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LD score regression (LDSC) is a method to estimate narrow-sense heritability from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics alone, making it a fast and popular approach. In this work, we present interaction-LD score (i-LDSC) regression: an extension of the original LDSC framework that accounts for interactions between genetic variants. By studying a wide range of generative models in simulations, and by re-analyzing 25 well-studied quantitative phenotypes from 349,468 individuals in the UK Biobank and up to 159,095 individuals in BioBank Japan, we show that the inclusion of a cis-interaction score (i.e. interactions between a focal variant and proximal variants) recovers genetic variance that is not captured by LDSC. For each of the 25 traits analyzed in the UK Biobank and BioBank Japan, i-LDSC detects additional variation contributed by genetic interactions. The i-LDSC software and its application to these biobanks represent a step towards resolving further genetic contributions of sources of non-additive genetic effects to complex trait variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactions in the healthcare system today involve an important new set of actors: evaluative health platforms (EHPs). These platforms are not neutral intermediaries, but active moderators of how patients express opinions, choose providers, and consume health-related information. This paper adds to our understanding of the varied and evolving commercial interests of EHPs and the implications these have for patient voice. We analyze 71 platforms in the USA, UK, and Germany and identify five ideal types: subscribers, analyzers, advertisers, regulators, and scammers. Each platform type enacts a unique competitive strategy through an evaluative infrastructure which constrains but also generates possibilities for patient voice. Based on our typology, we develop three contributions. First, we nuance universalizing claims about the consequences of platform capitalism by specifying the diverse strategies underpinning competition between EHPs in different countries, and showing how each strategy leads evaluative infrastructures to develop in ways that impact patient voice. Second, we show how patients can navigate the challenges of a complex EHP space by exercising their ability to choose between platforms. Finally, we outline the conditions platforms need to fulfil to become empowering. Overall, this study highlights the varied and complex relationship between platform business models and user voice, which exists not only in healthcare, but also in many other fields. • Typology of evaluative health platforms (EHPs) in the US, the UK, and Germany. • EHP business models and content moderation techniques vary considerably. • EHPs have a wide range of implications for patient voice. • More transparency and competition can help platforms increase patient empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the objective of controlling the spread of the coronavirus, the UK has decided to create and, in early May 2020, was live testing a digital contact tracing app, under the direction of NHS X, a joint unit of NHS England and NHS Improvement. In parallel, NHS X has been building the backend datastore, contracting a number of companies. While the second iteration of the app should integrate a more privacy-friendly design, the project has continued to be criticised for its potential to increase government surveillance beyond the pandemic and for purposes other than tracing the spread of the virus. While I share these concerns, I argue that equal attention should be given to the collaboration between NHS X and the private sector because it has the potential to magnify the illegal collection and sharing of data. Systematic enforcement of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the private sector would disrupt the current dynamics hidden in plain sight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictive policing generally refers to police work that utilises strategies, algorithmic technologies, and big data to generate near-future predictions about the people and places deemed likely to be involved in or experience crime. Claimed benefits of predictive policing centre on the technology's ability to enable pre-emptive police work by automating police decisions. The goal is that officers will rely on computer software and smartphone applications to instruct them about where and who to police just as Uber drivers rely on similar technologies to instruct them about where to pick up passengers. Unfortunately, little is known about the experiences of the in-field users of predictive technologies. This article helps fill this gap by addressing the under researched area of how police officers engage with predictive technologies. As such, data is presented that outlines the findings of a qualitative study with UK police organisations involved in designing and trialing predictive policing software. Research findings show that many police officers have a detailed awareness of the limitations of predictive technologies, specifically those brought about by errors and biases in input data. This awareness has led many officers to develop a sceptical attitude towards predictive technologies and, in a few cases, these officers have expressed a reluctance to use predictive technologies. Based on these findings, this paper argues that claims about predictive software's ability to neutralise the subjectivity of police work overlooks the ongoing struggles of the police officer to assert their agency and mediate the extent to which predictions will be trusted and utilised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the processes involved in the design, delivery, and evolution of a mobile app.' The initial app' was funded by an institutional Teaching Award to update the delivery of Egan interviewing skills to social work students. The article charts the progress of development, beginning with the initial rationale for the app' and its