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Dandyism was a spreading phenomenon in the cities of the late nineteenth century. Its more bourgeois and literary aspects are well researched, but it also influenced a number of youth subcultures that were seldom expressed in written or published forms except when journals and newspapers derided them. One of these was the character of the masher which emerged as a distinctly British variation during the middle of the century and was established as a form of popular dandy type in the 1880s. It is typical for a phenomenon like this to remain unexpressed, but a curious short-lived periodical entitled ‘The Masher’ was published in a few issues in 1883 during the height of the masher culture’s popularity. Through a study of the issues of this journal and the contents of its articles, this article aims at contemplating masher culture as a specific male subculture and testing the notion that this journal was a manifestation of it. Considering aspects of gender, performativity, dress and cultures of frivolity, the discussion centres around the self-irony and affectedness of the masher role, and its relation to other forms of more respectable dandyism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Diagnostic instruments based on resonance frequency analysis (RFA) can be utilised to assess dental implant stability during treatment and follow-up. Aim. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of patient- and implant-related factors on implant stability and the 5-year implant survival. In addition, the influence of stability (ISQ value) at placement and abutment connection on implant survival was evaluated. Materials and Methods. RFA measurements from a total of 334 consecutive patients with 745 dental implants (Neoss Ltd., Harrogate, UK) were retrospectively analysed after at least 5 years in function. Statistics were used to evaluate the influence of the different variables on implant stability and implant survival. Odds ratio calculations were performed to compare the risk for implant failure using 60, 65, 70, and 75 ISQ as threshold levels at placement and loading. Results. A total of 20 implant failures in 14 patients were noted during the 5 years of follow-up, giving an overall cumulative survival rate (CSR) of 97.3% at the implant level and 95.8% at the patient level. Gender, jaw, position, bone quality, and implant diameter had an influence on implant stability at placement. Jaw, bone quality, and implant diameter had an influence on stability after 3-4 months of healing. More failures were observed in full than in partial rehabilitations. Age, gender, jaw, position, bone quantity, bone quality, implant diameter, and implant length had no influence on implant survival. Implants with ISQ values below the threshold levels showed lower survival rates compared to implants with values above these levels. Conclusions. The present study showed a significantly higher risk for implant failure, showing an ISQ value below 70 and 75 at placement or after 3-4 months of healing. The results indicate that RFA measurements can be used to identify implants with increased risk for failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]