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Prison library staff play a central role in supporting prisoners with their educational, informational, recreational and cultural needs during incarceration. Their role is unique within the wider library profession, as they require both expertise in library and information management as well as the skills and knowledge required to operate in a prison environment. There has been little research exploring the experiences and perspectives of library staff who manage and deliver prison library services in the United Kingdom (UK). This paper addresses this gap in knowledge and seeks to amplify the voices of those working in an often overlooked profession. Findings are drawn from the first phase of a broader doctoral study which explored prisoner engagement with library services. A mixed-methods approach was taken, combining both a questionnaire and follow-up interviews with prison library staff across the UK. The questionnaire received 31 responses from library staff and 10 respondents participated in a follow-up interview. Findings offer a contemporary overview of the management and delivery of prison library services in the UK and underline common themes and concerns among prison library professionals, namely the implications of dual management, the impact of the unique social context in which they work and the importance of communication and liaison in providing effective library services. The paper concludes with recommendations for combatting the professional isolation felt by those working in this sector and for the promotion of prison library services both within and outside the prison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central objective of democratic governance of intelligence is, through debate and law, to establish public confidence that the agencies work efficiently, effectively and properly. Oversight of intelligence can be seen as a contest between agencies, government and overseers for the control of information. The four interacting dimensions of information control are secrecy, gathering, evaluation and persuasion. This article assesses the oversight performance of the Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC) through the prism of information control in investigating the allegations of UK involvement in torture since 2001. Operating within an overall context of executive dominance, these dimensions constitute a series of filters including what officers tell their managers, what the agencies record, what they tell ministers, what they tell oversight bodies and, finally, what the ISC reports to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems (VJIKMS) is one of the oldest and leading journals in the knowledge management (KM) field. The purpose of this study is to conduct bibliometrics analysis of publications published in VJIKMS for the past two decades. For doing this, this paper covered the past two decades of publications and carried out a science mapping analysis of publications. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology included bibliometrics and the science mapping analysis process. This paper imported the bibliographic information of VJIKMS from the abstract and citation database Scopus. Through bibliometrics method, this paper examined the citation results, author productivity, authorship pattern, research collaboration and other parameters of the selected publications. Afterward, this paper used VOSviewer software to carry out the science mapping of bibliometric networks. Findings: The findings showed that VJIKMS published 718 publications during 2000–2020, which got cited 4,311 times (6 times per article) till date. Joint authorship and international collaboration have been increasing where 1,417 authors from 66 countries have published. The USA, the UK and Iran lead the KM publications in this journal. Nonaka's publications and Journal of Knowledge Management (JKM) are highly cited references and journals in the VJIKMS. Research limitations/implications: The findings of this study would help the KM students, researchers and practitioners to see the diffusion of KM globally, what are the promising areas to work and helps to know the various patterns of publications if they aim to publish in VJIKMS. Originality/value: This is the first time a bibliometric analysis has been conducted to analysis of research publications published in VJIKMS. This presents a comprehensive analysis of publications between 2000 and 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is often characterised as a 'crisis', requiring action by public, private, and third-sector stakeholders to achieve strategic change. Crisis narratives are powerful and may be co-opted to privilege solutions promoted by influential groups. In relation to AMR, this applies particularly to the pharmaceutical and medical diagnostics industries. Given the associated risk of inefficient use of public funds, critical attention must be paid to how the promoted 'solutions' to the AMR crisis are constructed, and their symbolic and material effects on health policy. We conducted a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the seventy-one written submissions to the UK House of Commons Health and Social Care Committee's 2018 inquiry into AMR. Two researchers collaboratively coded the findings and categorised the submissions. We applied the Policy Dystopia Model to further analyse the proposed solutions and ascertain the discursive and instrumental arguments in the industry submissions to the Committee. We found that industry submissions deployed economic and governance discursive strategies, articulating three main 'market paradoxical' arguments: (i) interference but non-interference; (ii) power but powerlessness; and (iii) for-profit but not-for-profit. The industry submissions also drew upon instrumental strategies including: coalition management, information management, and direct involvement and influence in policymaking. Our analysis suggests that commercial interests deploy crisis narratives to advocate for solutions involving market deregulation and industry subsidies. Thus, the solutions presented to the Committee were heavily shaped by a technocratic-industrial complex. This contributes to influencing what is seen as possible and acceptable in the global AMR policy landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Every year, many thousands of travellers return to the United Kingdom (UK) from visits to other countries and some will become unwell due to infections acquired abroad. Many imported infections have similar clinical presentations, such as fever and myalgia, so diagnostic testing is an important tool to improve patient management and outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the demographics, travel history, presenting symptoms and diagnostic outcomes of referrals to the UK's specialist diagnostic Rare & Imported Pathogens Laboratory (RIPL) for the period 2015–2020. Methods Anonymised clinical and laboratory data were extracted from RIPL's Laboratory Information Management System and cleaned prior to descriptive analysis