subsequent evolution into a Motivational Interviewing resource for social workers within a designated local authority. Arguing for the increasing importance of digital resources, within social work training and practice, the article draws from theories of digital pedagogy, as well as highlighting the work of some prominent figures within this emerging field. The article is written as a collaboration between the lead author and the app' developers, who have contributed technical detail and emphasized the need for collaboration. Whilst the article touches briefly on the mechanics involved with app creation, its chief aim is to act as a guide to the practical, financial and relational aspects of development – in order that other social work practitioners and educators are inspired to progress their own ideas into innovative digital resources. To facilitate this, the article concludes with a practical list of suggestions for successful digital development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approaches to synthesizing qualitative data have, to date, largely focused on integrating the findings from published reports. However, developments in text mining software offer the potential for efficient analysis of large pooled primary qualitative datasets. This case study aimed to (a) provide a step‐by‐step guide to using one software application, Leximancer, and (b) interrogate opportunities and limitations of the software for qualitative data synthesis. We applied Leximancer v4.5 to a pool of five qualitative, UK‐based studies on transportation such as walking, cycling, and driving, and displayed the findings of the automated content analysis as intertopic distance maps. Leximancer enabled us to "zoom out" to familiarize ourselves with, and gain a broad perspective of, the pooled data. It indicated which studies clustered around dominant topics such as "people." The software also enabled us to "zoom in" to narrow the perspective to specific subgroups and lines of enquiry. For example, "people" featured in men's and women's narratives but were talked about differently, with men mentioning "kids" and "old," whereas women mentioned "things" and "stuff." The approach provided us with a fresh lens for the initial inductive step in the analysis process and could guide further exploration. The limitations of using Leximancer were the substantial data preparation time involved and the contextual knowledge required from the researcher to turn lines of inquiry into meaningful insights. In summary, Leximancer is a useful tool for contributing to qualitative data synthesis, facilitating comprehensive and transparent data coding but can only inform, not replace, researcher‐led interpretive work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study reports on the effectiveness of an early reading intervention, based on current research on early reading acquisition, and aligned to Norwegian orthography. Thirteen schools were randomly assigned to one of two interventions or a control condition. First grade students (n = 744) were screened at school entry, and children at risk of reading difficulties (n = 140) were identified. At-risk students in schools allocated for intervention received comprehensive teacher-led instruction also containing an individually-delivered computer component. The only difference between the two interventions was whether the computer application had adaptive learning features. Both interventions had significant impact on reading and spelling with no significant difference between the two different intervention conditions. Findings indicate that Norwegian children identified to be at-risk at school entry can profit from intensive intervention that combines training in letter knowledge with explicit instruction in phonetic decoding and word recognition, free spelling, connected text reading and shared reading. Highlights • A multi-component reading intervention for students at risk for RD is proposed. • The proposed intervention is evaluated in a sample of Norwegian first graders. • Intervention students outperform controls on reading and spelling after treatment. • Adaptive and fixed computer applications are evaluated and found equally effective. • At-risk children receiving intervention showed parallel growth with not-at-risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Government and non-government social welfare agencies have invested heavily in information technology, such as electronic information systems (IS) but evaluations have shown that they may undermine rather than support frontline practice. In this article, the findings of research in which senior managers and information technology managers were asked to reflect on why a particular application failed to achieve its aims are presented. The insights they provide can be used to guide future decision-making about the adoption of information technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online technologies have made it possible for practitioners and the public to reach academics directly and seek information and knowledge in areas of professional or personal interest. This paper uses the extended version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) to examine the factors that affect the adoption of online technologies by practitioners and other members of the public in order to engage with the academic community. Understanding the driving factors of such online engagement is very important as it can inform academic practice and how institutional support is provided. The results of our online survey (N = 241), derived by using Structural Equation Modelling, show that behavioural intention is mainly affected by the user's habit, performance expectancy and facilitating conditions. Also, educational level has a moderating effect in the cases of habit and social influence and gender in the cases of habit and hedonic motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retraction: Cheng Y. Application of VR computer image technology in 3D virtualization of sports human science.J Concurrency Computat: Pract Exper. 