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• Influence of traffic safety culture and infrastructure improvements on drivers' behaviour were investigated. • UK drivers were compared with Nigerian drivers with and without experience of driving in a UK road system. • Nigerian drivers with no experience of driving in the UK reported and engaged in more unsafe driving behaviour. • UK drivers and Nigerian drivers with experience of driving in the UK exhibited similar behaviours. • Changes in Infrastructure did not affect the behaviour of the three groups of drivers. • The behaviours of drivers are interpretable in relation to their traffic safety culture. This paper presents the results of a cross-cultural study to investigate the influence of traffic safety culture and infrastructure improvements on driver behaviour. To achieve this, the driving style of UK drivers was compared with that of Nigerians with and without experience of driving in the UK. A driving simulator experiment compared the actual driving style of these three groups of drivers in different safety critical scenarios. The simulated road environment varied depending on how much infrastructure was provided (low or high infrastructure). In addition, the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire was used to collect self-reported data on violations, errors and lapses. It was hypothesised that Nigerian drivers with no experience of driving in a UK road system would report and engage in more unsafe driving behaviour compared to the other two groups, and that increasing infrastructure would have little positive benefit. Overall, the results supported these hypotheses, indicating that the behaviours of drivers are interpretable in relation to their traffic safety culture, compared to changes in their driving environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]