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The objective of the present inquiry is to investigate the language contact situation resulting from the bilingualism of Hungarians living in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The present study conducted in the United Kingdom and Ireland, involving 200 participants divided into two groups as experimental groups, based on the amount of time they spent in the target countries, explores the use of three linguistic variables: the 'must+Verbimperative', the allative case, and the adessive and ablative case suffixes related to comparative structures, in the language use of the Hungarian immigrant communities, focusing on the results of grammaticality judgment tasks in comparison to outcomes of groups serving as control groups in earlier studies conducted in Hungary and the Carpathian Basin. A modified and digitized version of the questionnaire of the Sociolinguistics of Hungarian Outside Hungary research project (SHOH) was administered. Even though it has been proven earlier that language contact promotes nonstandard language use, this study does not unquestionably support this view and does not indicate any substantial changes in the language use of the immigrant communities in comparison to the control groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article applies a historical linguistic approach to compare specific word choice before, during and after the First World War in a sample of UK newspapers and two Nottingham papers. It finds that language use in Nottingham newspapers was similar to UK papers but at the same time showed marked differences, possibly as a result of local characteristics, circumstances, events and developments, which suggests that people's experience of war in this city did not always follow an overall UK pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language dominance is a multidimensional construct comprising several distinct yet interrelated components, including language proficiency, exposure and use. The exact relation between these components remains unclear. Several studies have observed a (non-linear) relationship between bilingual children's amount of exposure and absolute proficiency in each language, but our understanding of the relationship between language exposure and use and relative proficiency is limited. To address this question, we examined whether experiential-based measures of language dominance, operationalised here in the narrow sense of relative language proficiency, can provide an efficient alternative to the more labor-intensive performance-based measures often used in the literature. In earlier work, Unsworth (a) examined the relationship between relative proficiency and language exposure and use in a group of English–Dutch bilingual preschool children residing in the Netherlands. This study expands these findings by examining Dutch–English preschool children of the same age residing in the United Kingdom in order to cover the full dominance continuum. Participants were 35 simultaneous bilingual children (2;0–5;0) exposed to English and Dutch, 20 resident in the Netherlands and 15 in the United Kingdom. Relative amount of language exposure and use were estimated using a parental questionnaire. To obtain performance-based measures of language proficiency, children's spontaneous speech was recorded during a half-hour play session in each language. The transcribed data were used to derive MLU (words), average length of the longest five utterances, the number of different verb and noun types. Single word vocabulary comprehension was assessed using standardized tests in both languages. Following Yip and Matthews (2006), relative proficiency was operationalised using differentials. In line with Unsworth (2016a), English-dominant children typically had less than approx. 35% exposure to Dutch and used Dutch less than approximately 30% of the time. Curve-fitting analyses revealed that non-linear models best fit the data. Logistic regression analyses showed that both exposure and use were good predictors of dominance group membership assigned using the same approach as Unsworth (2016a), that is, using SDs. Dominance groups derived independently using cluster analyses overlapped with the groups derived using SDs, confirming that relative amount of exposure and use can be used as a proxy for language dominance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is on the relationship between Albanian speakers' ethnolinguistic vitality (EV) perceptions and their language maintenance, language use and choice patterns. A subjective EV questionnaire, and a language usage questionnaire capturing domain-specific language use was completed by 200 Albanian immigrants of first and second (one and a half) generation residing in various areas all over Greece. In addition, interviews were conducted with 180 informants from the sample to generate useful information for the qualitative analysis. The findings of this study chime with recent findings on Albanian immigrants' social integration strategies. Data analysis uncovers three themes: first, language use is domain-specific, with preferences for the L1 in the home/family domain only, L2 being the language of choice elsewhere especially for the 1.5 generation; second, there are low perceptions of EV of the L1 group across the sample; and third, there is evidence for a shift in language use and competence as a result of an integrative attitude to migration by the respondents, governed mostly by practical reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

It is clear that there are differences between the four nations (Australia, Canada, Britain and USA) when it comes to the use of language variety in their institutions. There are various factors such as ethnic groups, type of educational programs offered, the social and cultural systems in the countries, education system, and the immigration and movement of people which result in such differences in the use of language style in these nations. The common language between these nations is English, which is also a leading international language. This does not, however, translate into having a similar language style or accent in the countries' institutions. The contributing factors can be viewed in different perspectives. There may be some advantages and disadvantages of such varieties in language styles used in institutions, when nations have many different ethnic groups. The use of different language styles and conventions may prove to be a hindrance to some people when they seek jobs after they are through with their education. Although they use the same language, their acceptance in workplaces may depend on the language style they use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the problematic nature of an enforced monolingual culture promoted by the current Conservative-led UK government. It comments upon the paradoxical nature of the 2014 curriculum that promotes heritage texts and ‘proper’ English, when such poets embraced a Bakhtinian tolerance of languages. It focuses primarily upon the social relationships fostered with a Year 10 class by a new teacher within the English department in North London school. It questions the rejection of the Bullock Report and explores the importance of culture and linguistic interjections in pupils’ negotiation of meaning in and outside the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Although the Japanese community in London is relatively small, its composition is stable and reflects several aspects of Japan's relationship with the international community. Yet there appears to have been no systematic research exploring patterns of bilingual behaviour in relation to social psychological processes amongst Japanese nationals in London. The 95 participants in this study were all Japanese nationals, who came from three major groups in this community, namely company employees, students and pupils at a Japanese school. They completed a quantitative questionnaire about language use, attitudes to use, proficiency, identity, contact and perceived vitalities in both London and Japan. Although the findings confirmed the dominance of Japanese in proficiency and identity, they also suggested some systematic variance in use and attitudes according to context. Furthermore, while multivariate analyses supported the predictive value of English proficiency for the use of each language, the prediction of English use and attitudes was significantly enhanced by incorporating three factors related to identities and vitalities. Finally, Japanese use and attitudes were also associated with social contact. These findings are discussed with reference to ethnolinguistic identity theory, intergroup and intragroup factors, and the international status of English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]