7 results on '"McNally, Richard J. Q."'
Search Results
2. Small-area analyses of bone cancer diagnosed in Great Britain provide clues to aetiology.
- Author
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McNally, Richard J Q, Blakey, Karen, Parslow, Roger C, James, Peter W, Pozzo, Basilio Gomez, Stiller, Charles, Vincent, Tim J, Norman, Paul, McKinney, Patricia A, Murphy, Michael F, Craft, Alan W, and Feltbower, Richard G
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BONE cancer , *ETIOLOGY of diseases , *AUTOMOBILES , *PESTICIDES - Abstract
Background: The aetiology of bone cancers is poorly understood. This study examined geographical patterning in incidence of primary bone cancers diagnosed in 0-49 year olds in Great Britain during 1980-2005 to provide information on factors linked with disease development. We investigated putative associations with deprivation and population density. Methods: Data on osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma were obtained from national population-based registries. Negative binomial regression was used to examine the relationship between incidence rates and the Townsend deprivation score (and its component variables) and small-area population density. Results: The study analyzed 2566 osteosarcoma and 1650 Ewing sarcoma cases. For females with osteosarcoma, statistically significant decreased risk was associated with higher levels of deprivation (relative risk [RR] per unit increase in deprivation score = 0.969; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.946-0.993). For all Ewing sarcoma combined, statistically significant decreased risk was associated with greater area-level population density and higher levels of non-car ownership (RR per person per hectare increase = 0.984; 95% CI 0.976-0.993, RR per 1% increase in non-car ownership = 0.994; 95% CI 0.991-0.998). Conclusions: Higher incidence of osteosarcoma was observed for females in areas with lower deprivation levels indicating increased risk is linked to some aspect of affluent living. Higher incidence of Ewing sarcoma occurred in areas of low population density and where more people owned cars, both characteristic of rural environments. The study adds substantially to evidence associating Ewing sarcoma risk with rural environmental exposures. Putative risk factors include agricultural exposures, such as pesticides and zoonotic agents [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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3. High yield of colorectal neoplasia detected by colonoscopy following a positive faecal occult blood test in the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme.
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Lee, Thomas J. W., Clifford, Gayle M., Rajasekhar, Praveen, Rutter, Matthew D., Kometa, Simon, Ritchie, Mary C., Waddup, Greg, Nylander, David, McNally, Richard J. Q., and Rees, Colin J.
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RECTUM tumors ,COLON tumors ,CANCER ,CHI-squared test ,COLONOSCOPY ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,FECAL occult blood tests ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MEDICAL screening ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,STATISTICS ,DATA analysis ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,DATA analysis software ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Objectives The UK National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) is based on a strategy of biennial faecal occult blood (FOB) testing. Positive results are classified as 'abnormal' or 'weak positive' based on the number of positive windows per kit or need for repeat testing. Colonoscopy is offered to both groups. We evaluate the relationship between FOB test positivity and clinical outcome in the BCSP. Setting The South of Tyne and Tees (UK) Bowel Cancer Screening Centres. Methods Data were collected prospectively on all individuals who were offered FOB testing and colonoscopy between February 2007 and February 2009. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between FOB test positivity and clinical outcome. Results Following FOB testing, 1524 individuals underwent colonoscopy, 1259 (83%) after a 'weak positive' and 265 (17%) an 'abnormal' result. Cancer was detected in 180 (11.8%) and adenomas in 758 (49.7%). Individuals with an 'abnormal' result were more likely to have cancer or be 'high risk' for the development of future adenomas (110/265, 41.5%) than those with 'weak positive' results, (236/1259, 18.7%, P < 0.0001). Those with Dukes stage B, C or D cancers or cancers proximal to the splenic flexure were more likely to have an 'abnormal' result. Conclusions The majority of colonoscopies were performed following 'weak positive' FOB results. Those with an 'abnormal' result were more likely to be diagnosed with cancer. The high yield of pathology in both the 'abnormal' and 'weak positive' groups justifies the need for colonoscopy in both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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4. Space-time clustering analyses of type 1 diabetes in children from north-east England: support for an infectious aetiology?
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McNally, Richard J. Q., Pollock, Raymond, Court, Simon, Begon, Mike, and Cheetham, Tim D.
