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This essay explores the notions of lyric, modernity, and America. I argue that the idea of America is inextricable tied to the emergence of modern lyric poetry. I question the understanding that the value of Latin American poetry is confined to the historiographic Hegelian spirit of "universal" history that marks the beginning of poetry in Latin America in the late 19th century, only after it first emerged in Europe and then in the United States. I analyze the image of America and the development of lyric poetry since the end of the so-called Middle Ages in relation to the heterogeneous constitution of modernity and modern subjectivity. I suggest that the Cartesian dualism would be completely meaningless without the parallel conceptualization and conquest of America. Finally, this essay proposes that the alleged poetic delay in Latin America must be abandoned in favor of a poetic approach that is written and verified without the teleological constraints of History. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author explores the philosophical logic of German monism and public schools in the U.S. He notes the significance of German philosophy to the origins of American public education. He reveals that the original goal of German monism was to remove the mind or soul/body dichotomy that was prominent in Cartesian philosophy but originated with the ancient Greeks. He discusses the role of philosophers Plato and Aristotle in the development of monism.