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Abstract: The feasibility of halving greenhouse gas emissions from hotels by 2030 has been studied as part of the Carbon Vision Buildings Programme. The aim of that programme was to study ways of reducing emissions from the existing stock because it will be responsible for the majority of building emissions over the next few decades. The work was carried out using detailed computer simulation using the ESP-r tool. Two hotels were studied, one older and converted and the other newer and purpose-built, with the aim of representing the most common UK hotel types. The effects were studied of interventions expected to be available in 2030 including fabric improvements, HVAC changes, lighting and appliance improvements and renewable energy generation. The main finding was that it is technically feasible to reduce emissions by 50% without compromising guest comfort. Ranking of the interventions was problematical for several reasons including interdependence and the impacts on boiler sizing of large reductions in the heating load. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the prognosis and evaluation of pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients in Great Britain. It mentions that the cardiac MRI can evaluate the condition of the right ventricle in terms of its mass, volume, and interaction with the left ventricle (LV) in patients with suspected PH. It also mentions that the cause of death of PH patients, is due to right -sided heart failure.

Examines the patient with erythema multiforme associated with fenbufen treatment in Great Britain. Association of erythema multiforme with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Presence of perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration.

Integrating renewable energy technologies into a decentralised smart grid presents the 'Duck Curve' challenge — the disparity between peak demand and solar photovoltaic (PV) yield. Smart grid operators still lack an effective solution to this problem, resulting in the need to maintain standby fossil fuel-fired plants. The COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdowns necessitated a shift to remote work (work-from-home) and home-based education. The primary objective of this study was to explore mitigating strategies for the duck curve challenge by investigating this notable shift in behaviour by examining the effect of remote work and education on grid and decentralised solar PV electricity use in 100 households with battery energy storage in the southwest of the UK. This study examined 1-min granular grid electricity and decentralised solar energy consumption data for April–August 2019 and 2020. The findings revealed statistically significant disparities in energy demand. Notably, there was a 1.4—10% decrease in average electricity consumption from April to August 2020 (during and following the lockdown) compared to the corresponding months of 2019. Furthermore, household grid electricity consumption was reduced by 24—25%, while self-consumption from solar PV systems increased by 7—8% during the lockdown in April and May 2020 compared to 2019. This increase in self-consumption was particularly prominent in the morning and afternoon, possibly attributed to the growing prevalence of work-from-home and home-based education. The dynamic shifts in energy consumption patterns emphasised the role of decentralised solar PV energy in meeting the evolving needs of households during unprecedented societal changes. Additionally, remote work might unlock decentralised solar PV's potential in resolving the 'Duck Curve', urging further investigation into the implications for energy infrastructure and policy development. • Analysed 1-minutely grid and decentralised solar PV energy demand data from 100 houses in a southwestern UK city. • Average electricity consumption decreased by 1.4—10% in April—August 2020 compared to 2019. • Grid electricity consumption was reduced by 24—25%, and from solar PV self-consumption increased by 7—8%. • Increased solar PV self-consumption was prominent in the morning and afternoon. • Might unlock solar PV's potential of resolving the 'Duck Curve.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores assess symptom burden in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but data regarding their role in prognostication and risk stratification are limited. We assessed these relationships using the emPHasis-10 HRQoL measure.1745 patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH), drug-induced PAH (DPAH), heritable PAH (HPAH) (collectively "(I/D/H)PAH"), or connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-PAH), who had completed emPHasis-10 questionnaires at one of six UK referral centres between 2014 and 2017, were identified. Correlations with exercise capacity and World Health Organization (WHO) functional class were assessed, and exploratory risk stratification thresholds were tested.Moderate correlations were seen between emPHasis-10 scores and 6-min walk distance (r=-0.546), incremental shuttle walk distance (r=-0.504) and WHO functional class (r=0.497) (all p<0.0001). Distribution of emPHasis-10 score differed significantly between each WHO functional class (all p<0.0001). On multivariate analysis, emPHasis-10 score, but not WHO functional class, was an independent predictor of mortality. In a risk stratification approach, scores of 0-16, 17-33 and 34-50 identified incident patients with 1-year mortality of 5%, 10% and 23%, respectively. Survival of patients in WHO functional class III could be further stratified using an emPHasis-10 score ≥34 (p<0.01). At follow-up, patients with improved emPHasis-10 scores had improved exercise capacity (p<0.0001) and patients who transitioned between risk groups demonstrated similar survival to patients originally in those risk groups.The emPHasis-10 score is an independent prognostic marker in patients with (I/D/H)PAH or CTD-PAH. It has utility in risk stratification in addition to currently used parameters. Improvement in emPHasis-10 score is associated with improved exercise capacity., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: R.A. Lewis reports non-financial support for meeting attendance from Actelion Pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: I. Armstrong has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Bergbaum has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M.J. Brewis has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Cannon has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Charalampopoulos reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Actelion Pharmaceuticals, personal fees and non-financial support from Novartis, and grants from Bayer and GSK, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: A.C. Church has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J.G. Coghlan has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R.J. Davies has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K. Dimopoulos has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Elliot reports personal fees for advisory board work and lectures from Actelion Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline and Bayer, as well as grants from Pfizer, Actelion Pharmaceuticals and Bayer, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: J.S.R. Gibbs reports personal fees from Acceleron, Arena, Bayer, Complexa, Pfizer and GSK, as well as grants and personal fees from Actelion and United Therapeutics, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: W. Gin-Sing has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Haji has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A.G. Hameed has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L.S. Howard has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M.K. Johnson reports grants and personal fees for meeting attendance, lectures and advisory board work from Actelion and MSD, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: A. Kempny has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D.G. Kiely reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Actelion, Bayer and GSK, as well as personal fees and non-financial support from MSD, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: F. Lo Giudice has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. McCabe has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A.J. Peacock has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: O. Peleyeju has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Pepke-Zaba has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Polwarth has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L. Price reports educational grants from Actelion J&J, during the conduct of the study. Conflict of interest: I. Sabroe reports grants and personal fees for advisory board work from AstraZeneca, as well as grants from GSK, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: B.E. Schreiber has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K. Sheares reports educational support from Actelion, Bayer and GSK, as well as personal fees for lectures and consultancy from Actelion, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: D. Taboada reports fees for lectures and education and travel grants from Actelion, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly, MDS and Pfizer, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: A.A.R. Thompson reports grants from the British Heart Foundation (Intermediate Clinical Fellowship FS/18/13/3328), during the conduct of the study, as well as non-financial support for travel to meetings from Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: M.R. Toshner has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: I. Wanjiku has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S.J. Wort has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Yorke has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R. Condliffe reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Actelion Pharmaceuticals and Bayer, as well as grants from GSK, outside the submitted work., (Copyright ©ERS 2021.)