2018; 30–24. The above article, published online on 14 Sep 2018 Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpe.4934) has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor, Professor David W. Walker, School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK and Wiley Periodicals, LLC. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation based on allegations raised by a third party. Several inconsistencies including general logical flaws and irrelevant citations were found, making the motivation and conclusions of the article untrustworthy. The editorial office did not receive a response from the authors, and so requested underlying experimental data was not available for evaluation. Accordingly, the editors consider the conclusions of this manuscript invalid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of a national audit of epistaxis management led and delivered by a multi-region trainee collaborative using a web-based interface to capture patient data.Methods:Six trainee collaboratives across England nominated one site each and worked together to carry out this pilot. An encrypted data capture tool was adapted and installed within the infrastructure of a university secure server. Site-lead feedback was assessed through questionnaires.Results:Sixty-three patients with epistaxis were admitted over a two-week period. Site leads reported an average of 5 minutes to complete questionnaires and described the tool as easy to use. Data quality was high, with little missing data. Site-lead feedback showed high satisfaction ratings for the project (mean, 4.83 out of 5).Conclusion:This pilot showed that trainee collaboratives can work together to deliver an audit using an encrypted data capture tool cost-effectively, whilst maintaining the highest levels of data quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few evidence-based, on-line resources exist to support home-based care of childhood long-term conditions.Methods: In a feasibility study, children with stages 3, 4, or 5 chronic kidney disease, parents and professionals collaboratively developed a novel Online Parent Information and Support (OPIS) application. Parents were randomized to an intervention arm with access to OPIS or a control arm without access. OPIS usage was assessed using Google Analytics. Parents in the intervention arm completed the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) and User Interface Satisfaction (USE) questionnaires and participated in qualitative interviews.Results: Twenty parents accessed OPIS with a mean of 23.3 (SD 20.8, range 2-64) visits per user. Responses from the SAM and USE questionnaires were positive, most respondents rating OPIS highly and finding it easy to use. Qualitative suggestions include refinement of OPIS components, enabling personalization of OPIS functionalities and proactive endorsements of OPIS by professionals.Conclusions: Implementation of OPIS into standard practice is feasible in the centre where it was developed. Suggested developments will augment reported strengths to inform ongoing testing in the wider UK network of units. Our design and methods are transferrable to developing and evaluating web-applications to support home-based clinical care-giving for other long-term conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the UK, physicists and radiographers perform routine quality control (QC) of digital mammography equipment at daily, weekly and monthly intervals. The tests performed and tolerances are specified by standard protocols. The manual nature of many of the tests introduces variability due to the positioning of regions of interest (ROIs) and can be time consuming. The tools on workstations provided by manufacturers limit the range of analysis that radiographers can perform and do not allow for a standard set of tools and analysis because they are specific to a given manufacturer. Automated software provides a means of reducing the variability in the analysis and also provides the possibility of additional, more complex analysis than is currently performed on the daily, weekly and monthly checks by radiographers. To this end, a set of tools has been developed to analyse the routine images taken by radiographers. As well as automatically reproducing the usual measurements by radiographers more complex analysis is provided. A QC image collection system has been developed which automatically routes QC data from a clinical site to a centralised server for analysis. A Web-based interface has been created that allows the users to view the performance of the mammographic equipment. The pilot system obtained over 3000 QC images from seven X-ray units at a single screening centre over 2 years. The results show that these tools and methods of analysis can highlight changes in a detector over time that may otherwise go unnoticed with the conventional analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diversity in Europe has both increased and become more complex posing challenges to both national and local welfare state regimes. Evidence indicates specific barriers for migrant, faith and minority ethnic groups when accessing healthcare. However, previous studies of health in diverse cities in European countries have mainly adopted an ethno-national focus. Taking into account the new complexity of diversity within cities, a deeper and multi-faceted understanding of everyday health practices in superdiverse contexts is needed to support appropriate healthcare provision. Methods/Design: This protocol describes a mixed method study investigating how residents in superdiverse neighbourhoods access healthcare. The study will include participant observation and qualitative interviewing as well as a standardised health survey and will be carried out in eight superdiverse neighbourhoods - with varying deprivations levels and trajectories of change - in four European countries (Germany, Portugal, Sweden and UK). In each neighbourhood, trained polylingual community researchers together with