of the data. Travel history data were mapped to one of eight world regions, whereas symptom data were categorised into presenting syndromes. Diagnostic data were categorised as either positive, equivocal or negative. Results During the period 2015–2020, RIPL received 73 951 samples from 53 432 patients suspected of having infections that are rare in the UK. The most common age group for unwell returning travellers was 30–39 years and the most commonly reported travel destination was Southern and SE Asia. Dengue virus was the most diagnosed infection overall, followed by chikungunya, Zika, leptospirosis and spotted fever group Rickettsia. Dengue virus was among the top three most frequent diagnoses for all world regions except Europe and represented 62.5% of all confirmed/probable diagnoses. Conclusions None of the top five infections diagnosed by RIPL in travellers are vaccine-preventable, therefore understanding traveller demographics, destination-specific risk factors and encouraging preventative behaviours is the best available strategy to reduce the number of returning travellers who become infected. Prompt referral of acute samples with a detailed travel history, including purpose of travel and activities undertaken as well as dates and destinations can be a valuable tool in designing public health interventions and diagnostic algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data protection law can be tricky to navigate for businesses, and clinics are no exception. Adam Bernstein discusses what you need to know about updates in data protection law [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study draws on organizational learning and strategic decision-making theory to develop a conceptual framework to explore how the selection measures of BDA systems and external support partners are linked to BDA system quality, and how these influence firms' competitive position. Through a cross-sectional survey of 523 IT professionals from the US, UK, and India, using path analysis and structural equation modeling, we found that the information systems selection process, enhanced by knowledge management capabilities, is positively related to the BDA system quality and firms' performance. However, inconsistent with prior studies on transactional systems, we found no support for the hypothesis that software vendor criteria influence BDA quality. Also, in selecting systems and external facilitators, organizations appear to be pivoting towards parameters that are considered "emerging", such as cloud computing, DevOps, and agile experiences, as they increase the likelihood of unlocking business value from BDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UK Conservative Government 2017–2019 has taken steps to promote Engagement as a means of Knowledge Exchange (KE). In 2019/2020, a Knowledge Exchange Framework (KEF) will be introduced alongside the existing Research (REF) and Teaching (TEF) evaluations. Indeed, the OfS (Office for Students) and UKRI (UK Research and Innovation) [2018. Collaboration Agreement between the Office for Students (OfS) and UK Research and Innovation. London: OfS, 1] regard each of these evaluations as 'mutually reinforcing'. Given that the KEF is likely to take place in full for the first time in 2020, it is essential that colleagues understand both the nature of the Engagement agenda, the reasons for its emergence, the possibilities it offers and means by which to reduce opportunity cost. In this article, I draw upon a range of resources to present a clear overview of these factors and argue that KEF can be harnessed effectively for a number of, often socially valuable, ends and that its most onerous implications can be mitigated efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Photodiagnostic investigations are essential for the accurate diagnosis of abnormal cutaneous photosensitivity and provide important information for the management of patients with photodermatoses (cutaneous photosensitivity disorders). Although photodiagnosis has been undertaken since the early 1970s, specialist services in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland are limited and there is no formal guidance on diagnostic approach. Indeed, there is a limited literature in this area of methodology and diagnostic practice. Objectives: The primary objective was to undertake a British Photodermatology Group Workshop to review the role and activities of specialist centres in the UK and Republic of Ireland in order to ascertain whether there were consensus practices. Secondary objectives were to identify key priorities for service, training and research. Methods: An initial detailed survey review of current activities was undertaken prior to the Workshop and data from this survey were used to inform discussion at the Workshop, which was attended by key photodermatology experts from the UK and Republic of Ireland. Results/Conclusions: We have undertaken a detailed review of current Photodiagnostic Services in the UK and Republic of Ireland and report on our findings from the 12 centres and we have identified key areas of consensus practice. This is an important step in the process of standardising and optimising procedures and protocols and defining minimum clinical standards for photodiagnostic investigations, which are of such diagnostic importance in Dermatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the wave of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the construction industry is also witnessing the application of numerous state-of-the-art technologies. Among these, augmented reality (AR) technology has the advantage of utilizing existing 3D models and BIM data and is thus an area of active research. However, the main area of research to date has either been in visualizing information during the design phase, where architects and project stakeholders can share viewings, or in confirming the required information for construction management through visualization during the construction phase. As such, more research is required in the application of AR during the facility management (FM) phase. Research utilizing BIM in the FM phase, which constitutes the longest period during the lifecycle of a building, has been continuously carried out but has faced challenges with regard to on-site application. The reason for this is that information required for BIM during the design, construction and FM phases is different, and the reproduced information is vast, so identifying the required BIM data for FM and interfacing with other systems is difficult. As a measure to overcome this limitation, advanced countries such as the US and UK have developed and are using Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie), which is an open-source BIM-based information exchange system. In order to effectively convert open-source BIM data to AR data, this research defined COBie data for windows and doors, converted them to a system and validated that it could actually be applied for on-site FM. The results of this system's creation and validation showed that the proposed AR-based smart FMS demonstrated