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The article discusses the guidelines from the British Thyroid Association for the management of thyroid cancer. Topics include the overview and key recommendations for thyroid cancer management, the prognostic factors, risk stratification and staging of uncertainty in cancer, and differentiated thyroid cancer surgery, and persistent and recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer.

Describes a medical case on the complications of lithium treatment in Great Britain. Diseases after lithium treatment; Consideration of lithium toxicity as the causative factor of the complication; Identification of hypercalcaemia as the cause for the occurrence of diabetes insipidus.

Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis) is a major clinical and economic health burden with a heritability of ~45-60%. We present genome-wide association studies in British and Japanese populations and a trans-ethnic meta-analysis that include 12,123 cases and 417,378 controls, and identify 20 nephrolithiasis-associated loci, seven of which are previously unreported. A CYP24A1 locus is predicted to affect vitamin D metabolism and five loci, DGKD, DGKH, WDR72, GPIC1, and BCR, are predicted to influence calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) signaling. In a validation cohort of only nephrolithiasis patients, the CYP24A1-associated locus correlates with serum calcium concentration and a number of nephrolithiasis episodes while the DGKD-associated locus correlates with urinary calcium excretion. In vitro, DGKD knockdown impairs CaSR-signal transduction, an effect rectified with the calcimimetic cinacalcet. Our findings indicate that studies of genotype-guided precision-medicine approaches, including withholding vitamin D supplementation and targeting vitamin D activation or CaSR-signaling pathways in patients with recurrent kidney stones, are warranted.