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This article discusses the raid on the Royalist garrison town of Bewdley, Worcestershire, in May 1644 by Colonel John 'Tinker' Fox, the governor of the Parliamentarian garrison at Edgbaston House in Warwickshire, which resulted in the surprise of the Royalist soldiers and the capture of Sir Thomas Lyttelton, the governor of Bewdley and one of the leading Royalists in Worcestershire. The article also examines a letter, written later in May 1644, which casts new light on the timing of the raid and on the Royalists' reaction to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports developments related to the nutrition of broilers in Great Britain as of December 2001. Role of darkness in the management of broiler production; Selection by broilers between a control wheat soya diet and diets high in rapeseed meal and field pea meal; Relationship between dietary and yolk carotenoid composition in wild birds.

Unlabelled: Of the estimated 1.4 million children world-wide who are blind, cataract is responsible for an estimated 190,000 (14%). The incidence varies from 1 to 3/10,000 live births or 10 per million of the total population in low-income countries. Early diagnosis, referral and surgery are important in improving results. A recent study from Sweden indicates that examination of babies in maternity wards results in earlier referral compared with well-baby clinics or no formal screening.Conclusion: It is important that standardized protocols be developed and implemented to screen children for ocular anomalies, especially cataract, before discharge from maternity units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the effects of enzyme supplementation on the growth and food conversion efficiency of broiler chicks given lupin-based diets in Great Britain. Diet composition; Comparison of growth rates between lupin and non-lupin-based diets; Negative growth effect xylanse for birds given control diet and those given high inclusion rates of lupin.

Presents a case report of a woman with severe rheumatoid arthritis in Great Britain. Development of lesions compatible with retinal vasculitis; Contribution of vasculitis in rheumatoid disease; Complications of rheumatoid arthritis.

Evaluates the nutritive value of Camelina sativa, an oilseed crop of the Brassica family, as meal for poultry in Great Britain. Protein content; Dry matter content; Digestibility coefficient; Metabolic energy/gross energy ratio.

The global health emergency of COVID-19 in early 2020 placed much of the population under quarantine. Interstitial Lung Disease in childhood (chILD) was recommended to be a pediatric clinically extremely vulnerable (CEV) group in April 2020 for shielding due to the unknown health consequences of COVID-19 in children with chronic respiratory conditions. This qualitative longitudinal research study explores how chILD parents in the UK experienced COVID-19 lockdown from over two interview time points. Participants (n = 8) were recruited from chILD patient organizations and online communities. Interview one focused on the period between January 2020 to July 2020, gaining personal insight into respondent's experience of lockdowns, which included questions on support systems and media coverage of COVID-19. The second interview enquired how respondents managed further UK lockdowns between September 2020 and May 2021. The main themes were uncertainty and adaptation. Respondents described how they navigated the UK lockdowns and undertook various risk management strategies for pandemic isolation. Once these were established, routine and positive family bonding was reported, along with a reluctant acceptance of the COVID-19 virus and continued shielding. As new COVID-19 information emerged, risk management strategies changed or remained for some respondents, bringing a feeling of living with COVID-19 as a "new normal". (Understanding the unique insights people with rare diseases such as chILD face during a global pandemic adds to policy and healthcare literature. Recommendations include further study of caregiver traits and resilience, essential facets of positive pandemic adaptation., (© 2024 The Author(s). Pediatric Pulmonology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a condition characterised by severe and recurrent hypoglycaemia in infants and young children caused by inappropriate insulin over-secretion. CHI is of heterogeneous aetiology with a significant genetic component and is often unresponsive to standard medical therapy options. The treatment of CHI can be multifaceted and complex, requiring multidisciplinary input. It is important to manage hypoglycaemia in CHI promptly as the risk of long-term neurodisability arising from neuroglycopaenia is high. The UK CHI consensus on the practice and management of CHI was developed to optimise and harmonise clinical management of patients in centres specialising in CHI as well as in non-specialist centres engaged in collaborative, networked models of care. Using current best practice and a consensus approach, it provides guidance and practical advice in the domains of diagnosis, clinical assessment and treatment to mitigate hypoglycaemia risk and improve long term outcomes for health and well-being., Competing Interests: IB has received honoraria for advisory opinion from Merck and Diurnal Pharmaceuticals. He is the UK CI for clinical trials funded by Zealand Pharmaceuticals and has received grant funding from Merck, Diurnal and Crinetics Pharmaceuticals. IB is the Chair of the BSPED-NIHR Clinical Studies Group and the Chair of the ESPE Communications Committee. He is a co-opted member of the NICE Head Injury Update Committee. IB has advisory roles with several patient organisations including the Pituitary Foundation, Living with CAH, CHC and CHI. MGS has received funding/speaker honorium from Novo Nordisk, Sandoz, Pfizer and received honorarium for consultancies/advisory boards from Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Merck. RK has received grant funding and honoraria for advisory opinion from Merck. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Shaikh, Lucas-Herald, Dastamani, Salomon Estebanez, Senniappan, Abid, Ahmad, Alexander, Avatapalle, Awan, Blair, Boyle, Chesover, Cochrane, Craigie, Cunjamalay, Dearman, De Coppi, Erlandson-Parry, Flanagan, Gilbert, Gilligan, Hall, Houghton, Kapoor, McDevitt, Mohamed, Morgan, Nicholson, Nikiforovski, O'Shea, Shah, Wilson, Worth, Worthington and Banerjee.)