faster and easier access to information compared with existing 2D blueprint-based FM work, while information obtained through AR allowed for immediate, more visual and easier means to express the information when integrated with actual objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multiple ways of accessing the virtual environment are changing, those who access the Internet are changing and the role that the Internet plays in our lives. In 1995, only 1% of the world's population had access to the Internet. There are now over 4 billion Internet users worldwide and this number is growing. Over time, cyberspace has generated a series of controversies, starting from the difficulty of being given a unanimously accepted definition. At both state and institutional levels, an attempt was made to define this new concept, the results being different and adapted to the specifics of each organization. Thus, in the Cyber Security Strategy of Canada, cyberspace is presented as "the electronic world generated by the interconnection of computer networks", and in the Cyber Security Strategy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, it is defined as "An interactive domain of digital networks that store, modify and transport data". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UK Climate Change Act requires the Environment Agency to report the risks it faces from climate change and actions taken to address these. Derived information from projections is critical to understanding likely impacts in water management. In 2019, the UK published an ensemble of high-resolution model simulations. The UKCP Local (2.2 km) projections can resolve smaller scale physical processes that determine rainfall and other variables at subdaily time-scales with the potential to provide new insights into extreme events, storm runoff and drainage management. However, simulations also need to inform adaptation. The challenge ahead is to identify and provide derived products without the need for further analysis by decision-makers. These include a wider evaluation of uncertainty, narratives about rainfall change across the projections and bias-corrected datasets. Future flood maps, peak rainfall estimates, uplift factors and future design storm profiles also need detailed guidance to support their use. Central government support is justified in the provision of up-to-date impacts information to inform flood risk management, given the large risks and exposure of all sectors. The further development of projections would benefit from greater focus and earlier scoping with industry representatives, operational tool developers and end users. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes and implications for flash flood risks'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Recent reports of in-flight, hypoxia-like events have prompted concern that aircraft life support systems (LSS) may not always provide effective altitude protection. An analysis was undertaken of hypoxia-like incidents reported in a UK front-line combat aircraft. METHODS: A search of the UK Aviation Safety Information Management System database identified all Typhoon Defense Air Safety Occurrence Reports (DASORs) notifying in-flight symptoms over the decade 2008--2017. Qualitative analysis focused on the event narrative, altitude profile, timeline, symptom description, sortie characteristics, LSS function, postflight engineering investigation, and training implications. The plausibility and likelihood of hypobaric hypoxia were assessed, and the probable cause of symptoms ascribed. RESULTS: There were 18 DASORs with notified symptoms of suspected in-flight hypoxia, 13 in solo pilots and 5 reports of symptoms affecting 7 of 10 aircrew in 2-seat aircraft. Two cases of probable hypoxia comprised one oxygen bottle failure and one mask-off cabin depressurization. In one report, hypoxia was assessed as plausible but unlikely, following birdstrike with failure of cabin pressurization during climb. Symptoms were explained by hyperventilation in 13 cases (65%) and twice by minor constitutional upset. Suspected hypoxia was managed by immediate selection of emergency oxygen and expedited descent in 10 of 18 occurrences (56%). CONCLUSIONS: Only 2 cases of probable hypoxia have been reported in over 150,000 Typhoon flying hours. The Typhoon LSS has provided effective altitude protection including during cases of cabin depressurization. Symptom occurrences in Typhoon are idiosyncratic and unrelated; hyperventilation probably accounts for two-thirds of reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective Research Data Management (RDM) is becoming an increasing concern in UK universities as a result of mandates from research funders. The study explored the usefulness of theories of occupational sub-culture, jurisdictional struggle and Third Space to understand how librarians, IT staff and research administrators view developing services to support RDM. Data were collected through 20 semi-structured interviews with staff in the Library, IT services and Research Office of a research intensive university in Northern England. The notion of occupational sub-culture directs attention to the different ways professional services view RDM. Broadly speaking, IT Services focussed on short term data storage; Research Office on compliance and research quality; librarians on preservation and advocacy. In terms of Abbott's theories, the Library was the only department claiming a new jurisdiction in RDM. This could be seen as an extension of its existing jurisdiction in Open Access and Information Literacy. The other departments claimed to be short of resources to take on such a complex project. Some interviewees feared RDM might be risky and demand lots of resources. Third Space theory is a powerful way to think about roles that might emerge in a new intra-professional space as RDM services become a reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed critical failures in global public policy preparedness and response. Despite over a decade of exposure to other epidemics and pandemics, many, if not most, nation states have failed to integrate lessons learned into their pandemic preparedness and response plans. The United Kingdom's response to COVID-19 is an archetype of how the pandemic has overwhelmed traditional public health-led approaches. In this paper, we explore the UK experience and propose that pandemics constitute multivector threats meriting attention within a health intelligence framework. They employ the processes of information management used by the intelligence sector to illustrate a procedural matrix for guiding public policy during complex health security events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to make the case that there is a need to move beyond a focus on an approach to leadership development which is confined to health care only. It argues that, given the economic, financial, social and organisational context within which health and social care organisations in the UK operate, there is a need to develop leadership within health and social care systems, rather