While traffic and air pollution exposure is associated with increased mortality in numerous diseases, its association with disease severity and outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unknown.Exposure to particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and indirect measures of traffic-related air pollution (distance to main road and length of roads within buffer zones surrounding residential addresses) were estimated for 301 patients with idiopathic/heritable PAH recruited in the UK National Cohort Study of Idiopathic and Heritable PAH. Associations with transplant-free survival and pulmonary haemodynamic severity at baseline were assessed, adjusting for confounding variables defined a priori Higher estimated exposure to PM 2.5 was associated with higher risk of death or lung transplant (unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.68 (95% CI 1.11-6.47) per 3 μg·m -3 ; p=0.028). This association remained similar when adjusted for potential confounding variables (HR 4.38 (95% CI 1.44-13.36) per 3 μg·m -3 ; p=0.009). No associations were found between NO 2 exposure or other traffic pollution indicators and transplant-free survival. Conversely, indirect measures of exposure to traffic-related air pollution within the 500-1000 m buffer zones correlated with the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society risk categories as well as pulmonary haemodynamics at baseline. This association was strongest for pulmonary vascular resistance.In idiopathic/heritable PAH, indirect measures of exposure to traffic-related air pollution were associated with disease severity at baseline, whereas higher PM 2.5 exposure may independently predict shorter transplant-free survival., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: E. Sofianopoulou has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Kaptoge reports grants from UK Medical Research Council and British Heart Foundation, during the conduct of the study. Conflict of interest: S. Gräf has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Hadinnapola has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C.M. Treacy has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Church has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Coghlan has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J.S.R. Gibbs reports grants and personal fees from Actelion, Bayer, GSK and MSD, personal fees from Arena, Bellerophon, Complexa and Pfizer, grants from Amco and United Therapeutics, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: M. Haimel has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L.S. Howard has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Johnson reports grants and personal fees for attendance at meeting and lectures from Actelion, Bayer, GSK and MSD, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: D.G. Kiely reports grants, personal fees and nonfinancial support from Actelion, Bayer and GSK, personal fees and nonfinancial support from MSD, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: A. Lawrie reports grants and personal fees from Actelion and GSK, grants from British Heart Foundation and UK Medical Research Council, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: J. Lordan has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R.V. MacKenzie Ross has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J.M. Martin has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Moledina has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Newnham reports education support (travel, registration and accommodation) to attend conferences from MSD and GSK, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: A.J. Peacock reports grants and personal fees from Actelion and Bayer, personal fees from GSK, grants from Gilead, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: L.C. Price has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C.J. Rhodes has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Suntharalingam has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E.M. Swietlik has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M.R. Toshner has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Wharton reports personal fees for advisory board work from Actelion, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: M.R. Wilkins has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S.J. Wort reports grants and personal fees from Actelion and Bayer, personal fees from GSK and MSD, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: J. Pepke-Zaba (or her institution) received research, education grants from Actelion, Merck and Bayer; and has served on advisory boards for Actelion, Merck, Bayer and GSK. Conflict of interest: R. Condliffe reports personal fees for advisory board work from Actelion, Bayer and MSD, during the conduct of the study. Conflict of interest: P.A. Corris reports grants and personal fees from Actelion and Bayer, personal fees from MSD, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: E. Di Angelantonio reports grants from European Commission Framework 7, European Research Council, British Heart Foundation, UK Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research, during the conduct of the study; grants from NHS Blood and Transplant, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: S. Provencher has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: N.W. Morrell reports personal fees from GSK and Johnson & Johnson/Actelion, outside the submitted work., (Copyright ©ERS 2019.)