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Background and Design: Post-adolescent acne has been defined as acne that persists or whose onset starts beyond the age of 25 years. The presence of hyperandrogenemia, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), dyslipidemia, and insulin sensitivity play a role in etiopathogenesis of post-adolescent acne in women as shown in previous studies. This study was conducted to investigate these relationships. Materials and Methods: We included 45 female patients with post-adolescent acne and 30 age, sex, and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Demographic characteristics, clinical signs of hyperandrogenemia, pelvic ultrasound scan, and hormonal assessment including the [total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2)] and fasting plasma glucose, and insulin and lipid levels were recorded. Results: Woman with post-adolescent acne had the marked presence of menstrual abnormalities (37.7%), hirsutism (13.3%), androgenetic alopecia (11.1%), metabolic syndrome (MS) (32.4%), and PCOS (22.2%). Pelvic ultrasound scans showed that 17.8% of the patients had polycystic ovaries. In addition, the percentage of current smokers was significantly higher in the patient group than the controls (p=0.001). TT and LH were significantly higher in post-adolescent acne patients than the controls (p=0.048, and p=0.012, respectively). No significant differences were observed between patients and controls in terms of SHBG, DHEAS, FSH, PRL, E2, and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. No correlations were observed between these parameters and the severity of acne. Conclusion: Although laboratory hormonal assessment showed no significant difference, post-adolescent acne patients had marked menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovaries, androgenetic alopecia, hirsutism, and MS. However, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia may not play a major role in the pathogenesis of post-adolescent female acne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eighty-four subjects, premenopausal female patients (n = 42, mean (SD) age: 26.4 (4.2) years) diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and age-matched healthy volunteers (n = 42, mean (SD) age: 27.6(3.4) years), were included in this study. Data on physical examination, anthropometric measurements and blood biochemistry analysis were recorded for each subject along with analysis for SOCS1-1478 CA/del polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The relation of SOCS1-1478 CA/del polymorphism to PCOS status and insulin resistance was analysed via logistic regression analysis. Mean (SD) levels for BMI (28.5(6.5) vs.22.5 (4.9) kg/m2, p < .001), HOMA-IR (3.1(1.8) vs.1.5 (1.0), p < .001), LDL-cholesterol (115.9(32.7) vs.100.7 (27.3)mg/dL, p = .03) and triglyceride (113.8(64.9) vs.83.3(36.3)mg/dL, p = .017) were significantly higher in patients. Groups were similar in terms of SOCS1-1478 CA/del polymorphism. No significant relation of this polymorphism was noted to PCOS and HOMA-IR. Our findings revealed no difference between groups in terms of the rate of SOCS1-1478 CA/del polymorphism, and no significant relation of this polymorphism to insulin resistance and PCOS status. Impact statement Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common cause of anovulation and the most commonly encountered form of female endocrine disease. SOCS proteins have been suggested to play a fundamental role in the negative feedback regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway, which is the major signalling pathway involved in a wide range of physiologic and pathologic processes, including inflammatory diseases, malignancies and immune disorders. Pathways involving the induction of suppression of SOCS proteins were also shown likely to be involved in mediating cytokine-induced insulin resistance. The present study was designed to determine the frequency of SOCS1-1478 CA/del gene polymorphism in patients with PCOS in relation to healthy controls and insulin resistance. Our findings revealed significantly higher rates of insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidaemia in Turkish patients with PCOS compared with age-matched healthy controls, while no difference between study groups in terms of the rate of SOCS1-1478 CA/del polymorphism along with no significant relation of SOCS1-1478 CA/del polymorphism to insulin resistance and PCOS status. Future larger scale studies with the application of standardised diagnostic methods and criteria, and of state-of-the-art modern techniques including genomics, proteomics and pharmacogenetics would provide better understanding of the association between PCOS and genomic variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It can affect various organ systems, and respiratory mucosa has been reported as being hormone responsive.Study Design: A case-control study consisting of 50 women with PCOS and 30 control subjects matched for age and body mass index was conducted, in order to investigate nasal mucociliary clearance time (NMCT) in patients with PCOS. Serum basal hormonal-biochemical parameters and NMCT were evaluated on menstrual cycle days 2-5 for all participants.Results: The mean NMCT in PCOS and control groups was 10.45±2.88 and 6.92±1.78, respectively (p=0.0001). A significant positive correlation was found between NMCT and duration of disease (r=0.52; p=0.001), serum total testosterone level (r=0.28; p=0.04), and luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (r=0.29; p=0.04).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that PCOS is associated with altered NMCT. Prolonged NMCT predisposes patients to respiratory tract and middle ear infections, and clinicians should be aware of this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the external genital features in Turkish women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Thirty-two newly diagnosed PCOS cases and 35 healthy women were included the study. All women underwent a thorough gynaecological examination. Clitoral length, and labia minora length and width were recorded. The groups were compared for features of external genital structures. Clitoral and labial lengths were significantly higher in PCOS group. There was a strong correlation between clitoral length and modified Ferriman–Gallwey score. The most effective predictor of PCOS was found to be clitoral length. Clitoral length alone predicted 99.9% of PCOS patients. There were some subclinical genital changes in women with PCOS. These changes in PCOS patients may be a sign of hyperandrogenism and might have diagnostic value in indistinct cases. