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The use of science fiction can be a valuable tool for constructing a highly mental schema in a learner on which to build new learning, to stimulate creative problem solving, and to generate the flexibility needed for adjusting to a rapidly changing, progressively technological society. By using science fiction in a science class, a science teacher can focus on the science concepts around which the story is built. Identified from the reading, English, and social studies educational research literature are effective strategies for teaching concepts through reading, motivating children to read, examining values and social issues, and methods used specifically for teaching science concepts. Problems inherent in the use of literature in the classroom are examined and recommendations for solutions offered. A science fiction book list for use in the junior and high school classroom is appended. (KR)