Interstitial lung disease in childhood (chILD) is rare and no longer purely a childhood issue as many survive into adulthood, and so have to transition from pediatric to adult healthcare services. Transition is a significant life event that has the potential to impact on physical and mental health outcomes. The European Respiratory Society (ERS) statement on chILD transition highlighted the lack of standardised transition services for chILD transition resulting in a haphazard process. This qualitative study explores how young people and parents in the United Kingdom experienced transition from paediatric to adult healthcare services for chILD. Participants (n = 7) were recruited from chILD patient organisations and online communities. We focused on the experience of transition exploring if there were any information packs or support provided for the transition. Such support may be generic, such as "Ready Steady Go" which provides a systematic approach to transition and disease-specific literature. These latter have not been developed for ILD. Data were analysed by constructivist grounded theory. We present a lived experience of transition with themes of lack of transition preparation and planning, challenges of adapting to adult services, and a changing healthcare scene. Due to the complexity of chILD, parents discussed their need to remain, in part, as an advocate for the young person. Respondents provided recommendations for how transition could be improved along with tips for young people who are new to the transition process, which include educating oneself about the condition, learning medical terminology, and reaching out for support., (© 2023 The Authors. Pediatric Pulmonology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Driven by the longer lifespans of humans, particularly in Westernised societies, and the need to know more about 'healthy ageing', ageing mice are being used increasingly in scientific research. Many departments and institutes involved with ageing research have developed their own systems to determine intervention points for potential refinements and to identify humane end points. Several good systems are in use, but variations between them could contribute to poor reproducibility of the science achieved. Working with scientific and regulatory communities in the UK, we have reviewed the clinical signs observed in ageing mice and developed recommendations for enhanced monitoring, behaviour assessment, husbandry and veterinary interventions. We advocate that the default time point for enhanced monitoring should be 15 months of age, unless prior information is available. Importantly, the enhanced monitoring should cause no additional harms to the animals. Where a mouse strain is well characterised, the onset of age-related enhanced monitoring may be modified based on knowledge of the onset of an expected age-related clinical sign. In progeroid models where ageing is accelerated, enhanced monitoring may need to be brought forward. Information on the background strain must be considered, as it influences the onset of age-related clinical signs. The range of ageing models currently used means that there will be no 'one-size fits all' solution. Increased awareness of the issues will lead to more refined and consistent husbandry of ageing mice, and application of humane end points will help to reduce the numbers of animals maintained for longer than is scientifically justified.

Objective: Sepsis mortality is reported to be high worldwide, however recently the attributable fraction of mortality due to sepsis (AFsepsis) has been questioned. If improvements in treatment options are to be evaluated, it is important to know what proportion of deaths are potentially preventable or modifiable after a sepsis episode. The aim of the study was to establish the fraction of deaths directly related to the sepsis episode on the general wards and emergency departments., Results: 839 patients were recruited over the two 24-h periods in 2016 and 2017. 521 patients fulfilled SEPSIS-3 criteria. 166 patients (32.4%) with sepsis and 56 patients (17.6%) without sepsis died within 90 days. Out of the 166 sepsis deaths 12 (7.2%) could have been directly related to sepsis, 28 (16.9%) possibly related and 96 (57.8%) were not related to sepsis. Overall AFsepsis was 24.1%. Upon analysis of the 40 deaths likely to be attributable to sepsis, we found that 31 patients (77.5%) had the Clinical Frailty Score ≥ 6, 28 (70%) had existing DNA-CPR order and 17 had limitations of care orders (42.5%).