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The article is aimed at the studies of the assessment practices currently applied in translation training at Ukrainian universities in the context of cutting-edge trends and dispositions in translator's education observed worldwide. They include the synergism of both evaluative and formative assessment, the extensive use of diverse assessment methods and tools, including alternative ones, the rational involvement of self- and peer-assessment procedures. Method: A mixed research method was designed and employed with that end in view. It involved 41 translation teachers from 16 Ukrainian universities, who were asked to answer an online survey of 30 close and open-ended questions regarding their background, attitude to assessment and its different aspects such as functions, procedures and tools used for different types of tests in translation, assessment objects and agents, grading methods and associated problems. The obtained results were processed with the help of statistical methods and contrasted with the data received by relevant studies conducted abroad within the last twenty years. Findings: The findings of this research allowed us to compile the aggregated profile of Ukrainian translation teachers in terms of assessment practice, define the most common ways to conduct monitoring, borderline and summative assessment in teaching translation to undergraduate students in Ukraine, and claim that the teachers' subjective evaluation of translation assessment efficiency depends on their teaching experience. Implications for research and practice: The obtained results should boost further theoretical and practical development in the field of translation assessment as well as in the area of translation teachers' training.

Feedback as the key component of formative assessment was studied extensively in the context of the acquisition of the foreign language productive skills by different categories of learners. Similarly, this paper aimed at the investigation of the optimal design of the feedback loop in teaching translation to undergraduate students. A mixed-methods research involved 40 sophomores of Poltava University of Economics and Trade and was conducted during 2018--2019 academic year. It examined the efficacy of four feedback response types from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Sample Group 1 had to study the received teacher feedback arbitrarily and consider it, while working on their further translations. Sample Group 2 was required to prepare a written free-form self-reflection report on the teacher feedback. Sample Group 3 was supposed to resubmit their corrected translations to the teacher. Finally, Sample Group 4 had to accompany their self-reflection reports with the corrected translations. The obtained data showed statistically significant difference between the acquired levels of the translation skills by the students of the four sample groups. The highest results were achieved due to the combination of self-reflection reports and translation correction. The questionnaire on the students' attitude to these practices proved the received statistical data.

Purpose: The article strives for the enhancement of the efficiency of translation competence assessment in philologists' university training with the help of the triangulation method. It is deemed in the concurrent involvement of different assessment agents (teacher, peer and self) into integrated and collaborative translation performance evaluation from two perspectives, i.e. translation product quality and process workflow, with the use of diversified methods based on different theoretical approaches. This research aims at the study of students' video screen recording contribution combined with think-aloud protocols (TAPs) to increase the assessment objectivity and reliability of the received translation product. Method: A mixed research design was developed and implemented. It involved 40 third-year university students majoring in Philology, who were asked to perform a written translation of the excerpt of English popular science article in Marketing (c. 250 words) into Ukrainian in MS Word using any reference sources at hand, video record the process of their translation and accompany it with their comments. The research was completed with the questionnaire on students' attitude to the screen recording and TAP involvement into translation task performance and assessment. Findings: The findings of this study reported on the positive impact of screen recording on the assessment accuracy, informative value of the collected data and formative effect of triangulated assessment method on students' translation competence acquisition. Implications for research and practice: The received results can serve for the optimisation of the procedures of translation task difficulty measurement and competence assessment in the translation classroom.

Due to the complex and integrative nature of translation competence construct, its free of subjectivity assessment is considered quite a challenging task for modern translation pedagogy. The conducted literature review revealed diverse directions and opportunities to raise translation competence assessment objectivity. In this key, there is a need for the further studies focused on the designing and implementing of objective translation tests. Thus, the given paper aims at the development and verification of objective multiple-choice computerised test in Translation for the Financial Sector, which combines key-based grading procedures and involves latent translation phase encouraging students to translate with the use of particular translation transformations engaging proper psychophysiological mechanisms in order to respond the item adequately. This study has a mixed research design and involves the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the developed test performance and comments on it, as well as word dictation, translation declarative knowledge test and subjective translation exam test results of 82 third-year students of Poltava University of Economics and Trade received during 2017-2020 academic years. The findings of this study reported on steady correlation of the results of the developed objective translation test with the subjective exam ones (0.992). This fact gives reason to recommend its application as a supplementary translation competence assessment tool contributing to the assessment objectivity. Further investigation should be directed to the determination of the functions and place of the developed objective test in the integrated system of translation competence assessment.

