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Social interaction can make a great impact on a person's memory. This property can have positive and negative effects, as it helps to expand the possibilities of memorization as well as causes the distortion of real memories. In this regard, the authors aimed to explore the features of collective memory and identify possible consequences of manipulative influence on memories. The participants of the experiment were divided into one control and two experimental groups. In the experimental groups, the manipulative teacher intervention was used in two variants of expression: optimistically carefree or anxious-pessimistic. The control group received a neutral version of the instructions. Participants wrote an essay on memory about their experience of quarantine related to the spread of coronavirus in Ukraine. It was found that manipulations affect even recent memories. The manipulations also affected the respondents' assessment of the possible future to a greater extent than Their memories of the past. It has been proven that manipulative influence on the memories of socially significant events significantly affects the individual diversity of memories reducing them to a given template. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The imperfect nature of human memory and its integration into social interaction causes the urgency of the topic. The purpose of the study is to identify the effects of manipulation on students' memories of socially significant events. The article contains theoretical substantiation of the problem of collective memory that serves the current interests of certain social groups. The embedding of individual memory in a public context can have either a positive effect, expanding memorization opportunities, or a negative effect, distorting real memories and leading to errors. The effects of mnemonic convergence in the process of social interaction are described. The formation of a "common past" is an important resource of collective identity, enhancing the adaptive potential of an individual as well as social cohesion. A pilot study was conducted in two experimental samples and a control group involving 123 participants. Students wrote a free narrative memory about their own experiences of quarantine caused by the spread of coronavirus in Ukraine during March-May 2020 (the survey took place in June 2020). In experimental groups, the survey was preceded by a manipulative teacher's intervention - a falsified idea of the past events, which had two options of manifestation: optimistic and carefree or anxious and pessimistic. The control group was exposed to a neutral version of the instruction. While processing the data of the written assignments, the meaningful aspects were recorded, which corresponded to the nature of the intervention. The results showed that memories of the past and perceptions of the future in experimental groups corresponded to previous manipulative impacts. The analysis of the current situation was determined not by the emotional evaluation of the situation (positive or negative), but rather by the general attitude regarding its significance. A generalized description of the quarantine's consequences on students' life situations is given. The findings of the present study explain the impact of perceptions of the past on the interpretation of the future. It is proved that the manipulative influence on the memory of socially significant events has a reliable effect on individual diversity of memories, reducing them to a template provided from outside. The perspective of future studies concerning the impact of group cohesion on the social mediation of mnemonic processes is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative methodology was used to investigate the intergenerational impact of the 1932–1933 Holodomor genocide on three generations in 15 Ukrainian families. Each family, residing in Ukraine, consisted of a first generation survivor, a second generation adult child and a third generation adult grandchild of the same line. The findings show that the Holodomor, a genocide that claimed millions of lives by forced starvation, still exerts substantial effects on generations born decades later. Specifically, thematic analysis of the 45 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, done between July and November 2010, revealed that a constellation of emotions, inner states and trauma-based coping strategies emerged in the survivors during the genocide period and were subsequently transmitted into the second and third generations. This constellation, summarized by participants as living in “survival mode,” included horror, fear, mistrust, sadness, shame, anger, stress and anxiety, decreased self-worth, stockpiling of food, reverence for food, overemphasis on food and overeating, inability to discard unneeded items, an indifference toward others, social hostility and risky health behaviours. Since both the family and community-society were found to be involved in trauma transmission, the findings highlight the importance of multi-framework approaches for studying and healing collective trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]