients did not have known cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. We performed endoscopic evaluation and pathological examination for H.pylori. We determined 50% atrophic gastritis in vitamin B12 deficient group, but we did not observe any atrophic gastritis in the control group endoscopically. Results: There were H.pylori positivity in 11/40 (27.5%) in the patients group but 16/25 (64) in the control group in pathological examination (p<0.01). Pathological examination of patient group also illustrated that 11 patients had mild atrophy in 11 (27.5%), 5 had moderate atrophy (12.5%) and 3 patient (7.5%) had severe atrophy. In contrast, 3 patients had only mild atrophy (12%) in the control group. We also found that H.pylori (-) 17/29 (58.6%) patients and H.pylori (+) 3/11 (27.3%) patients had atrophic gastritis in gastroscopic evaluation. Conclusion: Patients who have vitamin B12 deficiency had lower ratio of H.pylori in gastric mucosa. On the other hand, the patient group had higher ratio of atrophic gastritis in pathological and gastroscopic examination. H.pylori positivity had been decreased progressively with aging in patients group. H.pylori has disappeared in following years as a result of atrophy in gastric mucosa. We conluded that atrophic mucosa is not suitable for colonization of H.pylori infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common hereditary autoinflammatory disease. The main goal of our study is to compare sleep habits, depression and anxiety of patients with FMF to healthy children and to determine the influence of disease-related factors on sleep habits and psychiatric symptoms., Method: In total, 323 child and adolescent patients with FMF and 260 healthy peers as a control group were included in this study. Questionnaires were used to evaluate sleep habits, psychological status of children and adolescents with and without FMF., Results: While there was not a significant difference in terms of age, gender, depression and anxiety scores (P > 0.05); patients with FMF had significantly higher total sleeping score (45.69 ± 7.70 vs 43.31 ± 7.77; P = 0.001). Depression and anxiety scores of patients with FMF who have been experiencing sleep problems were found to be dramatically higher compared to those FMF patients without sleep problems (7.70 ± 5.56 vs 4.59 ± 3.97; P = 0.001; 35.46 ± 18.57 vs 25.22 ± 14.12; P = 0.001; respectively). Patients with FMF who had a disease attack last month had remarkably higher depression, anxiety and sleeping scores compared to those who did not. When FMF patients were compared in terms of exertional leg pain, increased acute phase reactant levels, comorbidity and mutation types, there was not a significant difference for depression, anxiety and sleeping scores., Conclusion: Children and adolescents with FMF experience more sleeping problems compared to healthy children and in presence of sleeping disorders, psychiatric symptoms are seen more frequently. Therefore, evaluation of psychopathology is important if youth with FMF have sleep problems., (© 2020 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Concerns regarding the comorbidity as a significant risk factor for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), gave rise to an urgent need for studies evaluating patients with chronic conditions such as autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). We prepared a web-based survey investigating the clinical findings and contact histories among pediatric patients with AIDs. Confirmed COVID-19 cases, patients with contact history and those with symptoms which were highly suggestive of COVID-19 were called via phone or recruited to a video or face to face appointment. Data of AIDs were obtained from their medical records, retrospectively. Laboratory and screening findings were confirmed by our national health registry website. There were 404 patients (217 female) eligible for the enrollment. During pandemic, 375 (93%) were on colchicine treatment and 48 (11.8%) were receiving biologic treatment. Twenty-four out of 404 patients were admitted to hospital due to COVID-19 suspicion. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) was identified through rhinopharyngeal swabs in seven patients, six of whom were only on colchicine treatment. Only one patient with no finding of any severe respiratory complications was hospitalized. All of seven patients recovered completely. Among patients on biologic drugs, neither a symptom nor a positive polymerase chain reaction test for COVID 19 was detected. In conclusion, pediatric patients with AIDs, those receiving biologic treatment and/or colchicine, may not be at increased risk for neither being infected nor the severe disease course.