Purpose. To study the safety and effectiveness of subthreshold micropulse (SML) 577 nm laser therapy with an individual power titration in treating patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods. The study was a prospective, single‐centre observation of 30 patients (30 eyes) with chronic CSC. All patients with chronic CSC were treated with a 577 nm micropulse laser. Individual power parameters for each patient were titrated in a micropulse mode. The primary outcome measure was best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6‐month follow‐up. The secondary outcome measures were as follows: central retinal thickness (CRT) and maximum subretinal fluid height (SRFH) according to optical coherence tomography, number of laser sessions, and treatment safety at 6‐month follow‐up. Results. Before treatment, the mean BCVA was 0.35 ± 0.16, the mean CRT was 285 ± 76 µm, and the mean SRFH was 311 ± 85 µm. Six months after 577 nm SML therapy, there was a statistically significant increase in the mean BCVA with the maximum correction to 0.45 ± 0.15 (p = 0.001). The mean CRT and SRFH decreased significantly to 236 ± 45 μm (p = 0.003) and 45 ± 25 μm (p = 0.001), respectively. At the end of the follow‐up, complete resorption of the subretinal fluid was noted in 50% (15 eyes), and in 43% (13 eyes), a decrease in the SRFH was observed. During the entire observation period, 25 patients underwent 1 session of 577 nm SML therapy, 2 patients underwent 2 sessions, and 3 patients underwent the intervention three times. Conclusion. SML 577 nm therapy with individual selection of laser power in a micropulse mode is a safe and effective method of treating patients with chronic CSC. Further studies are needed to test the long‐term safety and efficacy of 577 nm SML therapy with individual power settings in chronic CSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper, a statistical analysis of the type and seasonality of arrivals to the former Residence of the Bukovina Metropolitans in Chernivtsi (Ukraine) was carried out. Based on a time series for 2000-2023, types were considered according to such categories as adults, pupils/students and domestic visitors or inbound tourists by country of origin. Each of them was considered over the time series. The results of the analysis allow us to establish the effects of the factors influencing tourist flows on 'calm' Chernivtsi in a country at war. Thus, it is possible to see nuances to the influence of threats and dangers on domestic and inbound tourism in Ukraine. The analysis of seasonality, thanks to the location in the mid-latitudes, has made it possible to establish the influence of climate on the distribution of tourism throughout the year. The UNESCO status of the former Residence of the Bukovina Metropolitans increases the value of the research not only due to the analysis, but also due to the primary data to which the authors had exclusive access, as university teachers located on the site. This research paper is a follow-up to that presented in "Methodical approaches and statistical analysis of tourist arrivals to centers of sightseeing tourism (based on the example of Chernivtsi, Ukraine)" (Korol, Krul, Zayachuk & Kostash, 2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the problem of compartment syndrome remains relevant due to military actions in Ukraine. The pathogenesis of this syndrome lies in the increase of subfascial pressure in the osteofascial compartment, which disrupts innervation and blood supply. Along with this, muscle swelling of up to 30-50% occurs, causing additional pressure and complications. Compartment syndrome in the case of firearm injuries of the limbs occurs in 55.0% - fractures of the tibia, 39.0% - femur, 3.4% - forearm, 3.4% - foot bones. Since the beginning of the war in the east in 2014, the frequency of firearm injuries to the limbs has been 65.0% compared to torso injuries up to 20%. Delayed diagnosis or treatment of compartment syndrome can lead to disability, as irreversible nerve damage and muscle atrophy occur, with a mortality rate of about 50%. Also, with untimely assistance, the frequency of limb amputations is about half of the cases. The main and effective method of treatment is fasciotomy, but it also has certain complications with incorrect or delayed treatment. For example, the execution of fasciotomy with violations: 31.0% - fasciotomy of only one compartment of the affected segment, 27.0% - fasciotomy that did not have a decompressive effect, and others. To reduce complications including the formation of ischemic contracture (acute period - reactive-restored, residual period); neurodystrophic disorders; pseudarthrosis, osteomyelitis; delayed fracture consolidation, formation of pseudoarthrosis; patient death, timely diagnosis of compartment syndrome using magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, etc., is necessary. In our study, 3 clinical cases of compartment syndrome of the limbs with successfully performed fasciotomy are presented. As a result, patients have a positive prognosis due to timely diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current glocalisation processes require the identification of priority areas for Ukraine's further integration into the international economy. The right choice of direction, tools and forms of implementation allows the government to determine, justify and implement a competitive strategy for the country. The study aimed to determine the relationship between international economic integration and Ukraine's