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This paper aims to articulate the multi-regulatory and complex territory that programme developers of professional doctorates are required to navigate, and, using examples from Health Psychology and Sport and Exercise Psychology, discusses the impact of this territory on programme development. 'Practitioner Psychologist' is a legally protected title for use by those listed on the UK's Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) register of practitioner psychologists. Achieving registration involves undergoing training to meet the HCPC prescribed standards, with the professional practitioner doctorate representing a viable training vehicle. The paper makes critical comparison between the HCPC standard-driven research "and" practice competences required of psychology professionals in a professional doctorate framework, versus traditional professional doctorates that provide a platform for qualified 'in situ' professionals to undertake research that problem solves and generates real-world application. For programme developers, the paper outlines a number of key considerations, including the importance of considering the territorial compatibility between the professional body requirements and the associated university framework to develop a viable product. The paper also provides some useful and informative suggestions for programme developers who may encounter similar territorial challenges, and is of relevance to an international audience interested in programme design for certified professional practitioners.

Readability is a systematic measure of ease, with which written information can be read and understood. It can affect the reader's ability to access, comprehend, and utilize health information. This study assessed the readability of online COVID-19 information readily available to the public to engage with. At a time when organisations and institutions were rapidly providing advice and reacting to a developing pandemic, it was hypothesised that some of that haste would be associated with a lack of clarity, as measured by readability indices. N = 65 website sources containing information relating to COVID-19 were accessed and assessed for inclusion in the study. Eight readability indices, including Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, were calculated to determine readability scores for each source of information. Readability scores varied greatly between individual sources of COVID-19 information. Despite the recommendation that information be presented to the general public at a sixth-grade reading level, most websites we assessed addressing COVID-19 information and advice presented content at greater than the recommended reading level. Based on these results, a significant amount of information available on the Internet about COVID-19 will not be easily readable for many individuals attempting to use the Internet to help inform their decisions about their health and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An estimated 46% of the worldwide adult population live with an active headache disorder, and it is thought that there is a proportion of headache and migraine sufferers who do not attend for medical care, instead choosing to manage their symptoms at home. The internet continues to act as a source of online health information for self-management, however, it is important that this information can be understood by the user. Research indicates that most health information online is written at a level too difficult for much of the UK population to understand. The aim of this study was to investigate the readability of online health information pertaining to headache and migraine for a UK-based internet user accessing the top four search engines. Searches for 'headache' and 'migraine' were performed on each search engine and results from the first page were selected for analysis. Five validated readability tests were used to analyse readability; Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Flesch Reading Ease, Gunning Fog Index, Coleman-Liau Index and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Index. We found that the majority of online health information about migraine and headache is too difficult for the UK adult population to read. Findings highlight work is required to ensure that information from a wider variety of sources is easier to comprehend for much of the population in order for individuals to make informed decisions about health seeking and self-management of headache and migraine. Health information providers should weave readability analysis into their content design process, incorporating shorter sentences and simpler words in their description of conditions and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of lifestyle on mental health in the ambulance worker population is unclear. The aim of this paper is to explore the role and impact of lifestyle on the mental health of ambulance workers within the United Kingdom (UK). Participants (N = 160) were recruited from 4 NHS ambulance trusts in England. Data were collected on lifestyle factors (sleep, physical activity and alcohol use) and mental health outcomes (trauma, anxiety, depression and stress); these were assessed by use of various questionnaires including validated measures. Sleep was shown to be the single biggest unique and significant predictor to all mental health outcomes. Suggestions for future research and intervention are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimTo examine the effects of self-care training workshops for primary healthcare workers on frequently attending patients.BackgroundInterventions to promote self-care in frequent users of primary care services have had mixed results. This paper reports an evaluation of a self-care initiative that aimed to develop a practice-based strategy to support self-care.MethodsA 12-month longitudinal-matched comparison study was carried out in seven intervention and four comparison practices. The intervention was a multidisciplinary training package delivered to Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) and practice staff in three workshops, over a three- to six-month period. Twenty-one managers, health professionals and other staff from participating practices and PCTs and 1454 patients were involved in the study. ‘Frequently attending’ patients were defined as having visited the practice more than eight times in the previous year, and were identified from practice registers and recruited by letter.Three sets of data were obtained: psychometric scores and other data from structured questionnaires; routinely collected data on use of healthcare services; and self-care beliefs and behaviour from qualitative interviews.FindingsStudy recruitment rate was 20% and retention rate 75%. Of those recruited 66% were female and the majority (94.8%) were White. There was poor uptake of the training programme within the participating practices, with few changes agreed or implemented. Few healthcare professionals consented to take part in the evaluation. No significant changes were seen in patients’ use of health services, psychometric scores or self-care beliefs or behaviour.ConclusionThe initiative did not show any effects during its pilot phase. Uptake and implementation were adversely affected by competing pressures for time and resources in primary care, coupled with a lack of engagement from primary health care professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented commenting on the editorial that appeared in the February 20, 2016 issue which suggested that new funding should be funneled into hiring new staff as a solution to the increasing bureaucracy in British general practice.

A letter to the editor is presented on the potential of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) to introduce people to traditional cigarettes.

Abstract: Objective: Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours have been identified as a problem amongst students. This present study investigated the prevalence and clustering of five lifestyle risk factors within a UK Higher Education (HE) institution during the period of April–May in 2008. Method: In a cross-sectional design, 410 students completed a ‘health and lifestyle’ survey. Data was collected on psychological stress, physical activity (PA), fruit and vegetable intake, binge drinking, smoking, and demographic factors. Results: Three subgroups emerged from the cluster analysis: ‘unhealthy/high risk’, ‘moderately healthy/moderate risk’ and ‘healthy/low risk’ group. The groups were cross-tabulated by demographics and the resulting clusters provided an insightful indication of how behaviours interact. Data on the whole sample revealed that the prevalence of three lifestyle risk factors were high; 70% did not meet the recommended guidelines of PA, 66% ate less than the recommended servings of fruit and vegetables per day, and 56% reported binge drinking at least once in a seven-day period. Psychological stress was also high amongst the sample, with females experiencing greater psychological stress than males. Conclusion: Students'' health lifestyles are of concern. The tendency for specific health lifestyle factors to aggregate in clusters has important implications for health promotion within this environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]