Background: Ureteral stone disease may be an emergent condition if the appropriate management is not performed in a timely manner. As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread globally, isolation and restriction orders taken by the governments have become the cores to control the pandemic. In this study, we, therefore, aimed to investigate the ureteral stone presentations in a high-volume university hospital during the COVID-19 restriction order period. Materials and Methods: The data of 149 patients who were hospitalized due to ureteral stone both during the COVID-19 pandemic restriction period and the corresponding period (non-COVID-19) of the previous year were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Unpaired Student's t -test was used to compare continuous variables. The categorical data were assessed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Of 149 patients, 35 were hospitalized in the COVID-19 restrictions period. While the mean age and the stone characteristics of the two groups did not differ significantly, serum creatinine levels (1.9 ± 1.85 vs 1.15 ± 0.64) and the white blood cell counts (12.45 ± 6.54 vs 8.21 ± 4.15) at hospital admission were significantly higher in the COVID-19 restrictions group ( p  = 0.034 and p  = 0.005, respectively). According to the priority classification recommendations of the European Urology Guidelines Office Rapid Reaction Group for urolithiasis applicable during the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant difference was observed between the two periods ( X 2  = 9.907, p  = 0.019). In particular, the rate of emergency cases was found more than threefold in the COVID-19 period. Although there was no significant difference in terms of the grade of hydronephrosis at hospital admission between the two groups, the rates of grade 3 and 4 hydronephrosis were higher in the COVID-period group (1.8- and 3.3-fold, respectively). Conclusion: The rate of complicated ureteral stone disease significantly increased during the COVID-19 restrictions period. Urologists should prioritize the patients most in need of urgent care during COVID-19-like biosocial crisis.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is A common periodic fever syndrome. The causative gene of the FMF is named Mediterranean Fever gene (MEFV). Increased inflammation in FMF may play a role as a trigger for the development of some diseases. The objective of the study is to evaluate the frequency of comorbid disorders in children followed up with diagnosis of FMF. Additionally, we aimed to assess the association between FMF and other inflammatory conditions in a large pediatric FMF cohort. A total of 686 FMF patients were included in the cross-sectional study. A questionnaire including questions about characteristics of fever episodes, presence of arthralgia, arthritis, abdominal pain, chest pain during and co-existence of any other disease diagnosed by a physician was filled out by face-to-face interviews with patients or their parents. Female-male ratio was 0.85. Median age at the time of study, age at disease onset and at the time of diagnosis were 12.9 (1.7-22.3), 3 (0.08-17), and 6 (0.75-17) years, respectively. In 130 (18.9%) FMF patients we detected co-existing inflammatory condition. The most common co-existing diseases were: juvenile idiopathic arthritis 42 (6.1%), asthma/reactive airway disease 29 (4.2%), Henoch-Schönlein purpura 20 (2.9%), uveitis 12 (1.7%) and inflammatory bowel disease 10 (1.4%). Except for asthma/reactive airway disease and inflammatory bowel disease, there was no significant difference regarding the type of MEFV gene mutation. We have reported increased frequencies of various inflammatory conditions and decreased frequency of asthma in patients with FMF.

Aim: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a distinctive subtype of JIA characterized by systemic features and poor outcome. We aimed to investigate demographic and clinical features, long-term treatment response and disease complications in a large sJIA cohort., Methods: Patients diagnosed with sJIA followed up at a pediatric rheumatology outpatient department from January 2003 to December 2017 were included. Demographic and clinical features, long-term treatment response and disease complications were retrospectively collected., Results: A total of 168 sJIA patients (51.8% female, 48.2% male) were included: 31.5% with monocyclic, 13.7% polycyclic and 54.8% with persistent clinical course. Corticosteroids were initially used in all patients. Methotrexate was used in 75% and cyclosporine A was used in 17.3% patients. Biological drugs were used in 42.8% patients; etanercept in 29.7%, anakinra in 16%, canakinumab in 16%, tocilizumab in 10% patients. Remission off medication was achieved in 82 (48.8%). Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) was present in 11.9%, growth retardation in 11.3% patients. Eight percent (4/50) of patients had low bone mineral density. Three patients (1.78%) died due to MAS secondary multiorgan insufficiency and infection., Conclusion: The disease is characterized with diverse clinical presentation and possibly severe complications. MAS complicated with multiorgan insufficiency is the major mortality factor. Corticosteroids represent the mainstay of the initial treatment. In patients resistant to classic treatment, biological drugs should be timely introduced., (© 2019 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