global competitive power. Identifying Ukraine's sectoral comparative advantages in trade with the EU and evaluating the index of the regional orientation of Ukraine for specific groups of goods and services made it possible to define the effects of economic collaboration with the European region. The assessment of the complementarity index of Ukrainian-European trade relations revealed that Ukraine and the European Union are main trading partners. Furthermore, the analysis of the mechanism of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union proved that the agreement actively contributes to the growth of Ukraine's global competitive power. Comparative analysis in historical retrospect revealed priority areas for improving the integration processes which help to form the main competitive advantages of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The security and defense forces are the main instrument of the state for countering the armed aggression of the Russian Federation and ensuring the defense of Ukraine, protecting the safety of the population and the interests of the state. Taking into account the powers assigned to the Security Service of Ukraine (SSU), in various crisis situa)tions, the domestic special service performs tasks both as part of the security forces and as part of the defense forces, which in modern conditions requires the improvement of the system of training personnel for the SSU. In the conditions of the modernization of the educational process in the preparation of standards for the training of specialists, taking into account the experience of training military personnel of NATO member countries, the task of determining the professional competences of graduates of higher education institutions of the SSU, which will allow them to successfully perform operational and combat tasks in practical units, becomes especially appropriate. As a result of the study, the procedure for forming a state order for the training of specialists for the SSU and qualification requirements for a future employee was formalized. The modern possibilities of e-education in the formation of innovative higher education in)stitutions are outlined. When organizing the educational activities of the SSU institution of higher education, the use of the corporate information and educational system and ways to increase the level of security of its information re)sources in the conditions of potential and prospective threats to cyber security are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuestiones Políticas is the property of Revista Cuestiones Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the analysis of the banking system of Ukraine. It is shown that for Ukraine the frequency and depth of crisis phenomena in the banking sector are exacerbated by the raw material orientation of the economy, underdeveloped domestic market and the circulation of foreign currency (dollarization of the economy). It should be noted that in the pre-crisis during 2006-2007, excessive mortgage lending created a "bubble" in the real estate market, which, comparing its devastating effects, corresponded to this phenomenon in the real estate market in the United States. Although the crisis of 2008- 2009 demonstrated the vulnerability of the Ukrainian banking system to numerous economic and political upheavals, no significant changes in banking supervision took place to minimize systemic risks. Restoration of the banking system of Ukraine in 2015-2016 is generally in line with post-crisis trends to streamline the banking system and increase its efficiency in the world. At the same time, the weakness of the institutional environment makes it impossible to use both administrative tools and state development banks to increase productive lending in Ukraine. On the other hand, commercial banks will use refinancing loans instead of private-sector savings to lend. In this case, the probability of the need for financial support from banks increases, which will lead to a significant increase in public debt. Moreover, a system of vector autoregression models has been developed to research the impact of crisis periods on the performance of commercial banks in Ukraine. The simulation results (mainly the analysis of impulse response functions) allow concluding that interbank lending in post-crisis conditions recovers relatively rapidly (with a lag of two years). Lending to non-financial corporations and non-residents showed a decline and recovery only within four years after the crisis. Lending to the general government sector is growing every year, but at the same time loans to other resident sectors are declining. In addition, during the year after the crisis, the volume of deposits in the banking system is demonstrating a decrease. Other variables do not show any response to the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to define methodological approaches and methods of statistical analysis of arrivals to the centers of excursion tourism. In destinations with highly appealing attractions or objects, accurately accounting for the number of tourists visiting them is crucial. In Chernivtsi, such an attraction or object is the former Residence of the Bukovinian Metropolitans, a UNESCO monument. The statistical analysis traces the dynamics of the number of excursion visitors to the former Residence. It identifies the factors that influenced it, including the inclusion of the site in the UNESCO list, Russian aggression since 2014, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the