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Ukraine has the status of a candidate country for joining the European Union according to the decision of the European Council. The process of harmonization of accounting of small enterprises in Ukraine takes place by approaching European directives and international standards of conducting business activities in order to reliably provide information needs. Currently, it is important to study the state and development of small enterprises as a driving force in the formation of market relations, and stable and dynamic development of the country's economy. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the taxation system and its reflection in the accounting policy of small enterprises on the example of small enterprises of the Volyn region. The role and significance of the accounting policy was evaluated and its regulatory and legal regulation was analyzed; a description of the current system of taxation of small enterprises and its reflection in the composition of the accounting policy is given; problematic issues of the taxation system of small enterprises are identified. It was determined that the accounting policy provides a set of methods and procedures for organizing and keeping records and reporting, which were chosen based on the established requirements and specifics of the activities of small enterprises. Organizational aspects of the formation of the accounting policy regarding the choice of the taxation system are proposed. The levels of regulation in the formation of accounting policy are characterized (international, interstate, national, branch and local). The experience of the leading countries of the European Union regarding taxation of small business is analyzed. Today, there are ongoing discussions regarding the abolition of the simplified taxation system, because it is an important tool for tax evasion. In this regard, every year the state does not receive the full amount of tax revenues in the consolidated budget of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is the substantiation of the need to synchronize the depreciation methodology in accordance with the rate of change of technology in different industries. When studying the compliance of the depreciation methodology with the pace of scientific and technological progress, the statistical data of the World Bank from the period of 2014 to 2019 were analyzed. To study the opinion of economists, accountants, and engineers on the adaptation of the Hulten-Wykoff method with Nomura’s improvements to the practice of depreciation in Ukraine from 2017 to 2019, a survey of the employees of the technical and accounting services of 2500 enterprises across the industries of agriculture (32% of enterprises), transport (34% of enterprises), industry (27% of enterprises), and trade (7% of enterprises) was conducted. To adapt the model for determining the life cycle of fixed assets in Ukraine, the method of dynamic programming using the Bellman optimality criterion was used. The modeling of the duration of the asset life cycle was carried out, which revealed discrepancies with the normative value in accordance with the Tax Code of Ukraine not only based on the types of assets but also depending on the field of their application. A dynamic approach to determining the life cycle of an asset with adjustments to the probability coefficient of technological change in a particular industry is proposed. The use of a sectoral approach allows for the objective assessment of the financial result of the use of fixed assets and the comprehensive assessment of the need for their renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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