The benefits and risks of surgery for splenic hydatid cyst (SHC) remain controversial. We aimed to share our experience about a surgical approach for SHC. Sixteen consecutive patients with SHC disease who underwent open splenectomy at our hospital between January 2006 and July 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. Data on the patients' demographic features, clinical findings, radiological and serological diagnostic methods, and surgical and medicinal treatment options were collected and used to generate descriptive profiles of diagnosis, treatment course, and outcome. The patient population was composed of 6 females and 10 males, with an age range of 18 to 79 years (mean age: 47.0 ± 18.0). Radiological examinations detected hydatid cysts in spleen alone (n = 7) or both spleen and liver (n = 9). Preoperative serological testing identified 13 of the patients as IHA positive. All except 1 patient received a 10- to 21-day preoperative course of albendazole therapy and all patients received vaccination 1 week prior to surgery. Seven patients underwent splenectomy. The remaining patients underwent splenectomy with partial cystectomy and omentopexy (n = 6), partial cystectomy and unroofing (n = 1), pericystectomy (n = 1), or pericystectomy with partial nephrectomy (n = 1). All except one patient received a 10- to 45-day postoperative course of albendazole. No patients developed serious complications or signs of recurrence during the follow-up. The clinical profile of SHC disease at our hospital includes diagnosis by radiological methods, splenectomy treatment by simple or concomitant procedures according to the patient's symptoms, cyst size, number and localization, and compression of adjacent organs, and adjunct vaccination to decrease risk of postoperative septic complications. This profile is associated with low risk of complications and high therapeutic efficacy.

Background: Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD), deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase (DUMPS), complex vertebral malformation (CVM), bovine citrullinaemia (BC) and factor XI deficiency (FXID) are autosomal recessive hereditary disorders, which have had significant economic impact on dairy cattle breeding worldwide. In this study, 350 Holstein cows reared in Turkey were screened for BLAD, DUMPS, CVM, BC and FXID genotypes to obtain an indication on the importance of these defects in Turkish Holsteins., Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from blood and the amplicons of BLAD, DUMPS, CVM, BC and FXID were obtained by using PCR. PCR products were digested with TaqI, AvaI and AvaII restriction enzymes for BLAD, DUMPS, and BC, respectively. These digested products and PCR product of FXID were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide. CVM genotypes were detected by DNA sequencing. Additionally, all genotypes were confirmed by DNA sequencing to determine whether there was a mutant allele or not., Results: Fourteen BLAD, twelve CVM and four FXID carriers were found among the 350 Holstein cows examined, while carriers of DUMPS and BC were not detected. The mutant allele frequencies were calculated as 0.02, 0.017, and 0.006 for BLAD, CVM and FXID, respectively with corresponding carrier prevalence of 4.0% (BLAD), 3.4% (CVM) and 1.2% (FXID)., Conclusion: This study demonstrates that carriers of BLAD, CVM and FXID are present in the Turkish Holstein population, although at a low frequency. The actual number of clinical cases is unknown, but sporadic cases may appear. As artificial insemination is widely used in dairy cattle breeding, carriers of BLAD, CVM and FXID are likely present within the population of breeding sires. It is recommended to screen breeding sires for these defective genes in order to avoid an unwanted spread within the population.