university researchers will map formal and informal provision and infrastructures supportive to health and healthcare. In-depth interviews with residents and healthcare providers in each country will investigate local health-supportive practices. Thematic analysis will be used to identify different types of help-seeking behaviours and support structures across neighbourhoods and countries. Using categories identified from analyses of interview material, a health survey will be set up investigating determinants of access to healthcare. Complex models, such as structural equation modelling, will be applied to analyse commonalities and differences between population groups, neighbourhoods and countries. Discussion: This study offers the potential to contribute to a deeper understanding of how residents in superdiverse neighbourhoods deal with health and healthcare in everyday practices. The findings will inform governmental authorities, formal and informal healthcare providers how to further refine health services and how to achieve equitable access in diverse population groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze UK and US experiences as they relate to two central net neutrality questions: (1) whether competition serves as a deterrent to the discriminatory treatment of Internet traffic, and (2) whether discrimination creates barriers to application development and innovation. Relying on consumer switching behavior to provide more comprehensive competitive discipline was insufficient for a variety of reasons, including the presence of switching costs. The process of correcting errors in the technology used for application-specific management revealed that such management creates costs for application developers and innovators, regardless of whether their products are targeted for traffic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is becoming increasingly common for midwives to care for women who do not speak English, and UK interpreting services are often inadequate and underused. Persistent language barriers have been found to contribute to maternal and perinatal mortality thus it is essential that these barriers are overcome to provide safe maternity care. This article reports on a two-stage study undertaken to address this. The study aimed to: Identify difficulties midwives experience when communicating with non-English-speaking women. Through undertaking a group interview with 11 senior students, four themes emerged: accessing interpreters, working with interpreters, cultural barriers and strategies to address persistent language barriers. Explore the feasibility of using mobile devices with a translation application to communicate in clinical practice. Google Translate was tested in a simulated clinical environment with multi-lingual service users. Google Translate was not adequately developed to be safely used in maternity services. However, a maternity-specific mobile application could be built to help midwives and women communicate in the presence of a persistent language barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Wrapt (Weather generator rainfall analysis processing tool) is a software tool created as part of a UK Water Industry Research project on the impact of climate change on sewer networks. It allows users to generate design storm change factors and select timeseries from output of the UKCP09 (UK climate projections 2009) weather generator without the need for manual processing or detailed knowledge of weather generators. Wrapt has been developed to assess changes in extremes of short-duration rainfall events - relevant to assessing the performance of sewer networks - but also has potential for applications elsewhere (e.g. water quality modelling). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has argued that the mental well-being of d/Deaf people is poorer than that of hearing populations. However, there is a paucity of valid and reliable mental health instruments in sign language that have been normalised with d/Deaf populations. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure ( CORE- OM) with d/Deaf populations. A British Sign Language ( BSL) version was produced using a team approach to forward translation, and a back-translation check. The CORE- OM was incorporated into an online survey, to be completed in either BSL or English, as preferred by the participant. From December 2010 to March 2011, data were collected from 136 d/Deaf people. Cronbach's α was used to measure the internal consistency of items in the CORE- OM. Comparisons were made between versions, including comparisons with the non-clinical hearing population (not in receipt of mental health services) in a previous study. The reliability of the overall score, as well as the non-risk items in both the BSL and English versions, was satisfactory. The internal reliability of each domain in the BSL version was good (Cronbach's α > 0.70) and comparable to the English version in the hearing population. This was true for most domains of the CORE- OM in the English version completed by d/Deaf people, although the Functioning domain had a relatively low α of 0.79 and the Risk domain had an α of only 0.66 This raised the question whether it is advisable to use a mental health assessment with d/Deaf populations that has been standardised with hearing populations. Nevertheless, this study has shown that it is possible to collect data from d/Deaf populations in the UK via the web (both in BSL and English), and an online BSL version of the CORE- OM is recommended for use with Deaf populations in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] An accident causation model for the railway industry is proposed. [•] The model is applied to 80 railway accident reports from the UK. [•] Its usefulness in explaining how an accident/incident or near miss occurs is proved. [•] Several interesting relations between the model’s components are revealed. [•] Results from this study can be transferred to other safety-critical domains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background