statistical reporting data analysis of the Historical and Architectural Museum Complex of Chernivtsi National University, three periods of excursion activity from 2000-2021 were identified. The first period (2000-2017) is characterized by rapid growth due to the inclusion of the former Residence in UNESCO. The second period (2017-2019) is a period of stagnation of excursion activity with minor fluctuations. The hypothesis and data analysis confirmed the thesis that the occupation of Crimea by Russia had an impact on the redistribution of tourist flows, particularly during the May holidays, within Ukraine, specifically in Chernivtsi. The third period (2019-2020), characterized by a sharp decline followed by the same dynamic growth (2020-2021), was caused by a force majeure event of global proportions - the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ukraine, the tourism and recreation industry is widespread. These are mostly resort complexes with health boarding houses, hotels and restaurants. However, in Ukraine, the issue of solid household waste processing and active landfills, located near recreation facilities, is practically not addressed. Undoubtedly, this situation has a negative effect on the processes of recovery, because, as is known, landfills are depositing dangerous substances and compounds, which, due to geochemical flows, get into all components of the environment, which seem to be clean. The aim of this investigation is to determine the heavy metals content in the vegetation of a landfill near a places for recreation. The object of present research is the analysis of heavy metals content in the roots of trees on the Bronytsya landfill, located within the tourist and recreational complex of the Lviv region of Ukraine. It was established that tree roots are contaminated with Pb components and partially with Cd and Co components. Among the toxic chemicals, we can highlight the presence of Pb with a significant difference on the eastern side of the landfill in samples of Acer negundo L. (4 times higher than the MAC) and Populus nigra L. (7.1 times higher than the MAC), on the southern side -- Fagus sylvatica L (1.1 times higher than the MAC) and Malus sylvestris Mill. (7 times higher than the MAC), on the west side -- Salix cinerea L. (2.5 times higher than the MAC) and Carpinus betulus L. (6 times higher than the MAC), on the northern side of the landfill -- Malus sylvestris Mill (2.5 times higher than the MAC) and Prunus spinosa L. (3 times higher than the MAC) and in the central part -- Populus nigra L. (1.5 times higher than the MAC) and Salix alba L. (2 times higher than the MAC) in accordance with other samples on the investigated object. Cd exceeds the allowable concentration from the south side in Fagus sylvatica L. (1 times higher than the MAC) and Malus sylvestris Mill. (2 times higher than the MAC), from the west side in the root of Carpinus betulus L. (1 times higher than the MAC), from the center of the Salix alba L. (8 times higher than the MAC), from the south side of Malus sylvestris Mill. (11 times higher than the MAC), and on the eastern side Acer negundo L. (4 times higher than the MAC) and Populus nigra L. (8 times higher than the MAC). The content of Co was higher in the roots of trees from the west side of Salix cinerea L. (1 times higher than the MAC), from the west side of Carpinus betulus L. (1.7 times higher than the MAC), from the south side -- Malus sylvestris Mill. (2 times higher than the MAC), and on the eastern side -- Populus nigra L. (2 times higher than the MAC). An excess of Cu content was recorded on the western side of the landfill in the root of Carpinus betulus L. (1 times higher than the MAC). The determination of the chemical content in the roots of trees is important because it is possible to define the pollution rate of the environment in the health resort regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism industry is concentrated within the boundaries of the Subcarpathia Forestry District of Ukraine. These are mostly resort complexes with recreation houses, hotels and restaurants. Since the issue of solid household waste processing has not been resolved in Ukraine, landfills are emerging near recreation facilities. Undoubtedly, such a situation contradicts the improvement processes, because landfills are objects of detonation of dangerous substances and compounds infiltrating into all components of the environment due to geochemical flows. The object of the conducted research was determination of chemical elements in the newly formed substrates on the surface of the following landfills, i.e. Bronytskyi, Stryiskyi, Boryslavskyi, which are located not far from the border with Poland within the tourist and recreational complex of the Lviv region of Ukraine, geographically belonging to the Subcarpathia Forestry District of Ukraine. It was established that the chemical elements of the toxic group and biogenic elements accumulate. The traces of individual elements were also determined. The Bronytskyi landfill is the most polluted with the following chemical elements: Pb (3.56-4.06 mg/kg), Zn (2.84-3.67 mg/kg), Gd (0.021-0.033 mg/kg), P (457.3-609.7 mg/kg), K (9.7-14.6 mg/kg), Ca (174.7-237.7 mg/kg), Ga (3.58-5,98 mg/kg), La (1.09-1.24 mg/kg), Y (0.013-0.014 mg/kg), Cd (0.15-0.176 mg/kg), Sn (0.013-0.018 mg/kg), Nd (0.029-0.046 mg/kg), Eu (0.022-0.036 mg/kg) and Th (0.05-0.078 mg/kg). The site of the Boryslav landfill is most polluted in the western side - Fe (16.06-19.72 mg/kg), Cu (0.37-0.43 mg/kg), Gd (0.003 