than within the existing "siloed" sectors. Design/methodology/approach: The paper considers the context within which health and social care organisations in the UK operate; examines the nature of those organisations; makes the case for focusing on the health and social car system through systems leadership; and identifies the need for leadership, rather than leader development. Findings: There is a danger of health and social care organisations "walking backwards into the future" with eyes fixed on the past. The future lies with treating health and social care as a system, rather than focusing on organisations. The current model is individual leader focused, but the emerging model is one of collective multi-agency teams. Originality/value: The paper seeks to go beyond a health-care-only focus, by asserting that there is a need to regard health and social care as a single system, delivered by a multiplicity of different organisations. This has implications for the kind of leadership involved and for how this might be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the inherent inaccuracy in the estimation of various extreme response variables (RVs) for different sea defence structures using joint exceedance curve approaches in common use around the UK. Utilising stochastically generated nearshore datasets that include extreme wave and sea-level conditions determined at regular intervals around the English coastline as part of a previous study, and asset information from the Environment Agency's Asset Information Management System database, this paper assesses 592 sea defence structures and their associated extreme response using different joint exceedance curve approaches when compared against the RV approach. This paper highlights that extreme RVs are often underestimated when using a joint exceedance curve approach, which in many cases can be significant. This suggests that the performance of many sea defence structures are incorrectly estimated. As a consequence, joint exceedance curve approaches may under-design sea defence structures to a greater level than previously indicated, or significantly underestimate extreme RVs when assessing the performance of existing structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UK Specification for Highway Works currently makes no specific provision for the use of continuous compaction control (CCC) in the construction of earthworks for roads and highways. Such techniques can be used by constructors, but the provisions of the specification take primacy, leaving little incentive to do so. In this paper the background to earthworks compaction is set out in the context of the potential beneficial use of CCC in the UK specification. Historic and current CCC specifications are then reviewed and examples of the use of CCC are provided. It is concluded there is no major technical obstacle to the introduction of CCC to road and highway earthworks in the UK. Work is required to produce integrate suitable specification clauses, including the provision of data from CCC in building information management. Major UK transport infrastructure projects offer excellent opportunities to develop and refine a specification and bring CCC into mainstream use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2020/29 Legal status of electronic forms of employment: The UK Employment Tribunals and England and Wales Court of Appeal (case [2018] EWCA Civ 2748) have ruled that any Uber driver who has the Uber App switched on, is in the territory where he/she is authorised to work, and is able and willing to accept assignments, is working for Uber under a worker contract. The UK courts disregarded some of the provisions of Uber's driver agreement. They had been entitled to do so because the relevant provisions of the driver agreement did not reflect the reality of the bargain made between the parties. The fact that Uber interviews and recruits drivers, controls the key information, requires drivers to accept trips, sets the route, fixes the fare, imposes numerous conditions on drivers, determines remuneration, amends the driver's terms unilaterally, and handles complaints by passengers, makes it a transportation or passenger carrier, not an information and electronic technology provider. Therefore the UK courts resolved the central issue of for whom (Uber) and under a contract with whom (Uber), drivers perform their services. Uber is a modern business phenomenon. Regardless of its special position in business, Uber is obliged to follow the rules according to which work is neither a commodity nor an online technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to identify a generic set of information requirements for facilities management (FM) systems, which should be included in BIM as-built models for efficient information exchange between BIM and FM systems, and to propose a process to identify, verify and collect the required information for use in FM systems during the project's lifecycle. Design/methodology/approach: Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied at different stages of the study's sequential design. The collection and analysis of qualitative data was based on an extensive literature review of similar studies, standards, best practices and case study documentation. This was followed by a questionnaire survey of 191 FM practitioners in the UK. This formed the background of the third stage, which was the development of the information management process to streamline information exchange between building information models and FM systems. Findings: The study identifies a generic list of information requirements of building information models to support FM systems. In addition, the study presents an information management process that generates a specific database for FM systems using an open data format. Originality/value: The existing literature focuses on specific building types (educational buildings) or specific information requirements related to particular systems (mechanical systems). The existing standards, guidelines and best practices focus on the information requirements to support the operations and maintenance (O&M) phase in general. This study is different from previous studies because it develops a set of specific information requirements for building information models to support FM systems. FM organisations and owners can use the proposed list of information requirements as a base to generate specific data output for their FM systems' input, to decrease the redundant activity of manual data entry and focus their efforts on key activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Electronic-Measures Project in 2003 funded by the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The project attempted to establish a reliable set of electronic resource measures for inclusion in the Society of College, National, and University Libraries Annual Statistics alongside traditional library usage measures. From this project it became clear that statistical measures can make an important contribution to evaluating the impact of electronic services on the libraries.