The present study describes the development of evidence-based practice guidelines for the nutritional management of adult patients with head and neck cancer using a wiki platform to enable wide international stakeholder consultation and maintain currency. Methods A dietitian steering committee and a multidisciplinary steering committee were established for consultation. Traditional methods of evidence-based guideline development were utilised to perform the literature review, assess the evidence and produce a draft document. This was transferred to a wiki platform for stakeholder consultation and international endorsement processes in Australia, New Zealand and the UK. Data were collected on website traffic utilising Google Analytics. Results In addition to broad stakeholder consultation through the steering committees, an additional twenty comments were received via the wiki by twelve individuals covering six different professions from three different countries, compared to four comments by e-mail. The guidelines were subsequently endorsed by the dietetic associations of Australia, New Zealand and the UK. During a 4-month period monitoring the use of the guidelines, there were 2303 page views to the landing page from 33 countries. The average number of pages accessed per visit was five and the duration of time spent on the website was approximately 6 min. Conclusions Using a wiki platform for guideline development and dissemination is a successful method for producing high-quality resources that can undergo wide international stakeholder review and include open public consultation. This can replace conventional methods whereby guidelines can quickly become outdated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a major public health issue and research is turning to information communication technologies as a means to deliver weight management interventions. A smartphone application (app) which allows the user to self monitor food intake and physical activity could be one such convenient and wide reaching approach. A smartphone app called ' My Meal Mate' ( MMM) has been developed which uses behavioural strategies of goal setting, self monitoring and feedback to aid weight management. The development of the app has been informed by focus groups with potential system users and by benchmarking against popular diet tracking applications available to download. This paper describes the MMM app, discusses its development and outlines plans for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 100 top-traffic and government websites from the United States and United Kingdom were examined for evidence of changes on accessibility indicators over the 14-year period from 1999 to 2012, the longest period studied to date. Automated analyses of WCAG 2.0 Level A Success Criteria found high percentages of violations overall. Unlike more circumscribed studies, however, these sites exhibited improvements over the years on a number of accessibility indicators, with government sites being less likely than topsites to have accessibility violations. Examination of the causes of success and failure suggests that improving accessibility may be due, in part, to changes in website technologies and coding practices rather than a focus on accessibility per se. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses an overview of the development in the spatial audio in Great Britain with regards to new paradigms and applications for storage and future formats in 2012. A new British Broadcasting Corp. survey showed that 30% of the British population owned a surround sound system. It also discusses the spread of three-dimensional (3D) video in cinema and home cinema, the launch of Wave Filed Synthesis (WFS), and the traditional production techniques used in stereophony.

Objectives: This study surveyed Web 2.0 application in three types of selected health or medical-related organisations such as university medical libraries, hospitals and non-profit medical-related organisations. Methods: Thirty organisations participated in an online survey on the perceived purposes, benefits and difficulties in using Web 2.0. A phone interview was further conducted with eight organisations (26.7%) to collect information on the use of Web 2.0. Data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Results: Results showed that knowledge and information sharing and the provision of a better communication platform were rated as the main purposes of using Web 2.0. Time constraints and low staff engagement were the most highly rated difficulties. In addition, most participants found Web 2.0 to be beneficial to their organisations. Conclusions: Medical-related organisations that adopted Web 2.0 technologies have found them useful, with benefits outweighing the difficulties in the long run. The implications of this study are discussed to help medical-related organisations make decisions regarding the use of Web 2.0 technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Information Resources team within the School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) at the University of Sheffield has a long-standing interest in the application of new and emerging Web 2.0 technologies for research, learning, and teaching. In early 2008, members of the group began to discuss the development of customized web portals, also referred to as personal start pages, to aggregate various streams of specialist information relevant to researchers within the School and in the wider National Health Service (NHS) research community. This paper documents the background to the portals, their development, and reflects on the challenges and issues the team encountered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes a visual approach to flow-data analysis within geographical information systems, and uses spatial interaction data from the United Kingdom for illustrative purposes. As a subfield within GIS, flow mapping is something of a disciplinary laggard, despite significant advances elsewhere in the