mg/kg), Si (43-58.2 mg/kg), P (782.4-995.5 mg/kg), Ca (88.6-104.7 mg/kg), Mn (1.7-2.7 mg/kg), Sc (0.009 mg/kg), Cr (1.069-1.255 mg/kg), Y (0.015-0.016 mg/kg), Nd (0.016-0.018 mg/kg). In the eastern side of the Stryi landfill the presence of the following elements is most evident - Fe (18.98-27.97 mg/kg), Ni (0.09-0.21 mg/kg), Zn (0.14-0.19 mg/kg), Pb (0.05-0.1 mg/kg), Al (1.6-2.0 mg/kg), P (718.1-652.5 mg/kg), Mn (2.5-3.5 mg/kg), Ga (0.01 mg/kg), La (0.02-0.04 mg/kg), Cr (0.009-0.013 mg/kg), Ge (0.214-0.551 mg/ kg), Cd (0.014-0.02 mg/kg), Nd (0.017-0.037 mg/kg), Th (0.009-0.016 mg/kg). Such a detailed chemical analysis for the presented research objects was carried out for the first time. Determining of the chemical content of the newly formed substrate is important from the point of view of environmental protection solutions implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present review, we summarised the information on helminths of 14 species of wild carnivorans (a total of 260 individuals examined) from Ukraine based on an investigation of collection materials. Additionally, helminths of the domestic dog, Canis familiaris L. (n = 73) and domestic cat, Felis catus L. (n = 11) were reviewed. Helminth species and main helminth taxa (Cestoda, Trematoda, and Nematoda) were classified according to their occurrence (prevalence of infection). Helminth fauna composition and structure in host families Canidae, Felidae, and Mustelidae and in separate host species were analysed. Sixty helminth species were found in wild carnivorans in Ukraine, including 18 species of cestodes, 11 species of trematodes, and 31 species of nematodes. In wild Canidae, 45 helminth species were recorded. Nematodes were a predominating group of helminths in the red fox, Vulpes vulpes L., cestodes predominated in the wolf, Canis lupus L., and trematodes occurred more often in the raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray. Mustelidae (40 specimens of 8 species) harboured 25 helminth species; nematodes predominated by their occurrence and number of species. In the American mink, Neovizon vison Brisson, however, trematodes appeared to be the predominating group of helminths. The wolf, the red fox, and the domestic dog showed maximum similarity in the helminth fauna composition. A rather high similarity was observed between the helminth faunae of the raccoon dog and the American mink (IS = 0.42), both hosts being introduced species in the fauna of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research was to assess changes in the lactation activity of cows and their impact on the level of reproduction, as well as to study their fluctuations with respect to genetic and environmental factors. A sample of 807 cows of various ages was formed for the study. The cows were kept on a commercial farm in Kharkiv region, Ukraine. Data from DairyPlan C21 software were used in the study. It was revealed that the parameters of the Wood lactation curve model were significantly influenced by the calving season, days open, and cow's origin; lactation persistency of cows was more influenced by environmental factors (parity, calving season, days open) than by the sire. In order to improve the level of reproduction in dairy herds, it is advisable to take into account the lactation persistency of cows, since it has negative relationship with days open (r = -0.074). To improve lactation persistency it is necessary to use for insemination of cows semen of sires with high breeding values for this trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: The global financial crisis from 2007 to 2012, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the current war in Ukraine have dramatically increased the risk of consumer bankruptcies worldwide. All three crises negatively impact the financial situation of households due to increased interest rates, inflation rates, volatile exchange rates, and other significant macroeconomic factors. Financial difficulties may arise when the private person is unable to maintain a habitual standard of living. This means that anyone can become financially vulnerable regardless of wealth or education level. Therefore, forecasting consumer bankruptcy risk has received increasing scientific and public attention. Purpose of the article: This study proposes artificial intelligence solutions to address the increased importance of the personal bankruptcy phenomenon and the growing need for reliable forecasting models. The objective of this paper is to develop six models for forecasting personal bankruptcies in Poland and Taiwan with the use of three soft-computing techniques. Methods: Six models were developed to forecast the risk of insolvency: three for Polish households and three for Taiwanese consumers, using fuzzy sets, genetic algorithms, and artificial neural networks. This research relied on four samples. Two were learning samples (one for each country), and two were testing samples, also one for each country separately. Both testing samples contain 500 bankrupt and 500 nonbankrupt households, while each learning sample consists of 100 insolvent and 100 solvent natural persons. Findings & value added: This study presents a solution for effective bankruptcy risk forecasting by implementing both highly effective and usable methods and proposes a new type of ratios that combine the evaluated consumers' financial and demographic characteristics. The usage of such ratios also improves the versatility of the presented models, as they are not denominated in monetary value