In this article the author discusses issues raised by the academic paper titled "The Very Separate Worlds of Academic and Practitioner Periodicals in Human Resource Management: Implications for Evidence-Based Management," by Sara L. Rynes, Tamara L. Giluk and Kenneth G. Brown, and published in this edition of the journal. The author examines points made in the article in light of the use of evidence-based management practice pursued by organizations in Great Britain and in Europe. He suggests ways in which purely theoretical information can be translated into knowledge useful to employee management and training.

The Tanganyika Library Service (TLS) was the national public library service set up in Tanzania, East Africa, in the 1960s. By the end of the decade, it was generally regarded as a model of Western-style public library development in Africa. This is an account of its establishment and early years based on accessible documentary sources in Tanzania and the United Kingdom, on printed sources, and on interviews with 1960s staff members in the two countries. Topics include the background of educational and library underdevelopment during the colonial era; the African Socialist philosophy of Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere; TLS readers and what they wanted to read in English or Kiswahili; the link with adult education and with literacy education in particular; the attempts to reach as many as possible with books and service in spite of resource constraints; the urban/rural debate; staffing and staff development; the contribution of E. M. Broome, TLS founding director; and the issue of overseas aid and cultural imperialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To clarify the concept of best interests, setting out how they should be ascertained and used to make healthcare decisions for patients who lack the mental capacity to make decisions. Context: The legal framework is the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 2005, which applies to England and Wales. Theory: Unless there is a valid and applicable Advance Decision, an appointed decision-maker needs to decide for those without capacity. This may be someone appointed by the patient through a Lasting Power of Attorney, or a Deputy appointed by the court. Otherwise the decision-maker is usually the responsible clinician. Different approaches exist to surrogate decision-making cross-nationally. In England and Wales, decision-making is governed by the MCA 2005, which uses a person-centred, flexible best interests (substituted interests) approach. Observations: The MCA is often not followed in healthcare settings, despite widespread mandatory training. The possible reasons include its focus on single decisions, when multiple decisions are made daily, the potential time involved and lack of clarity about who is the responsible decision-maker. Solution: One solution is to decide a strategic policy to cover more significant (usually health-related) decisions and to separate these from day-to-day relational decisions covering care and activities. Once persistent lack of capacity is confirmed, an early meeting should be arranged with family and friends, to start a process of sharing information about the patient's medical condition and their values, wishes, feelings and beliefs with a view to making timely treatment decisions in the patient's best interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Government organisations have been shifting to cloud-based services in order to reduce their total investments in IT infrastructures and resources (e.g. data centers), as well as capitalise on cloud computing's numerous rewards. However, just like any other technology investments there are also concerns over the potential risks of implementing cloud-based technologies. Such concerns and the paucity of scholarly literature focusing on cloud computing from a governmental context confirm the need for exploratory research and to draw lessons for government authorities and others in order to ensure a reduction in costly mistakes. This paper therefore investigates the implementation of cloud computing in both a practical setting and from an organisational user perspective via three UK local government authorities. Through the qualitative case study enquiries, the authors are able to extrapolate perceived rewards and risks factors which are mapped against the literature so that emergent factors can be identified. All three cloud deployments resulted in varying outcomes which included key rewards such as improved information management, flexibility of work practices and also posed risks such as loss of control and lack of data ownership to the organisations. These findings derived from the aggregated organisational user perspectives will be of benefit to both academics and practitioners engaged in cloud computing research and its strategic implementation in the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that interdependent relationships are key in realising inclusion and citizenship for people living with dementia. We focus on decision-making as one aspect of everyday life which reflects opportunities and challenges associated with citizenship. Accounts of everyday decision-making from people living with dementia provide insight into strategies for negotiating responsibilities as they shifted with dementia. An inductive, secondary data analysis developed decision narratives from the data of 61 interviews conducted in the United Kingdom. The interviews were with 12 people with a diagnosis of dementia plus their nominated care-partner in a qualitative study which focused on information management and sense of self. The secondary data analysis identified strategies for inclusion, emphasising relational interdependency amidst challenges. The five-stage framework of an Ethic of Care positions this interdependency as a response to barriers to inclusion and citizenship. Interdependency, therefore, emerges as key to realising relational citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the opportunities provided by the passage of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to the healthcare system of Great Britain. Topics discussed include insight from British Health Minister Lord O'Shaughnessy on how the GDPR will enable more connected and integrated approach to how data is managed across the National Health Service (NHS). Also mentioned are new requirements for transparency and accountability under the GDPR.

