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Controversy has surrounded realist explanations of the causes of Russia's war against Ukraine, particularly John Mearsheimer's charge of western responsibility. This article seeks to clarify and contextualize his argument, situating it within the broader paradigm. Realism, and even its narrower offensive sub-school, offers a wide range of contrasting interpretations, depending on which major actors are studied and what characteristics they are endowed with. Like its classical predecessor, structural realism is premised on implicit views of human nature. In an effort to explicate some of these assumptions about the behavioural micro-foundations of states and their leaders, the article investigates main components of structural theory—including power differentials, 'rational' interests and states as unitary actors—and connects these concepts to base emotions like fear and anger. It argues that realists do well to differentiate between the aspirations of states and individual leaders' quest for power and status. In the same vein, reference to Russian security concerns may be emblematic of elites' perceived challenges of cultural subordination, and Putin's personal fears for the stability of his regime. Engagement with realist thought is essential, in part because of its continuing influence on policy-making (particularly in Russia) and in order to forestall improper co-option of caricaturized versions of realist arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been established, that the training of future physical culture specialists for health preservation of students in the context of the development of education in Ukraine is characterized by active innovative shifts, associated with the formation of the content of new higher education, in connection with which its purpose is expanding and changing. Health preservation and health-preserving technologies constitute one of the most promising educational systems. It has been determined, that today the development of a comprehensive program of a higher educational institution is urgent, which would allow solving problems of creating conditions, conducive to preservation and strengthening of health; introduction of a methodology, principles and methods of health-preserving education, software and hardware tools for monitoring, shaping, developing and maintaining the health of participants in the educational process; control over the observance of legislative and regulatory legal acts, regulating the activities of an educational institution on the issues of health preservation. It is believed, that health-preserving activity of physical culture specialists is a set of actions, operations and procedures that functionally and technologically ensure the achievement of a result in maintaining and strengthening health. We understand health-preserving activity as a professional property, which expresses the degree of assimilation of social experience in the field of ensuring education and health of students by means of physical culture by a future specialist, as well as the ability to use this experience in professional activity. The most significant structural components of the readiness of future physical culture specialists for health preservation of students have been revealed, namely: motivational and creative components. The levels of the readiness of the subjects for the motivational, cognitive, activity, creative and organizational and educational aspects have been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization processes affecting the development of economies of different countries, including the economy of Ukraine, require in modern market conditions and the functioning of business entities to find methods of protection of domestic producers, which contributes not only to their competitiveness and efficiency, but also national economy. This article is devoted to the study of business regulation of such an important subject of the national economy as the food industry, through the use of strategic restructuring, which takes into account the impact of the whole spectrum of globalization and aggressive changes in the national economy. The study confirmed that the restructuring of economic entities is one of the most capacious and relevant market transformational conversions of business entities, which confirms the practice of their activities in foreign countries with developed market economies, where restructuring is a permanent process that occurs in their activity at decrease in indicators of its efficiency, change of factors of external environment and the further technical, technological and other innovative development that promotes formation of the basic models of its carrying out. Examining the structural components of the strategic restructuring process identified by scientists, it was found that between reengineering and adaptation, as fairly "soft" adjustments to the current activities of the entity caused by environmental influences, and rehabilitation and reorganization of the entity,there is another missing structural component that characterizes the company's response to abrupt changes in environmental conditions and that significantly affects the efficiency and competitiveness, but which does not carry such radical measures as reorganization and does not always require its rehabilitation, such as transformation. It has been substantiated that in order to ensure competitiveness and efficiency of functioning of the subjects of the national economy of Ukraine, a mechanism of application of strategic restructuring on the basis of the principle of imperative is necessary. For the first time the concept of impartial restructuring of the food industry of Ukraine was developed on the basis of a system of principles, the main of which is the principle of impartiality (inequality, protection from the negative impact of the whole spectrum of exogenous and endogenous factors),according to macrogoals which ensure solving national problems of economic development of the country (economic and food security, competitiveness of the national economy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing is the property of Institute of Sociology NAS of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A global trend of economic development is the transition to the formation of a new economic paradigm - the information economy. Ability to generate knowledge and innovation is a prerequisite for improving the competitiveness of the country and its regions; as well, it determines the pace of their social and economic development. In this context, the need to determine the levels of the development of the information economy and its structural components (educational, research and innovation) in the regions of the country is actualized. The purpose of the article is to develop and test a methodological toolkit for assessing the development of the information economy in terms of its structural components, that will allow for the formation of regional clusters by the intensity of educational, innovation and research components, and to identify priority vectors for stimulating the development of the information economy at the macro- and meso-economic levels. When developing methodological tools, the authors proceeded from existing methodological approaches in the world, the possibility of adapting them to national specifics, as well as the potential of statistical bases. In order to cluster the regions of Ukraine by the development level of educational, innovation and research components of the information economy, the k-means algorithm is used. The conducted cluster analysis showed that processes of the formation of the information economy in Ukraine are developing unevenly and are in the stage of formation. More regions of the state fall into the cluster of problematic regions with low levels of the development of educational, innovation and research components; leadership in the development level of the information economy is demonstrated by Kharkiv region, assigned to the cluster of regions with the intensive development of the information economy; in addition, a cluster of perspective regions with the level of the moderate development of the information economy is highlighted. The research made it possible to find out the main problems and identify areas of regional imbalances in the development of the information economy, including in terms of its structural components. In conclusions, the authors proposed directions to improve the approaches to the government control of the processes of the information economy evolvement, based on specific features of the regions, their smart specialization, actual capacities and the achieved level of the development of the information economy components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]