or strictly in demographic units. This would be limited to use in only one country but can be widely used in other regions of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of social factors has increased significantly in modern society. Education is essential for raising the intellectual and cultural level of inhabitants in any country. The purpose of this article is to analyze modern state of preschool education in different parts of Ukraine and to point at regional disparities in accessibility of preschool education services. This article gives analysis to modern state of preschool education in different parts of Ukraine. Research was based on several indicators such as number of children involved in preschool education, number of preschools in different regions of Ukraine, preschool enrollment rates and number of children actually attending preschools per 100 available places. Level of development of preschool education in cities and rural areas has been studied in regional context of Ukraine. It was also calculated social density of preschools and indexes of both territorial concentration and localization of preschools in the country. Social density of preschools was also analyzed in the study. The highest social density of preschools is typical for the capital of Ukraine - the city of Kiev. The lowest social density of preschool sector services is typical for Poltava, Sumy, Chernihiv and Luhansk regions. The highest concentration of preschools is observed in Kyiv city, and low territorial concentration index is observed in Sumy, Zaporizhia, Donetsk and Kirovohrad regions, Kherson region, Chernihiv region and Luhansk region. High localization index values were observed in Khmelnytsky and Ternopil regions, Zhytomyr and Cherkasy regions, Vinnytsia region, Mykolaiv, Zakarpattia, Rivne, Kirovohrad and Volyn regions and the lowest localization index values were observed in Kyiv city, Kharkiv region, Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Regions of Ukraine have been ranked and grouped in types according to their level of preschool education development. According to the results of the study, three types of regions have been identified. Regions (oblast) of Cherkasy, Khmelnytsky, Vinnytsia, Kyiv, Ternopil and Zakarpattia have been included in the first type (high level of preschool education development). The second type (average level of preschool education development) includes city of Kyiv and regions (oblast) of Zhytomyr, Rivne, Mykolaiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Chernivtsi, Sumy, Kherson, Kirovohrad, Poltava and Kharkiv. Regions (oblast) of Volyn, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernihiv, Lviv, Odessa, Zaporizhia, Donetsk and Luhansk have been included in the third type (low level of preschool education development). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the problem of professional training in the field of educational management. It was found that the emergence of this specialty is due to metamorphoses in socio-economic life and fierce competition between educational institutions. Given the number of multi-vector scientific publications, this problem is relevant and dynamic, so the field for its disclosure provides new research directions. The review of the literature allowed to outline the following key problems of educational management: practical activities of the head, the introduction of innovations; the process of training specialists; monitoring the effectiveness and evaluation of the quality of educational management. Through acquaintance and analysis with them, we made an attempt to reveal current trends and current issues of training education managers. Educational management has been found to be an interdisciplinary category on the periphery of education and economics. And if in the first case the connection is obvious, in the second - at first glance latent, but it is socio-economic processes that determine the activities of the head, whose task is to study labor market trends and build an effective strategy for the overall development of education. The topical issue is the coverage of basic personal qualities, psychological characteristics and practical skills. Thus, the study of cognitive sphere, creative potential and readiness for innovative activity occupies a prominent place. The problem of organizing the educational process also remains topical. In particular, the competence approach and the disclosure of creative opportunities of students as a resource for future professional activities. A deeper understanding of professional training was provided by a fragmentary analysis of certain aspects of higher education institutions in Ukraine, the United Kingdom and the United States (one institution from each region). It is established that the general trends in training are similar, but European universities focus on international academic mobility; USA — on the practical component; Ukraine — the theoretical basis. Based on the above material, we have developed a hierarchical model of determinants of the educational process of training educational managers. They determined that their impact, depending on the scale of the action — only on education or on society as a whole, can be explicit or latent. This model gives a clear idea of the place of educational management in public life. We see the prospects for further research in the development of specific recommendations for solving current problems of training education managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In