Abstract: Background: Person Centred Coordinated Care (P3C) is a UK priority for patients, carers, professionals, commissioners and policy makers. Services are developing a range of approaches to deliver this care with a lack of tools to guide implementation. Methodology: A scoping review and critical examination of current policy, key literature and NHS guidelines, together with stakeholder involvement led to the identification of domains, subdomains and component activities (processes and behaviours) required to deliver P3C. These were validated through codesign with stakeholders via a series of workshops and cognitive interviews. Results: Six core domains of P3C were identified as follows: (i) my goals, (ii) care planning, (iii) transitions, (iv) decision making (v), information and communication and (vi) organizational support activities. These were populated by 29 core subdomains (question items). A number of response codes (components) to each question provide examples of the processes and activities that can be actioned to achieve each core subdomain of P3C. Conclusion: The P3C‐OCT provides a coherent approach to monitoring progress and supporting practice development towards P3C. It can be used to generate a shared understanding of the core domains of P3C at a service delivery level, and support reorganization of care for those with complex needs. The tool can reliably detect change over time, as demonstrated in a sample of 40 UK general practices. It is currently being used in four UK evaluations of new models of care and being further developed as a training tool for the delivery of P3C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Given the increased risk of foodborne infection to cancer patients receiving chemotherapy treatment, and the risk of listeriosis reportedly five-times greater to this immunocompromised patient group, there is a need to ensure the implementation of domestic food safety practices among chemotherapy patients and their family caregivers. However, information regarding the adequacy of resources to inform and enable patients to implement domestic food safety practices to reduce the risk of foodborne infection is limited. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the provision of food safety information available to UK chemotherapy patients. Study design In-depth semi-structured interviews and content analysis of online patient information resources. Methods Interviews with patients and family caregivers (n = 15) were conducted to explore food-related experiences during chemotherapy treatment. Online food-related information resources for chemotherapy patients (n = 45) were obtained from 35 of 154 National Health Service chemotherapy providers in England, Scotland, and Wales, the Department of Health (DoH) and three of 184 identified UK cancer charities. Identified food-related information resources were reviewed using a content-analysis approach to assess the inclusion of food safety information for chemotherapy patients. Results In-depth interviews established that many patients indicated awareness of immunosuppression during treatment. Although patients reported practicing caution to reduce the risk of communicable diseases by avoiding crowded spaces/public transport, food safety was reported to be of minimal concern during treatment and the risk of foodborne infection was often underestimated. The review of online food-related patient information resources established that many resources failed to highlight the increased risk of foodborne infection and emphasize the importance of food safety for patients during chemotherapy treatment. Considerable information gaps exist, particularly in relation to listeriosis prevention practices. Cumulatively, information was inconsistent, insufficient, and varied between resources. Conclusion The study has identified the need for an effective, standardized food safety resource specifically targeting chemotherapy patients and family caregivers. Such intervention is essential to assist efforts in reducing the risks associated with foodborne infection among chemotherapy patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last two decades, data visualisation has diffused into the broader realm of mass communication. Before this shift, tools and displays of data-driven geographic- and information visualisation were mostly used in expert contexts. By now, they are also used in casual contexts, for example on newspaper websites, government data portals and many other public outlets. This diversification of the audience poses new challenges within the visualisation community. In this paper we propose personal relevance as one factor to be taken into account when designing casual data visualisations, which are meant for the communication with non-experts. We develop a conceptual model and present a related set of design techniques for interactive web-based visualisations that are aimed at activating personal relevance. We discuss our proposed techniques by applying them to a use case on the visualisation of air pollution in London (UK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been a key agent of change in the 21st century. Given the role of ICT in changing society this research sought to explore the responses and attitudes to change from ICT professionals and ICT academics in dealing with the potentially far reaching political challenge triggered by the UK’s 2016 European Union Referendum and its decision to leave the European Union (referred to as Brexit). Whilst the vote was a UK based decision its ramifications have global implications and as such the research was not confined to the UK. Methods and findings: Data was collected through a survey launched on the first working day after the Brexit referendum vote to leave the EU and kept open for four weeks. The survey contained qualitative and quantitative questions. It sought to understand the opportunities and threats that would exist post-Brexit for ICT professionals and academics triggered by the decision. The research captured a complex rich picture on ICT professionals’ responses to the potential challenge of change triggered by the Brexit vote. Immediately after the Brexit decision the research reveals uncertainties amongst ICT professionals regarding what the decision would mean, with just under half of the participants not identifying any opportunities or threats. For those who did, threats outweighed opportunities by just more than double. Whilst understanding the global possibilities and dangers, participants saw their position from national and organizational perspectives. The highest frequency coded threats related to areas outside the participants’ control and the highest frequency opportunities related to areas where there was the potential for ICT interventions. This survey is part of longitudinal piece of research. Using the same methodological approach two further surveys are planned. The second survey will be one year after Article 50 was triggered on 29 March 2017. The final survey will be one year after the UK exit from the EU, assuming this occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current demographic, policy and management changes are a challenge to hospices to develop their volunteering practices. The study upon which this paper is based aimed to explore good practice in volunteer involvement and identify ways of improving care through developing volunteering. The project consisted of a narrative literature review; a survey of volunteer managers; and organisational case studies selected through purposive diversity sampling criteria. A total of 205 staff, volunteers, patients