Background: Factor XI (FXI) is a plasma protein that participates in the formation of blood clots. Factor XI deficiency is autosomal recessive hereditary disorder that may be associated with excess bleeding in Holstein cattle., Methods: In this study, 225 Holstein cows reared in Turkey were screened in order to identify FXI genotypes. DNA extractions were obtained from the fresh blood of the cows. Amplicons of FXI exon 12 were obtained by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and analyzed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide. Additionally, all cows were confirmed by DNA sequencing to determine whether or not there was a mutant allele., Results: Carriers of the FXI deficiency have two DNA fragments of 320 bp and 244 bp in size. The results of our study demonstrated that only four out of the 225 Holstein cows tested in Turkey carried the FXI deficiency. The frequency of the mutant FXI allele and the prevalence of heterozygous cows were found as 0.9% and 1.8%, respectively., Conclusion: The DNA-based test determines all genotypes, regardless of phenotype or FXI activity. The mutation responsible for the FXI deficiency had not been detected in Holstein cattle in Turkey before prior to this study. The frequency of the mutant FXI allele needs to be confirmed by carrying out further analyses on cattle in Turkey and the selection programs should be developed to eliminate this genetic disorder.

The genetic diversity of the Turkish native chicken breeds Denizli and Gerze was evaluated with 10 microsatellite markers. We genotyped a total of 125 individuals from five subpopulations. Among loci, the mean number of alleles was 7.5, expected heterozygosity (H (e)) was 0.665, PIC value was 0.610, and Wright's fixation index was 0.301. H (e) was higher in the Denizli breed (0.656) than in the Gerze breed (0.475). The PIC values were 0.599 and 0.426 for Denizli and Gerze, respectively. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using genetic distance and the neighbor-joining method. Its topology reflects the general pattern of genetic differentiation among the Denizli and Gerze breeds. The present study suggests that Denizli and Gerze subpopulations have a rich genetic diversity. The information about Denizli and Gerze breeds estimated by microsatellite analysis may also be useful as an initial guide in defining objectives for designing future investigations of genetic variation and developing conservation strategies.

Objective: The incidence and subsequent outcomes of missed injuries and the primary factors contributing to each missed injury were analyzed., Methods: Records of 709 trauma patients were reviewed between December 2003 and December 2004. Demographic data were compared and analyzed for two patient groups: those with multiple injuries diagnosed in 24 hours and those with multiple injuries diagnosed in >24 hours., Results: Fifty-two missed injuries were determined in 34 (4.8%) patients. There were significant differences between the patients with and without delayed diagnoses, including the mean injury severity scores (23 vs. 16.9), morbidity, and mortality (p < 0.05 for all). Among 69 contributing factors identified, 28 (40.6%) were unavoidable and 41 (59.4%) were potentially avoidable., Conclusions: Missed injuries could usually be encountered in the most seriously injured patients, particularly in those with altered levels of consciousness. Missed injuries were mostly avoidable and most were the result of inadequate clinical examination.

Objectives: Open reduction through a medial approach for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip has been advocated in children younger than 18 months of age. In this study, we evaluated the results of this technique in children above 18 months of age., Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 34 hips (22 patients; 16 girls, 6 boys) was made, whose treatment was performed using open reduction through a medial approach between 1987 and 1997. Only typical dislocations were included. The ages of the patients at the time of surgery were either 18 months or above (mean age 23.7 months; range 18 to 54 months). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were made according to the modified McKay and Severin's criteria, respectively. The hips in which avascular necrosis developed were evaluated according to the Bucholz-Ogden classification. The mean follow-up was 10 years (range 5 to 14 years)., Results: Secondary interventions were required in 24 hips (70.6%). Avascular necrosis developed in nine hips (26.5%). Final clinical results, together with secondary procedures, were excellent in 18 hips (52.9%), good in 10 hips (29.4%), moderate in four hips (11.8%), and poor in two hips (5.9%). Radiographically, there were six hips in Severin class I (17.7%), 11 hips (32.4%) in class II, 10 hips (29.4%) in class III, six hips (17.7%) in class IV, and one hip (2.9%) in class V., Conclusion: These data show that, because of high rates of secondary interventions and ensuing avascular necrosis, open reduction through a medial approach cannot be considered to be successful for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children above 18 months of age.