Ukraine, substance use disorders (SUDs) and rates of HIV infection are growing, the number of specialists does not meet country's addiction treatment demands, and the quality of the care is often insufficient and does not cover the current treatment needs. A necessary first step to improving care for people with SUD in Ukraine is training needs assessment of addiction specialists. METHODS: A survey instrument, "Training Needs Survey for SUD Specialists," developed by the Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, was translated and adapted by the Ukrainian team of researchers. All institutions and organizations that identified as providing treatment for SUDs received the survey. This article details the training needs of people working with patients with SUDs based on a representative sample of addiction specialists at different types of treatment organizations in all regions of Ukraine (except the occupied territories). RESULTS: Different specialty groups had different training needs based on the individual's role in the treatment process. Addiction counselors expressed the greatest overall need for training. Compared to other specialists, the managers for social, educational, and psychological work with incarcerated individuals expressed a lower need for training. Training in medication-assisted therapy was not a high priority for respondents from any specialty group. CONCLUSIONS: The survey assessing the training needs of people working with patients with SUDs identified a wide range of interests that varied by the respondent's role and profession. Existing training courses and programs often do not cover complex issues of interest to specialists or reflect a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, current training courses require changes that align with modern concepts of addiction treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, a small number of temperate phages are known to infect members of the genus Erwinia. In this study, the genomes of temperate phages vB_EhrS_49 and vB_EhrS_59 infecting Erwinia horticola, the causative agent of beech black bacteriosis in Ukraine, were sequenced and annotated. Their genomes reveal no significant similarity to that of any previously reported viruses of Enterobacteriaceae. At the same time, phages 49 and 59 share extensive nucleotide sequence identity across the regions encoding head assembly, DNA packaging, and lysis. Despite significant homology between structural modules, the organization of distal tail morphogenesis genes is different. Furthermore, a number of putative morons and DNA methylases have been found in both phage genomes. Due to the revealed synteny as well as the structure of lysogeny module, phages 49 and 59 are suggested to be novel members of the lambdoid phage group. Conservative structural genes together with varying homology across the nonstructural region of the genomes make phages 49 and 59 highly promising objects for studying the genetic recombination and evolution of microbial viruses. The obtained data may as well be helpful for better understanding of relationships among Erwinia species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Microbiological Journal / Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal is the property of D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology & Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Th e paper summarises information on 11 species of trematodes parasitic in 9 species of wild carnivorans of Ukraine. Th e largest number of trematode species (9) was found in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Alaria alata (Diplostomidae) appeared to be the most common trematode parasite in the studied group; it was found in 4 host species from 9 administrative regions and Crimea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphological and molecular data on the type-species of Chaunocephalus Dietz, 1910, Chaunocephalus ferox (Rudolphi, 1795) is provided based on material collected from the type-host, Ciconia nigra (Linnaeus), from Kiev Zoo, Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global demand for agricultural products is surging due to population growth, more meat-based diets, and the increasing role of bioenergy. Three strategies can increase agricultural production: (1) expanding agriculture into natural ecosystems; (2) intensifying existing farmland; or (3) recultivating abandoned farmland. Because agricultural expansion entails substantial environmental trade-offs, intensification and recultivation are currently gaining increasing attention. Assessing where these strategies may be pursued, however, requires improved spatial information on land use intensity, including where farmland is active and fallow. We developed a framework to integrate optical and radar data in order to advance the mapping of three farmland management regimes: (1) large-scale, mechanized agriculture; (2) small-scale, subsistence agriculture; and (3) fallow or abandoned farmland. We applied this framework to our study area in western Ukraine, a region characterized by marked spatial heterogeneity in management intensity due to the legacies from Soviet land management, the breakdown of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the recent integration of this region into world markets. We mapped land management regimes using a hierarchical, object-based framework. Image segmentation for delineating objects was performed by using the Superpixel Contour algorithm. We then applied Random Forest classification to