and relatives were interviewed across 11 sites in England in 2012. This article focuses on one of the findings - the place that volunteers occupy between the hospice and the community beyond its walls. External changes and pressures in society were impacting on volunteer management, but were viewed as requiring a careful balancing act to retain the 'spirit' of the hospice philosophy. Honouring the developmental history of the hospice was vital to many respondents, but viewed less positively by those who wished to modernise. Hospices tend to be somewhat secluded organisations in Britain, and external links and networks were mostly within the end-of-life care arena, with few referring to the wider volunteering and community fields. Volunteers were seen as an informal and symbolic 'link' to the local community, both in terms of their 'normalising' roles in the hospice and as providing a two-way flow of information with the external environment where knowledge of hospice activities remains poor. The diversity of the community is not fully represented among hospice volunteers. A few hospices had deliberately tried to forge stronger interfaces with their localities, but these ventures were often controversial. The evidence suggests that there is substantial scope for hospices to develop the strategic aspects of volunteering through greater community engagement and involvement and by increasing diversity and exploiting volunteers' 'boundary' position more systematically to educate, recruit and raise awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how UK charities use information technology (IT) to support integrated performance management (IPM). Based on six case studies of small and medium-sized charities (SMCs), it finds that SMCs see IT as important for IPM, but face significant barriers establishing effective IPM. The paper concludes that charities would benefit from a more strategic infrastructure approach to IT, integrating IT for data, information and knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural capital accounting provides a systematic framework through which to quantify the benefits of natural assets. National-scale applications have demonstrated the feasibility of developing such accounts and their value as a tool to support environmental policy and management decisions. Building on that success, there have been increasing calls for sub-national organisations (for example, protected area authorities and water companies) to develop their own natural capital accounts. As we document in this paper, recent efforts by local organisations in the UK to produce such accounts have tended to rely on a set of 'standard practice' methods, many borrowed directly from national natural capital accounting exercises. In this paper, we review those methods and apply them in producing natural capital accounts for two UK National Parks. Working with the National Park Authorities, we critically assess the usefulness of those accounts to inform local land management. On account of data gaps and significant sensitivity to methodological assumptions, our research shows that these local accounts are considered of limited practical use for land management decision making at a local scale. Through specific illustrative examples, we show that natural capital accounts for local decision-making can be improved through: the inclusion of fit-for-purpose data and valuation methods, the consideration of uncertainties, and the incorporation of ecological information and spatial aspects. We also highlight the need for the development of both standardised guidelines and readily-available tools to quantify and value ecosystem services. • 'Standard' methods to produce Natural Capital Accounts (NCAs) are tested for two UK National Parks. • Data gaps and sensitivity to assumptions limit current NCA methods for local management decisions. • Effective NCA application to local land management requires better consideration of ecological information and uncertainties. • Improved valuation methods and a systematic accounting of spatial and temporal aspects are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of a clearer understanding of the causes and consequences of environmental change is an important issue globally. The consequent demand for objective, reliable and up-to-date environmental information has led to the establishment of long-term integrated environmental monitoring programmes, including the UK's Environmental Change Network (ECN). Databases form the core information resource for such programmes. The UK Environmental Change Network Data Centre manages data on behalf of ECN (as well as other related UK integrated environmental monitoring networks) and provides a robust and integrated system of information management. This paper describes how data are captured – through standardised protocols and data entry systems – as well more recent approaches such as wireless sensors. Data are managed centrally through a database and GIS. Quality control is built in at all levels of the system. Data are then made accessible through a variety of data access methods – through bespoke web interfaces, as well as third-party data portals. This paper describes the informatics approach of the ECN Data Centre which aims to develop a seamless system of data capture, management and data access interfaces to support research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the challenges and possibilities for UK policy learning in relation to upper secondary education (USE) across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (NI) within current national and global policy contexts. Drawing on a range of international literature, the article explores the concepts of ‘restrictive’ and ‘expansive’ policy learning and develops a framework of dimensions for examining what is taking place across the UK at a time of change for all four national USE systems. From an examination of recent national policy literatures and interviews with key policy actors within the ‘UK laboratory’, we found that the conditions for expansive policy learning had markedly deteriorated due to ‘accelerating divergence’ between the three smaller countries and a dominant England that has been pursuing an ‘extreme Anglo Saxon education model’. The article also notes that some aspects of policy learning continue to take place ‘beneath the radar’ between UK and wide civil society organisations. This activity is more prevalent across the three smaller countries although each, to differing degrees, is still constrained by its position in relation to the UK as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article offers information on the Medieval Libraries of Great Britain (MLGB3) project which aimed at providing comprehensive and searchable information about medieval English libraries and their books. The MLGB3 is taken from Neil Ker's "Medieval Libraries of Great Britain," a book that identifies all medieval libraries in Great Britain based on evidence found in surviving manuscripts. The importance of the combination of Ker's research on surviving manuscripts is also tackled.

The article examines the need of library services for the homeless and economically disadvantaged in Great Britain. Topics discussed include services offered by public libraries to people experiencing homelessness or economic disadvantage; ways in which libraries provide information about, and make referrals to public assistance with, finances, relationships, childcare, housing, healthcare, employment, legal matters, education, and transportation; and increase in homelessness and economic disparity in the country.