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Objective(s): To evaluate selenium (Se) levels in serum and their relation with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance (IR) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in control subjects. Study design: Women with any gynecological problem who presented to the Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University Medical Faculty Gynecology and Obstetric Outpatient Clinic were invited to participate. Group 1 consisted of 36 cases with a diagnosis of PCOS according to the 2003 Rotterdam Consensus Criteria, and Group 2 (control group) consisted of 33 age- and BMI-matched healthy women. In all cases, serum total testosterone (tT), dihydroepiandrostenedione-sulfate (DHEAS), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), insulin, glucose (mg/dL), total cholesterol (TC) (mg/dL), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (mg/dL), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (mg/dL), triglyceride (TG) (mg/dL) and Se levels were measured. Results: The level of FSH was significantly lower, and the levels of LH, E2, tT, and DHEAS were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (p <0.05). The hirsutism score was significantly higher among PCOS women compared to the control group (p <0.05). Although insulin levels and HOMA-IR were markedly increased in the PCOS group compared to the control group, the differences were not significant (p >0.05). The plasma Se level was significantly lower in PCOS women compared to the control group (p <0.05). When we combined the all women in two groups, regarding them as one group (combined group, n =69), a negative correlation between Se and LH and tT was present (p <0.05). Conclusion(s): Our results show decreased plasma concentrations of Se and a negative correlation between Se and LH, tT in women with PCOS. These results indicate that Se may play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS related with hyperandrogenism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The prevalence of non-classic adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) among Turkish women with hirsutism has not been established so far. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency by ACTH stimulation test among hirsute women. The study population consisted of 285 premenopousal women, aged 16–46 years (mean: 23.2 ± 0.3). All were hirsute and hyperandrogenic. Androgen secreting tumors of the ovaries and the adrenal glands were excluded as well as thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia. All the patients were evaluated by 0.25 mg (i.v.) ACTH stimulation test and 17-OHP responses were obtained at 30 and 60 min. The diagnosis of NCAH due to 21-OH deficiency was considered in patients with the poststimulation 17-OHP level exceed 10 ng/ml. Six (2.1%) of the patients had NCAH due to 21-OH deficiency confirmed by genotyping. The rest of the patients were polycystic ovary syndrome ( n = 166, 58.2%) and idiopathic hyperandrogenemia ( n = 113, 39.7%). There were no patients with idiopathic hirsutism because patients with normal serum androgen levels were excluded. This first and most extensive national study investigating NCAH prevalence among Turkish population showed that NCAH is not prevalent in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myonectin is a myokine involving in glucose and lipid metabolisms. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic and reproductive disorder associated with insulin resistance. Our aims were to discover whether myonectin levels were altered in PCOS women comparing to controls and to determine the link of myonectin with hormonal-metabolic parameters in PCOS women. The current research was designed as a case-control study. Seventy-two subjects with PCOS and 72 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched subjects as controls were enrolled into the study. Circulating myonectin levels were measured by ELISA. Myonectin levels were significantly lower in PCOS subjects compared to controls (6.77 ± 1.96 vs. 9.14 ± 2.87 ng/ml, p < .001). Myonectin exhibited an inverse association with BMI, insulin resistance, free androgen index (FAI) and triglycerides whereas it showed a positive association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in women with PCOS. Logistic regression analysis revealed that decreased myonectin levels were parallel with increased probability of having PCOS risk. Decreased myonectin levels were associated with metabolic and hormonal disturbances in PCOS women, suggesting that myonectin may play a role in pathophysiology of PCOS.

Data on eating disorders in women with PCOS is insufficient. The objective of this case study was to examine the hypothesis that women with PCOS exhibit more impaired eating than healthy women. Women diagnosed with PCOS under the 2003 Rotterdam Diagnostic Criteria ( n  = 40) were compared with a healthy control group ( n  = 40). The groups also were divided into two as normal body weight and overweight/obese. The Eating Disorders Assessment Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), were completed by all participants in order to evaluate eating behaviors in addition to eating disorders. Among the overweight/obese group, the average total and subscale scores of the EDE-Q as well as the total and sub-factor scores of the TFEQ-R21 were higher in women with PCOS compared to controls ( p  < .05). However, this statistically significant result was not shown among the women with normal weight ( p  > .05). In comparison to the controls, the PCOS women displayed higher values of the tool scores indicating abnormal restraint eating, body shape concern and weight concern subscale scores ( p  < .05). This result suggests that the evaluation of eating disorders should be added to routine screening and the monitoring of women with PCOS.