map land management regimes and validated our map using randomly sampled in-situ data, obtained during an extensive field campaign. Our results showed that farmland management regimes were mapped reliably, resulting in a final map with an overall accuracy of 83.4%. Comparing our land management regimes map with a soil map revealed that most fallow land occurred on soils marginally suited for agriculture, but some areas within our study region contained considerable potential for recultivation. Overall, our study highlights the potential for an improved, more nuanced mapping of agricultural land use by combining imagery of different sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Forest characteristics from two sample plot inventories in a primeval beech forest. • Species composition is characterized by a pronounced dominance of beech of over 97%. • Main structural characteristics remained stable despite ample demographic change. • Volume lost between inventories was replaced by volume increment of surviving trees. • Ingrowing trees compensated for trees that died or decayed regarding tree density. Quantitative estimates of change of primeval European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests at the landscape scale over time are scarce due to both the few remnants of such forests and the absence of repeated sample plot inventories. This forest ecosystem is thought to be relatively stable over time, but it remains unclear what drivers contribute to this stability. Here, we studied temporal change in one of the largest primeval beech forests. Our analysis is based on two consecutive inventories on 238 permanent sample plots in the Uholka-Shyrokyi Luh forest in Transcarpathia, Ukraine, covering 102.8 km2. The inventories were carried out in 2010 and 2019. This data allowed us to derive quantitative estimates for the main structural characteristics tree density, basal area and volume on a landscape scale and to characterize the demographic processes that shape this forest ecosystem. The structural characteristics tree density (2010: 441 N ha1, 2019: 458 N ha−1), basal area (2010: 35.9 m2 ha−1, 2019: 35.4 m2 ha−1), and standing volume (2010: 578 m3 ha−1, 2019: 584 m3 ha−1) of the living trees remained stable between the two inventories. The species composition, characterized by a pronounced dominance of beech, remained virtually unchanged as well, with 97.9% of the stems being beech trees in the first and 97.1% in the second inventory. In contrast, we observed a relatively high dynamic when looking at the demographic processes more closely. About 11% of the trees found alive in 2010 died until 2019, resulting in an annual mortality rate of 1.3%. Ingrowing trees compensated for trees that died or decayed regarding tree density, but only to a small extent regarding volume. The volume lost was largely compensated by the growth (8.0 m3 ha−1 year−1) of the surviving trees. This work characterizes the change of forest attributes in a primeval beech forest at the landscape scale over a time of period of nine years and provides baseline indicators on the development and dynamics of primeval beech forests. It broadens our understanding about the contribution of the main demographic processes to the pronounced structural and compositional continuity of primeval beech forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to ionizing radiation has long been suspected to increase mutation load in humans. Nevertheless, such events as atomic bombing seem not to have yielded significant genetic defects. The Chernobyl accident created a different, long-term exposure to radiation. Clean-up teams (or 'liquidators') of the Chernobyl reactor are among those who received the highest doses, presumably in some combination of acute and chronic forms. In this study, children born to liquidator families (currently either in the Ukraine or Israel) conceived after (CA) parental exposure to radiation were screened for the appearance of new fragments using multi-site DNA fingerprinting. Their sibs conceived before (CB) exposure served as critical internal controls, in addition to external controls (non-exposed families). An unexpectedly high (sevenfold) increase in the number of new bands in CA individuals compared with the level seen in controls was recorded. A strong tendency for the number of new bands to decrease with elapsed time between exposure and offspring conception was established for the Ukrainian families. These results indicate that low doses of radiation can induce multiple changes in human germline DNA.

The primary goal of this research was to reveal de novo mutations in the liquidators (cleanup personnel) who emigrated to Israel from the Chernobyl disaster area. We used genome fingerprinting simple sequence repeat-anchored polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD PCR). The methodology involved a combination of RAPD PCR, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and silver staining, with arbitrarily primed PCR. Use of microsatellite markers appears to be the most promising technique for high sensitivity analysis. The analysis involved DNA isolated from the blood of experimental and control subjects (involving both offspring who were born before or after the disaster and their parents). Our studies have reproducibly detected new bands that appeared in the children born after the disaster. No such bands appeared in the children born in the same family before the accident or in the children of control families who had not been exposed to radiation.