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ETIOLOGY of diseases , *NUTRITIONALLY induced diseases , *DIABETES in children , *JUVENILE diseases , *PATHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: The aetiology of type 1 diabetes in children is uncertain. A number of recent studies have suggested an infectious aetiology. It has been postulated that an infectious agent may be involved. Support for this hypothesis may be provided by a finding of space-time clustering. The aims of this study were: (i) to determine whether there was space-time clustering in cases of childhood diabetes from north-east England; and to test for differences in space-time clustering: (ii) due to age at diagnosis; (iii) between the sexes and (iv) between levels of residential population density. Methods: We studied incidence of type 1 diabetes diagnosed in children aged 0-14 years and diagnosed during the period 1990-2007. All cases were resident in a defined geographical region of north-east England (Northumberland, Newcastle upon Tyne and North Tyneside). We applied a second-order procedure based on K-functions to test for global clustering. Locations were residential addresses at time of diagnosis. Tests were repeated using nearest neighbour thresholds to allow for variable population density, providing the primary result for each analysis. Differences between sexes and between levels of population density were assessed. Results: We analysed 457 cases of type 1 diabetes. Overall, there was marginally significant evidence of global space-time clustering (P = 0.089). There was statistically significant clustering amongst pairs of cases that contained at least one female (P = 0.017), but not amongst pairs of cases that contained at least one male (P = 0.190). Furthermore, there was significant clustering amongst pairs of cases that contained at least one from a more densely populated area (P = 0.044), but not amongst pairs of cases that contained at least one from a less densely populated area (P = 0.226). Conclusion: Although the analyses have only found marginally significant evidence of global spacetime clustering for cases of type 1 diabetes diagnosed in north-east England, there were two notable findings. First, there was evidence of clustering amongst females and secondly clustering was confined to cases from more densely populated areas. These findings are consistent with a possible aetiological involvement of an infectious agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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5. Incidence of childhood precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in north-west England.
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McNally, Richard J Q, Birch, Jillian M, Taylor, G Malcolm, and Eden, Osborn B
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LYMPHOBLASTIC leukemia in children , *LYMPHOBLASTIC leukemia , *LEUKEMIA in children , *LEUKEMIA - Abstract
Discusses the incidence of childhood precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in north-west England. Increase in the incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Great Britain; Data from the Manchester Children's Tumour Registry, which provides evidence that the increase is a result of an increase in the precursor B-cell subtype.
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- 2000
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6. Socio-economic patterning in early mortality of patients aged 0-49 years diagnosed with primary bone cancer in Great Britain, 1985-2008.
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Blakey K, Feltbower RG, James PW, Libby G, Stiller C, Norman P, Gerrand C, and McNally RJQ
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- Adolescent, Adult, Bone Neoplasms economics, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Osteosarcoma economics, Rural Population, Sarcoma, Ewing economics, United Kingdom epidemiology, Young Adult, Bone Neoplasms mortality, Osteosarcoma mortality, Sarcoma, Ewing mortality, Socioeconomic Factors
- Abstract
Background: Studies have shown marked improvements in survival between 1981 and 2000 for Ewing sarcoma patients but not for osteosarcoma. This study aimed to explore socio-economic patterning in early mortality rates for both tumours., Procedure: The study analysed all 2432 osteosarcoma and 1619 Ewing sarcoma cases, aged 0-49 years, diagnosed in Great Britain 1985-2008 and followed to 31/12/2009. Logistic regression models were used to calculate risk of dying within three months, six months, one year, three years and five years after diagnosis. Associations with Townsend deprivation score and its components were examined at small-area level. Urban/rural status was studied at larger regional level., Results: For osteosarcoma, after age adjustment, mortality at three months, six months and one year was associated with higher area unemployment, OR = 1.05 (95% CI 1.00, 1.10), OR = 1.04 (95% CI 1.01, 1.08) and OR = 1.04 (95% CI 1.02, 1.06) respectively per 1% increase in unemployment. Mortality at six months was associated with greater household non-car ownership, OR = 1.02 (95% CI 1.00, 1.03). For Ewing sarcoma, there were no significant associations between mortality and overall Townsend score, nor its components for any time period. For both tumours increasing mortality was associated with less urban and more remote rural areas., Conclusions: This study found that for osteosarcoma, early mortality was associated with residence at diagnosis in areas of higher unemployment, suggesting risk of early death may be socio-economically determined. For both tumours, distance from urban centres may lead to greater risk of early death., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2018
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7. Re: "Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and infections in the first year of life: a report from the United Kingdom childhood cancer study".
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Dorak MT, McNally RJ, and Parker L
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- HLA-DP beta-Chains, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infections complications, Infections genetics, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma complications, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma genetics, United Kingdom epidemiology, HLA-DP Antigens genetics, Infections epidemiology, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma epidemiology
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- 2007
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