field. Therefore, the paper has three main aims. First, the intention is to show how complex spatial interaction data—frequently underutilised—can be converted into meaningful information using a GIS-based, visual approach. Second, it is hoped that the contribution will help popularise the subject and stimulate new research within spatial interaction studies and planning more broadly. The third aspect is to demonstrate that we can gain a better understanding, and knowledge of, complex spatial networks through a visual analytics approach to information generation. The paper begins by exploring some key developments in the presentation of flow data. The main body of the paper is comprised of five key geovisualisations which focus on identifying the various patterns of spatial interaction in the United Kingdom. Finally, some conclusions are drawn and direction for future development are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Web services (WS) are the modern response of traders and online service providers to satisfying the increasing needs and demands of the digital communities. WS formation and operation is based on a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. Security is of paramount importance to WS and the ability to measure and evaluate the level of security available is key to establishing and continuing to develop the level of trust based on reputation developed by the provider of the WS. The greatest challenge in offering secure WS is to groups of people where the level of expertise of the user is low and the need for transparency of the service provision quite high, such as the case with services offered primarily to people in rural areas. Providers of such services face many challenges in balancing the requirements for performance, interoperability, and security against the cost of implementing secure systems and running profitable operations through low income generating WS. A review of services offered, of the users and the challenges in building online trust among providers and users are discussed for the case of rural areas in the United Kingdom. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article offers news briefs related to information technology in Great Britain. Application systems performance and its availability are the reasons for half of all enterprise Web problems. IBM introduced Innov8 educational game designed to help university students and young professionals develop a combination of business and IT skills. A table is presented which shows the top and lowest 10 paying countries for IT professionals based on the new survey from Mercer Consulting Company.

The article explores the studies on small to medium-sized enterprises that were using high complexity electronic-business applications in Great Britain. Evidence shows that the role of community intermediaries appear to be central to the adoption of critical electronic-aggregation applications provided by service providers acting as enterprise intermediaries. Moreover, community intermediaries associated with electronic-aggregation applications are more effective as trusted third parties.

Focuses on the challenges in keeping computer applications secure in Great Britain. Incidence of cloning first-generation handsets; Security features of the third-generation partnership project (3GPP); Level of variance in the interpretation of 3GPP.

Application service providers (ASPs) are a business phenomenon of the Internet age. The ASP concept offers companies the rewards of best-in-class application functionality for a fixed monthly cost and easy usage scalability, thus liberating organizations from technological complexities. In exploring the effectiveness of the ASP model, this paper examines the development of ASPs and also reports the results of a UK study, 178 ASP service purchasers and providers, highlighting the nature and offerings of service providers and the levels of satisfaction with ASP services. It is argued that the ASPs' potential to induce transformational change in terms of business processes and thus on the total enterprise is extensive. Also, by highlighting concerns with current ASP services, the paper concludes on an optimistic note emphasizing a favourable outlook for ASPs in the future. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports developments in the operation of national child health charity Best Beginnings, particularly in the area of infant feeding and child health in Great Britain as of August 2015. The charity is supported by the British Department of Health, professional organisations, and royal colleges. Also cited are the charity's use of the "From Bump to Breastfeeding" DVD to teach pregnant women, as well as the "Small Wonders" DVD as guide in caring for sick and premature babies.

Mobile phone applications or 'apps' are increasingly becoming an integral part of our daily lives, with the number of mobile app users in the UK predicted to exceed 43 million by 2016 (The Statistics Portal, 2015). The App and Play stores are saturated with thousands of apps that claim to cater for all elements of our lives: healthy living, education, entertainment and more. Undoubtedly apps can be a convenient way of accessing information; however, in relation to pregnancy and childbirth, how do women know whether the app they are downloading is providing high-quality, evidence-based information? This short article outlines the history of apps, discusses potential quality and credibility issues and provides suggestions for how to navigate the apps minefield to ensure the apps you download or recommend to others are credible and trusted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LEO was the world's first business computer. It was built by J. Lyons & Co., a catering company, to meet its own needs and led the way for several years with its succession of integrated applications. Developments are placed in the context of the technological constraints of the early years of electronic stored-program computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]