In the United Kingdom, librarians are adapting their roles to support researchers with the Open Access publication of their research in a post-Finch world, including grappling with reporting requirements at the institutional level. Particularly challenging is the need to provide high-level analysis for strategy makers while also extracting low-level detail for service provision and reporting in order to meet the needs of stakeholders across the university and numerous national external bodies. David Walters of Brunel University London describes how the library maximized its reporting capability by using the research management information in the university’s instance of Symplectic Elements, along with other Open Access data sources to establish the effective management of the institution’s Open Access publications data. Monitoring institutional data in real-time is guiding the development of library services and has allowed library staff to tailor appropriate training to researchers in very different disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Medication safety and errors are a major concern in care homes. In addition to the identification of incidents, there is a need for a comprehensive system description to avoid the danger of introducing interventions that have unintended consequences and are therefore unsustainable. The aim of this study was to explore the impact and uniqueness of Work Domain Analysis (WDA) to facilitate an in-depth understanding of medication safety problems within the care home system and identify the potential benefits of WDA to design safety interventions to improve medication safety. A comprehensive, systematic and contextual overview of the care home medication system was developed for the first time. The novel use of the abstraction hierarchy (AH) to analyse medication errors revealed the value of the AH to guide a comprehensive analysis of errors and generate system improvement recommendations that took into account the contextual information of the wider system. Practitioner Summary: It is widely acknowledged that a systems approach is necessary to improve medication safety. This study used a cognitive engineering method, Work Domain Analysis, to map the care home medication system and analyse medication errors. A macro-level view of the system was developed and this has provided a knowledge base for future interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glenys Bridges considers the latest changes to Data Protection regulations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on National Wound Care strategy update with improving data, digital and information. Topics include learning alongside the FImps and other organisations will provide an opportunity for collective learning; and improve understanding about how to deploy data, analytics, and information to drive change.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of work performed at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to set-up a Research Data Management Service and tailor it to the needs of health researchers. Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes the motivations for establishing the RDM Service and outlines the three objectives that were set to improve data management practice within the institution. Each of the objectives are explored in turn, stating how they were addressed. Findings – A university with limited resources can operate a RDM Service that pro-actively supports researchers wishing to manage research data by monitoring evolving support needs, identifying common trends and developing resources that will reduce the time investment needed. The institution-wide survey identified a need for guidance on developing data documentation and archiving research data following project completion. Analysis of ongoing support requests identifies a need for guidance on data management plans and complying with journal sharing requirements. Research limitations/implications – The paper provides a case study of a single institution. The results may not be generally applicable to universities that support other disciplines. Practical implications – The case study may be helpful in helping other universities to establish an RDM Service using limited resources. Originality/value – The paper outlines how the evolving data management needs of public health researchers can be identified and a strategy that can be adopted by an RDM Service to efficiently address these requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To integrate systems to provide centralized control, successive UK governments have funded a large number of IT initiatives in the National Health Service (NHS) using external management consultants and systems developers. Many of these projects have failed to deliver. This paper demonstrates that the historical context of the NHS IM&T strategy and infrastructure, combined with the pace of technological change, places acute hospitals in an invidious position when attempting to respond effectively to key goals set by strategic policy-makers and argues that, to be successful, they must re-evaluate their implementation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Organisations in England's National Health Service (NHS) are required to have 'did not attend' (DNA) guidelines to help deal with the 'unseen child'. Aims To map DNA and associated guidelines in paediatric services, examine differences in safeguarding response and advice in the guidelines and explore the experience of guideline users. Methods A mapping approach was used to locate current DNA guidelines on English NHS organisations' websites. Analysis of the guidelines was supplemented with qualitative data from those who produce, monitor or use them. Results Fewer than 8% of English NHS organisations had up-to-date guidelines in the public domain, though a further 41% stated that they had a DNA/similar policy in place or had an out-of-date guideline on their website. Advice to healthcare providers about the steps to take when a child DNAs fell into five categories: reflection and review; direct interaction with the family; indirect interaction with the family; liaison with internal colleagues; and external referral. Interviews with eight individuals led to the identification of four themes. The management of information flows was central to the effective management of DNA. Respondents also reported seeking support and advice from others. While all respondents spoke about the importance of supporting the family, the child's needs were central to dealing with non-attendance, and respondents demonstrated awareness of wider risk discourses. Conclusions We consider the implications of the work and suggest that evidence-informed guidelines developed nationally but tailored to specific services might be helpful for providers and users alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article undertakes an auto-critical analysis of the research team's ethnographic study of Cultural Enterprise Office (CEO), a Scottish creative business support agency. We discuss the team's composition and how this relates to other analyses of ethnographic teamwork. Our research is situated in the wider policy context of the “creative-economic” turn in the UK's research funding. This has been accompanied by increased emphasis on “knowledge exchange” and “impact” in the drive for greater accountability in higher education. The team's evolution in the course of undertaking research is illustrated by reference to four “pivotal moments,” which illustrate how we “performed” knowledge exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]